Research Publications (Afrikaans en Nederlands)

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Some new perspectives on the Soweto uprising: H. M. L. Lentsoane�s poem �Black Wednesday� (�Laboraro le lesoleso�)
(Tydskrif vir Letterkunde Association, 2022) Krog, Antjie
The epic poem about the Soweto uprising, �Laboraro le lesoleso�, written in Sepedi (Northern Sotho) by H. M. L. Lentsoane has only recently been translated into English by Biki Lepota as �Black Wednesday� and published in the anthology Stitching a whirlwind (2018). In this article I suggest that, by discarding English, some crucial shifts from the bulk of protest poetry written in English must have taken place. Lentsoane wants to speak directly to fellow mother tongue speakers and not a national or broader African or international ear.
�n Geskiedenis van Afrikaans as kerktaal: Van altaar tot kansel
(University of Pretoria, 2022) de Vries, Anastasia
This contribution shines a critical light on the representation of Afrikaans as a language of the Church in external histories about the development and advancement of the language, inclusive histories particularly. It seems the history of Afrikaans within a Christian or Church context has escaped the critical attention which since the 1970s created awareness of the politicisation of and silences in the history, and the way in which the history is documented. Therefore, the history of Afrikaans as a language of the Christian faith is still told from an exclusively white Reformed perspective and held as a 20th century phenomenon, despite research pointing to its usage in the Moravian Church (Genadendal) in the 18th century and the Anglican Church in the 19th century. Though various denominations are included in socalled inclusive histories, it is done in a manner that suggests the dominance of the white Reformed Churches.
Afrikaans students� use of emojis
(South African Academy for Science and the Arts, 2023) Donovan, Lawrence
Everyday five billion emojis are used on Facebook Messenger, one out of every five Twitter messages contains an emoji and half of all Instagram comments have an emoji (Emojipedia. org, 2022). The use of emojis in online text messages has become increasingly prevalent in not only informal online interactions between family and friends, but also in formal contexts such as WhatsApp messages used in online learning. Over the last decade the use of WhatsApp has evolved from being used for informal interactions to being used as a platform for online learning and teaching in schools and universities. As a learning platform it has proved effective for using text messages to exchange information and knowledge and discuss lesson content. In this article a group of undergraduate Afrikaans students� use of emojis in three different contexts (interactions with friends and family, peers, and tutors; and lecturers) is examined to ascertain how the differentiation in context influences their use of emojis, how the use of emojis influences their online communication and how social presence in online learning is influenced using emojis.
"Ons skryf soos ons praat": Informalisering van geskrewe Afrikaans onder Afrikaanse tieners
(LitNet, 2019) Saal, Elvis; Lawrence, Donovan
Taal is voortdurend aan die verander, en een van die kragte wat op taalverandering inwerk, is informalisering, dit is die integrasie van spreektaalvorme in die skryftaal. Daar is, sover vasgestel kon word, nog geen studies onderneem na die potensi�le informalisering van geskrewe Afrikaans onder Afrikaanse tieners nie. Die begrip sociolinguistic change (?sosiolinguistiese verandering?), soos voorgestel en omskryf deur Coupland (2009, aangehaal in Coupland 2014b:282), word hier ingespan om aan te dui dat taalverandering in die konteks van sosiale verandering plaasvind. Die spesifieke rol wat die media speel in die demokratisering van die openbare diskoers, word pertinent belig. Die media het die potensiaal om linguistiese variante oor geografiese grense en tyd heen te versprei, wat tot groter ooreenkomste onder dialeksprekers kan lei. In hierdie ondersoek word daar gepoog om aan die hand van korpuslinguistiese metodes te bepaal tot watter mate informalisering in die skryfwerk van Noord- en Wes-Kaapse tieners voorkom, en watter ooreenkomste daar tussen die twee tienergroepe te bespeur is. Vir hierdie doel is 65 formeel geskrewe Afrikaanse opstelle van Afrikaanse graad 10-leerders in twee verskillende provinsies (die Noord-Kaap en die Wes-Kaap) versamel. Hierdie twee stelle data is met mekaar vergelyk in terme van hul spreektaalkenmerke, asook die frekwensies van die kenmerke. Die bevindinge van die ondersoek dui daarop dat beide Wes- en Noord-Kaapse tieners gebruik maak van algemeen gebruiklike omgangsvorme en dialektiese merkers in hulle skryftaal. Van die frekwentste spreektaal- grammatiese vorme wat in die skryftaal van tieners voorkom, is die eiesoortige voorsetselgebruik, agteropplasing van uitdrukkings, die ongewone werkwoordpatroon, die regularisering van werkwoordvorme en die weglating van lidwoorde, werkwoorde, onderwerpe en voegwoorde. Die belangrikste verskille tussen die twee tienergroepe is op dialektiese gebied. Noord-Kaapse tieners is, vergeleke met hul Wes-Kaapse eweknie�, meer geneig om streeksmerkers in hul formele skryfwerk in te span. Die bevindinge dui op �n stilistiese skuif in die rigting van informaliteit in die geskrewe Afrikaans van tieners.
