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Monitoring District Health System performance in South Africa: a proposed dashboard based on key pragmatic indicators
(South African Medical Association, 2025) Schneider, Helen; Barron, Peter; Mahomed, Hassan
Effective monitoring and evaluation (m&e) systems are central to ensuring the performance and accountability of the district health system (dhs). Current systems in south africa are suboptimal and poorly oriented to the decision-making needs of district managers. Drawing on a who measurement framework for the performance of primary healthcare, and as a follow-up to a first article describing the challenges of m&e systems in the dhs, this article proposes a dhs performance monitoring dashboard that is both practical and pragmatic. The dashboard was constructed in an iterative and consultative process, and consists of 20 indicators for quarterly monitoring a set of general criteria underpinning the choice of indicators is spelled out (e.g. The data are readily available and reliable). Indicators that do not have much variability, or are better suited to annual evaluation (e.g. Number of community health workers per 1 000 population) are not included. The dashboard includes the name or description of the indicator, the definition of the indicator, why it is useful, challenges and pitfalls to be considered when analysing the indicator and how it can be used for decision-making. We propose that these indicators be assessed, tracked and monitored on a quarterly basis by relevant managers at the facility sub district and district levels. We emphasise that the purpose of this dashboard is not external compliance, but rather to support district managerial decision-making and accountability.
Investigation of water use and trends in South Africa: a case study for the Mzimvubu to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area 7 (WMA7)
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Jovanovic, Nebo; Mulangaphuma, Lawrence
This paper investigated sectoral water use and trends in the Mzimvubu to TsitsikammaWater Management Area 7 (WMA7). The investigation considered the Water Authorisation and Registration Management System (WARMS) database and field surveys as a source of water use information. The study was able to successfully make use of time series statistical analysis to show water use trends for identified priority sectors over a 5-year period by sourcing historical water use data of the study area. Further, the groundwater stress index and streamflow impact were applied to assess water use impacts on the surface and groundwater. The WARMS database and field survey results identified major sectoral water users such as agriculture (irrigation), municipal water services, dam storage, afforestation, power generation, recreation, mining, and industries. Study findings revealed that the agricultural sector is a major water user, with an estimated 60% of the total waterrequirement over a 5-year period (2018 to 2022). The application of the groundwater stress index revealed that the majority of the Quaternary catchments have surplus groundwater available. The application of streamflow impact revealed that the majority of catchments have low flow or no flow. The rise of water use clearly indicates a lack of water use compliance and enforcement. An increase in total water use could put water resources under stress, including an impact on the aquatic ecosystem, reduced water quality, and economic and social consequences. Therefore, the study recommends that a follow-up on compliance of surface water and groundwater use licenses be regularly conducted.
Electrolyte design for lithium-sulfur batteries: progress and challenges
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Iwuoha, Emmanuel; Jan, Waleed; Khan, Adnan Daud
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LiSBs) have gained popularity in recent years because of their high specific capacity (1675 mAh/g), high energy density (2600 Wh/kg) and abundance of sulfur in nature. Yet, unlike Lithium-ionbatteries, their commercialization has been challenging. In spite of significant studies on cathodes made of sulfur, lithium metal anodes, changes in separator topologies, embedded layers in cell topologies, and electrolyte architecture, it is still difficult to explain the polysulfide shuttling effect in electrolytes used in LiSBs. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on electrolyte design and critically examines recent research on electrolytes in LiSBs. It additionally provides distinctive techniques for improving the performance and lifespan of these batteries. In short, this review provides a clear and insightful evaluation of the development, prospects, and challenges related to LiSB electrolytes. The advancement of LiSBs holds immense potential to significantly enhance the sustainability and efficiency of our energy landscape. Hence, this field presents an impactful opportunity for researchers and investors to contribute to a more sustainable future.
