UWCScholar
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Assessing orthodontic treatment outcome of patients treated by orthodontic registrars - using the Peer Assessment Rating index
(University of the Western Cape, 2025) Julyan, Johan Christian; Bellardie, Haydn
Background: Orthodontic treatment aims to improve occlusion and aesthetics in patients’ dentition. Assessing the degree of improvement is important to establish the standard of care provided by an individual orthodontist or a tertiary care institution. This study aimed to assess the orthodontic treatment outcomes of patients designated for use in final examinations by registrars in the postgraduate orthodontics program at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). The assessment was performed using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Additional outcome measures included extraction, non-extraction, orthodontic prescription, impactions, Angle classification, and duration of treatment. Orthodontic study models and treatment records of patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. The final sample consisted of seventy-five patients with a mean age of 16 years and 6 months and a sex distribution of 47 (63%) females and 28 (37%) males. The PAR index was used to assess the pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) orthodontic study models. Additional outcome measures were assessed using the treatment records of the study sample.
A deeper look at the advent of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and what it means for the marginalized, a social innovation perspective
(Universty of the Western Cape, 2023) Maphukatha, Sihle; Mdleleni, Lwando
The current technological paradigm shift known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has impacted all parts of the world including the African continent. Developing countries such as South Africa are preparing for the transformative technological changes brought by 4IR. According to Schwab and other scholars 4IR is the fourth major industrial era since the 18th century in which new technologies are fused together with the physical, digital, and biological worlds affecting all disciplines, economies, and industries. South Africa recognizes the potential of adopting 4IR technologies to address issues of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. However, currently South Africa lacks the necessary resources, skills, and infrastructure to fully utilize the opportunities and mitigate the risks associated with these technologies, particularly in the marginalized society. This study seeks to determine the effect of the 4IR on the marginalized society and explore possible roles that can be played by social innovation (SI) to mitigate possible challenges and ensure inclusive participation in the implementation of the current technological revolution. SI is defined as new ideas such as products, services, and models that equally meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations that aim to develop society. In the context of this study, marginalized society refers to the demotion of society due to a lack of access to rights, resources, and opportunities.
Unpacking the entrepreneurship education conundrum: lecturer competency, curriculum, and pedagogy
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Iwu, Chux Gervase; Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa; Sibanda, Lucky
This qualitative study explores the complex landscape of entrepreneurship education by focusing on lecturer competency, entrepreneurship curriculum, and pedagogy. This study addresses critical gaps in the current literature by investigating key questions: ideal instructional approaches for entrepreneurship, essential components of the curriculum, providers of entrepreneurial knowledge, and overarching strategies to foster entrepreneurship in higher education. Employing the Gioia methodology, this research adopted a qualitative inductive approach by collecting data from 14 participants actively engaged in entrepreneurship education and development across various South African universities. The findings highlight the diverse perspectives of academics and underscore the importance of collaborative and interactive teaching methods in preparing students for entrepreneurial challenges. This research contributes valuable insights to inform policy and practice in enhancing entrepreneurship education within South African higher education institutions (HEIs).
A critical examination of the legal ambiguities surrounding labour tenants in terms of the Land Reform (Labour Tenants) Act
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Gabriel, Bronwyn Amor; Fick, Sarah
The history of South Africa includes the recognition of labour tenants with the numerous enactment of legislation.9 The Land Reform (Labour Tenant) Act (LTA) was enacted to redress the past injustices suffered by labour tenants.10 However since the enactment it only had one amendment, which did not address the pertinent issue namely the definition of a labour tenant. Loosely defined a labour tenant is a person who has land, grazing and tenure rights on the land of another, subject to working on such land.11 The courts have explored various approached to interpret this definition and have caused inconsistency.12 If a claimant falls short of the definition he or she is disqualified from all benefits deriving from the LTA.13 Therefore placing this issue in the hands of the courts is an injustice to labour tenants. This mini dissertation will explore whether the LTA is affording enough protection to labour tenants with its implementation and interpretation of its provisions. The LTA will further be compared to previous legislation that governed labour tenants on farms and the Land Tenure Security Bill14 proposed by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR). Studies of the landmark case law will be discussed to determine which interpretation of the definition of a labourtenant affords more protection.
Internal migrant characteristics and access to clean water in post-apartheid South Africa
(Springer, 2025) Nsengiyumva, Philomene; Habiyaremye, Alexis
Differentiated access to clean water has been one of the instruments that the Apartheid regime used to justify its monopoly on power. The demise of the White minority rule saw fluxes of internal migrants flocking to large cities to access water services previously denied to them through segregationist spatial planning. Using a framework derived from the theory of access, this study applied a multinomial logistical regression analysis to identify migrant sociodemographic and locational factors that affect their likelihood of accessing tap water. We found sociodemographic factors associated with a higher bargaining power to significantly increase the likelihood of migrants to have access to tap water inside their houses. By contrast, lower levels of bargaining power increase the probability of accessing clean water only outside the house or not having access at all. The results also point out clear differences between migrants residing in large cities and those residing in rural areas. Demand for water resources being expected to outstrip available supplies, the study recommends additional investments in maintenance and expansion of water distribution infrastructure, as well as support measures for improving the bargaining power of disadvantaged social groups to achieve the targets of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6).