Narrating the past: Reflections on recent Black Afrikaans writing
(Tydskrif vir Letterkunde Association, 2018) van Wyk, Steward
A return to the past has been a dominant feature of recent Afrikaans writing. This is evident in the many novels re-visiting the Anglo-Boer War or recounting incidents from the apartheid past. The approaches include the debunking of myths and a nostalgic longing for the good old days. Whether this is true of the small body of Black Afrikaans writing, given its ambivalent relationship to the canon, needs to be investigated. A number of texts that was published recently either had a clear autobiographical background or emanated from the desire and imperative �to tell our own stories from our communities�. A feature of the texts is also the way it engages with the past and makes use of diverse narrative strategies to recount circumstances and experiences and portray an image of how characters lived through the historical events during the apartheid years. The paper draws on David Scott�s distinction between romance and tragedy as two distinct narrative forms in which the past can be represented and narrated. Scott�s typology is applied to a critically reading of selected texts by inter alia Fatima Osman, Simon Bruinders, Ronelda Kamfer and Valda Jansen. In the case of the texts by the first mentioned authors the narrative is about survival, determination and the triumph of the human spirit in the face of a dehumanising system like apartheid. In the latter texts one finds elements of dystopia and disillusionment with the past as an ydill. It also gives an unsentimental view of the state of mind and events playing out in communities in the present. The texts furthermore grapples with textual strategies to represent history and the inability at times to comprehend the past.
S.V. Petersen se tydskrifverhale: 'n joernaal vir die geesteswetenskappe
(Stellenbosch University, 2008) van Wyk, Steward
S.V. Petersen (1914-1987) is bekend vir sy po�sie en word beskou as die eerste swart Afrikaanse digter. Sy skryfloopbaan het begin met 'n aantal kortverhale en sketse wat gepubliseer is in joernale en tydskrifte. Hierdie tekste bied uitsonderlike insig tot die plattelandse en stedelike kultuur van die sogenaamde "nieblanke" gedurende die 1940's. Die artikel plaas die tekste binne die sosiopolitieke konteks van hul tyd en gee 'n oorsig van die tematiek en taalkundige elemente. S.V. Petersen's magazine stories S.V. Petersen (1914-1987) is known for his poetry and is regarded as the first black Afrikaans poet. He started his writing career with a number of short stories and sketches that were published in journals and magazines. These texts give a rare insight into so-called "coloured" urban and rural life during the 1940s. The article places the texts within the socio-political context of their time and gives an overview of characteristic themes and linguistic features.
S� sjibbolet: �n intertekstuele lees
(University of Pretoria, 2012) van Wyk, Steward
This article pursues an intertextual reading of Adam Small's collection of poetry S� sjibbolet ("Say shibboleth"). The collection is read alongside texts that refer to "shibboleth" in their titles i.e. works by Paul Celan, Jacques Derrida and Doris Salcedo. The analysis draws on the readings that these texts provide of the Biblical passage in Judges 12 and the possibilities for further analysis that they open up of Small's title poem and collection as well as the insights that they provide into his poetic and discursive utterances with regard to apartheid and Afrikaners. Corresponding features in the writing of Celan and Small are further explored to enlighten their views on language and poetics within past and present contexts.