“I think I know it, but I’m not sure”: how pre-service teachers blend conceptual physics problems into solution frameworks
(South African Journal Of Education, 2025) Iwuanyanwu, Paul
The purpose with this study was to investigate the challenges faced by second-year pre-service teachers when integrating conceptual physics problems into solution frameworks. The main goal was to understand the complexities involved in this integration process, specifically exploring how pre-service teachers drew upon different levels of knowledge taxonomy (factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive) and the difficulties they encountered at each level when blending conceptual problems into solution frameworks. By categorising the difficulties encountered into minor (D1), major (D2), and atypical (D3) challenges, I aimed to shed light on the effectiveness of different teaching approaches in addressing these challenges. To evaluate pre-service teacher performance, I employed a pre- and post-test control-group design to compare 2 learning conditions: traditional lecture-based instruction and the SPSE (situation, problem, solution, evaluation) blended model in a 6-week advanced physics course for pre-service teachers. Pre-test and post-test data were collected using the conceptual physics problems test (CPPT), and written responses to blended conceptual problems were graded using a moderated memorandum and analysed quantitatively. The results provide evidence of the effectiveness of the SPSE blended model. In particular, performance on tasks categorised as D2 and D3 improved significantly among pre-service teachers who followed the SPSE blended model compared to those who followed the lecture-based approach. However, I found no significant differences in performance on tasks designated as D1 between the two groups. This suggests that while the blended model enhances learning for solving certain types of conceptual problems, it may not universally apply to all types of tasks. Further investigation may be necessary to understand the nuances of how different learning models impact the blending of conceptual physics problems into solution frameworks among pre-service teachers
A taxonomic revision of the twelve-scaled species of struthiola (thymelaeaceae: thymelaeoideae): the struthiolamundiig roup
(Elsevier, 2025) Boatwright, James; Makhoba, Thuli; Magee, Anthony Richard
Struthiola L. (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) is a genus of approximately 40 species (Wright, 1915; manning and goldblatt, 2012) largely endemic to South Africa, but with four species in tropical Africa (Peterson, 1958, 1978, 2006). the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) is the centre of diversity for the genus, as well as for several other related southern African Thymelaeoideae, including Gnidial., Lachnaea l. and Passerina l. Almost all of the South African species of Struthiola are restricted to the GCFR (manning and goldblatt, 2012; Snijman, 2013), with only three of the South African species occurring beyond the region in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal (Wright, 1915; hilliard and burtt, 1986; Hilliard, 1993).
Struthiola l. was established by Linnaeus (1767) in his Systema Naturae ed. 12 for two species of Thymelaeaceae that were characterised by flowers with just four anthers and petaloid scales (incorrectly described as nectary glands) and subsequently conserved against the earlier name Belvala Adans. (1763) with the conserved type S. erecta l. The genus was last revised more than a century ago by Wright (1915), and as the taxonomy of the southern African species remains poorly understood it has been identified as one of the priority groups for taxonomic revision (Victor et al., 2015; Victor, 2020). Meisner (1857), in his global treatment of Thymelaeaceae, subdivided the genus into three morphological groups based on the number of petaloid scales in the mouth of the hypanthium, viz. four, eight or 12. All subsequent authors have retained these informal subdivisions.
The molecular analyses by Makhoba (2024) recovered the species with four scales (the Struthiola striata group) and those with 12 scales (the Struthiola mundii group) as two independent clades nested within the remaining species of the genus, all with eight scales. This confirms the value of the putatively derived scale-numbers of four and 12 in identifying relationships in the genus. The four-scaled S. striata group was recently revised (Makhoba et al., 2019) as a first step towards a comprehensive revision of the genus. As the next step we present a revision of the twelve-scaled species comprising the S. mundii group.
Twelve species and three varieties were recognized in the S. mundii group at the onset of this study. Characters such as habit, flower colour, presence or absence of hairs on the hypanthium, hypanthium length, shape of the petaloid scales and the colour of the associated hairs, bracteole length, and presence or absence