“Net domastrant vir spite”: Grepe uit dielewensgeskiedenis van S.V. Petersen
(Stellenbosch University, 2012) van Wyk, Steward
"Net domastrant vir spite": Moments in the life history of S.V. Petersen Relatively little is known about the life story of the Afrikaans poet S.V. Petersen. The entries in literary histories concentrate on his literary work and contain little information on his life and times. A few recent critical studies supplement these with new perspectives on his writing and provide interesting background material and context. However, the human being Petersen in his immediate surroundings and contact with family and friends is still sketched only in broad outlines. The aim of this article is to broaden the existing biographical information and scholarship on S.V. Petersen and his writing by recounting a few moments in his life history, verified with archival documents, letters, interviews and other texts and related to his writing. The article starts with a discussion of issues pertaining to life writing. Factual representation and narration of a life history are some of these issues. The accomplished and prolific Afrikaans biographer (the late) J.C. Kannemeyer's approach to his subject matter and methodology illuminates these issues. The article proceeds with Petersen's search for his roots and genealogy. His travels to Sweden, where his ancestors presumably hail from, and his research into archival records are highlighted. This forms the basis for a poem like "Suiderkruis" and other texts which deal with his emotions about his ancestry. Other facts about his family life and history are also recounted. In the following section the articles deals with Petersen's struggles with the apartheid authorities to resist eviction from his residence in Rondebosch under the Group Areas Act. Anecdotes about the history of the house, e.g. the origin of the name and how he eventually obtained a permit, are retold. A connection is made with Petersen's love of the pastoral lyric. The views of other critics on this matter are briefly discussed. The section ends with the story of the tragic events that form the basis for the poem"Na die ongelu". The last section of the article covers the friendship between Petersen and his friend and fellow poet P.J. Philander. Details of their friendship are uncovered in a number of letters that Petersen wrote to Philander in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This correspondence is held at the University of Stellenbosch Archives. The value of these letters lies in the fact that it shows how one individual witnesses a range of personal and public matters of that particular time. As representative of a particular grouping of coloured intelligentsia this is interesting. It gives insight into the way Petersen perceives the social and political events of this era, e.g. the political patronage and victimisation in the Department of Coloured Affairs. It also gives a view on how Petersen assessed his own writing and his views on colleagues and friends. Of particular importance is the glimpse into his personality and his frail mental condition. His love of travelling is related to aspects of his personality. The article expounds on his purported arrogance and insecurity and balances this with the views expressed in eulogies as well as personal interviews with his son, nephew and his long-time friend Richard van der Ross. The balanced portrayal that Van der Ross gives of Petersen is complemented by comparing it with his own experiences as told in his memoirs. Being those of someone who was a contemporary of Petersen's and from a similar background, these experiences make interesting reading and shed light on Petersen's. From this emerges a nuanced portrait of the poet that will be useful in further studies of Petersen, his life and times and his writing.
Met 'n diepe verlange, Hermann Giliomee: book review
(University of Pretoria, 2007) van Wyk, Steward
Met 'n diepe verlange is Catherine Willemse se outobiografiese vertelling wat sy geskryf het om, soos sy dit stel, "vir my en my man Stephen se nageslag 'n bietjie meer sekerheid oor hulle afkoms te gee".
Nagjakkals, Hendrik Januarie
(University of Pretoria, 2008) van Wyk, Steward
Hendrik Januarie se debuutbundel Pro rata wat in 1989 by Perskor verskyn het, gee reeds 'n aanduiding van hierdie digter se vermo� om indrukke - onder andere van die natuur, landskappe, vergankliklikheid en die sikliese aard van lewe en bestaan - onder woorde te bring. Hierdie bundel toon ook sy voorliefde vir alliterasie (kyk "etenstyd") en ironie.
Mulat-estetiek: �n Analise van Adam Small se dramas
(Taylor & Francis, 2004) van Wyk, Steward
Opsomming In hierdie artikel word die dramakonvensies van Adam Small ondersoek met besondere aandag aan perspektiewe op die mulat as �n sosiale gegewe. Hierdie element bied �n gepaste invalshoek omdat dit enersyds �n verskynsel is wat Small in sy dramas en ander skryfwerk aansny en daar andersyds �n uitgebreide literatuur bestaan waarin oor die dramatiese, lewensbeskoulike en liter�r-teoretiese inkleding daarvan besin word. Die werk van onder andere Langston Hughes en Derek Walcott word ondersoek om �n leesstrategie te ontwikkel waarmee die Small-teks geanaliseer kan word.
Adam Small (75): inleiding
(University of Pretoria, 2012) Willemse, Hein; van Wyk, Steward
Adam Small het op 21 Desember 2011 sy vyf-en-sewentigste verjaardag gevier. Ter afwagting van hierdie geleentheid het die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands aan die Universiteit van Wes-Kaapland (UWK) in samewerking met Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 'n simposium met die titel "Adam Small: sy lewe en werk" op Vrydag, 7 Oktober 2011 aangebied. In die loop van sy lewe as 'n skrywer en akademikus was Small aan beide die UWK en Tydskrif vir Letterkunde verbonde. Die universiteit is in 1960 te midde van groot politieke omstredenheid opgerig en Small was aanvanklik die enigste swart lektor. In 1973 bedank hy sy pos as senior lektor in Wysbegeerte in simpatie met studente-eise vir 'n aanneemliker onderrigbedeling op die UWK-kampus. In 1984 keer hy terug as professor en hoof van die Departement Maatskaplike Werk. Twaalf jaar later tree hy uit die diens. Sy verbondenheid aan Tydskrif vir Letterkunde in die vroe� 1960s was van korte duur. Saam met 'n aantal jonger Afrikaanse skrywers wat later as die Sestigers bekend sou staan, was hy deel van 'n nuwe redaksie wat 'n vars benadering in die oudste Afrikaanse liter�re tydskrif wou blaas. Persoonlikheidsgeskille met die ouer garde van Tydskrif het egter daarvoor gesorg dat die voorgenome samewerking slegs een uitgawe sou duur. Met hierdie historiese verbintenisse is dit gepas dat die Small-simposium op die kampus van die UWK plaasgevind het en dat die voordragte in Tydskrif vir Letterkunde gepubliseer word.
''Passing'' in die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur: 'n vergelykende ondersoek
(Alv-Tydskriffonds, 2007) van Wyk, Steward
This article examines how the phenomenon of passing, or playing white, is portrayed in selected South African texts. The findings of two studies conducted in the Cape Town area highlight the particular historical circumstances and factors that gave rise to the incidence of passing in certain areas. The article also draws on theorizing about the phenomenon in African-American literature for an analysis of issues of identity, race and gender. It is argued that passing / playing white challenges racially based constructions of identity in apartheid South Africa and that the texts explore these aspects in a multi-faceted way.
Identiteit en seksualiteit in die debuutromans van Kirby van der Merwe en Clark Accord
(Alv-Tydskriffonds, 2003) van Wyk, Steward
This article analyses the debut novels of the Afrikaans writer Kirby van der Merwe and the Surinamese writer Clark Accord. It focuses on the representation of identity and sexuality to posit an image of the individual (specifically the black woman) and finds that ambivalence is displayed; on the one hand established conceptions on identity, specifically race, and sexuality are presented, whilst on the other hand, such notions are contested and / or broadened in the texts. The analysis is grounded in a quest for corresponding features in the (post)colonial experiences reflected in the literatures of two former Dutch colonies, South Africa and Surinam.
"Harlekijns in den bonten stoet"? 'n Herbesoek aan die vroee komiese poesie in Afrikaans
(SAVN, 2013) Van Zyl, Wium
�Harlequins in a pied parade�? A revisit to early comic poetry in Afrikaans Some South African newspapers and individuals considered the so-called �Patriot movement� or First Afrikaans Language Movement�s efforts to transform �the taal� into a literary medium a joke. Quite ironically, part of the movement�s cultural campaign was based on the production and encouragement of poetical jokes and light verse. This article firstly deals with the reception and evaluation of this corpus of humorous poems in the history of Afrikaans literature, secondly it explores the relations of this cultural manifestation with the context of 19th century European cultural nationalism and thirdly examins its connections with the broader Dutch and international literary landscape of the time.

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