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Item Adam Small (75): inleiding(University of Pretoria, 2012) Willemse, Hein; van Wyk, StewardAdam Small het op 21 Desember 2011 sy vyf-en-sewentigste verjaardag gevier. Ter afwagting van hierdie geleentheid het die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands aan die Universiteit van Wes-Kaapland (UWK) in samewerking met Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 'n simposium met die titel "Adam Small: sy lewe en werk" op Vrydag, 7 Oktober 2011 aangebied. In die loop van sy lewe as 'n skrywer en akademikus was Small aan beide die UWK en Tydskrif vir Letterkunde verbonde. Die universiteit is in 1960 te midde van groot politieke omstredenheid opgerig en Small was aanvanklik die enigste swart lektor. In 1973 bedank hy sy pos as senior lektor in Wysbegeerte in simpatie met studente-eise vir 'n aanneemliker onderrigbedeling op die UWK-kampus. In 1984 keer hy terug as professor en hoof van die Departement Maatskaplike Werk. Twaalf jaar later tree hy uit die diens. Sy verbondenheid aan Tydskrif vir Letterkunde in die vroe� 1960s was van korte duur. Saam met 'n aantal jonger Afrikaanse skrywers wat later as die Sestigers bekend sou staan, was hy deel van 'n nuwe redaksie wat 'n vars benadering in die oudste Afrikaanse liter�re tydskrif wou blaas. Persoonlikheidsgeskille met die ouer garde van Tydskrif het egter daarvoor gesorg dat die voorgenome samewerking slegs een uitgawe sou duur. Met hierdie historiese verbintenisse is dit gepas dat die Small-simposium op die kampus van die UWK plaasgevind het en dat die voordragte in Tydskrif vir Letterkunde gepubliseer word.Item Afrikaans students� use of emojis(South African Academy for Science and the Arts, 2023) Donovan, LawrenceEveryday five billion emojis are used on Facebook Messenger, one out of every five Twitter messages contains an emoji and half of all Instagram comments have an emoji (Emojipedia. org, 2022). The use of emojis in online text messages has become increasingly prevalent in not only informal online interactions between family and friends, but also in formal contexts such as WhatsApp messages used in online learning. Over the last decade the use of WhatsApp has evolved from being used for informal interactions to being used as a platform for online learning and teaching in schools and universities. As a learning platform it has proved effective for using text messages to exchange information and knowledge and discuss lesson content. In this article a group of undergraduate Afrikaans students� use of emojis in three different contexts (interactions with friends and family, peers, and tutors; and lecturers) is examined to ascertain how the differentiation in context influences their use of emojis, how the use of emojis influences their online communication and how social presence in online learning is influenced using emojis.Item An intersectional study: Religion, feminism, identity and belonging in selected volumes of poetry(Tydskrif vir Letterkunde Association, 2024) Bonthuys, MarniReligion is a common theme in Afrikaans literature. Religious references are used in many ways—during the anti-apartheid struggle it was (for instance) employed to protest the actions of the government in literary texts such as poetry. Similarly, women poets use religion, which is usually associated with patriarchy, as a metaphor for struggles with identity and belonging. Spirituality and organised religion are also shown to be differing concepts with organised religion being the product of society which influences the position of different genders within its stuctures. Spirituality refers to something inherently human related to the individual’s personal belief system. In this article, religious reflections in poetry by three very different female poets will be explored as musings on how religion and belonging to a religious tradition are experienced. This will be done from the perspective of postsecular feminism, which does not revert to binary oppositions when discussing religion, but grapples with it in an intersectional way, as argued by Nandini Deo. An intersectional feminist approach will therefore be utilised to analyse selected poems of Lynthia Julius in Uit die kroes (From the kroes) (2020), of Corné Coetzee in nou, hier (now, here) (2017) and of Radna Fabias in Habitus (2018). Julius, a young black woman, and Coetzee, an older white woman, are Afrikaans poets whose work can be viewed as containing feminist ideas while also exploring the role of religion.Item ? Analise van die moeder-dogter-verhouding in geselekteerde werke van swart Afrikaanse vrouedigters(University of the Western Cape, 2020) Apollis, Teneal; van Wyk, S.Die moeder-dogter-verhouding is ? terugkerende en fassinerende tema in resente skryfwerk. Dit is die onderwerp van talle wetenskaplike navorsingsartikels, maar tog het dit tot dusver min aandag ontvang in die Afrikaanse letterkunde. Die verwikkelde moeder-dogter- verhouding is ? deurlopende tema in die werk van drie swart Afrikaanse vrouedigters, nl. Ronelda Kamfer, Jolyn Phillips en Shirmoney Rhode. Elkeen plaas ? eiesoortige fokus daarop. Die dimensies van hierdie verhouding word ontleed aan die hand van die psigoanalise soos deur Freud en Lacan uiteengesit. Postkolonialisme as raamwerk word ook betrek omdat dit fokus op identiteit en die subalterne wat ? kerngegewe in die genoemde digters se werk is. Hierdie raamwerk stel egter beperkings wanneer die sielkundige aspekte ter sprake kom. Hierdie studie maak dus gebruik van ? eklektiese benadering waarin insigte uit beide teoretiese raamwerke benut word.Item ? Analise van die moeder-dogter-verhouding in geselekteerde werke van swart Afrikaanse vrouedigters(University of the Western Cape, 2020) Apollis, Teneal; van Wyk, S.Die moeder-dogter-verhouding is ? terugkerende en fassinerende tema in resente skryfwerk. Dit is die onderwerp van talle wetenskaplike navorsingsartikels, maar tog het dit tot dusver min aandag ontvang in die Afrikaanse letterkunde. Die verwikkelde moeder-dogter- verhouding is ? deurlopende tema in die werk van drie swart Afrikaanse vrouedigters, nl. Ronelda Kamfer, Jolyn Phillips en Shirmoney Rhode. Elkeen plaas ? eiesoortige fokus daarop. Die dimensies van hierdie verhouding word ontleed aan die hand van die psigoanalise soos deur Freud en Lacan uiteengesit. Postkolonialisme as raamwerk word ook betrek omdat dit fokus op identiteit en die subalterne wat ? kerngegewe in die genoemde digters se werk is. Hierdie raamwerk stel egter beperkings wanneer die sielkundige aspekte ter sprake kom. Hierdie studie maak dus gebruik van ? eklektiese benadering waarin insigte uit beide teoretiese raamwerke benut word.Item Current manifestation of trauma experienced during forced removals under apartheid: interviews with a former �VLAKTE� inhabitant(University of the Western Cape, 2010) Kannemeyer, Renee Allison Hector; Krog, AntjieMuch has been researched in South Africa about the trauma of losing one�s home, one�s community and rebuilding one�s life in a new environment. Several books have been published tracking the lives of the forcibly removed and their responses to leaving District Six. My research focuses on a different group namely those who had been forcibly removed from the centre of Stellenbosch, called �Die Vlakte� during that time.Living and working with and among people who have experienced this removal, I was keen to research whether the impact of the trauma is currently manifesting in this specific community and if so, what the symptoms would be. This qualitative inquiry focuses on one particular individual, Mr. Hilton Biscombe. I selected him because he, who experienced the removal as a teenager, spent most of his later life determinedly collecting stories and documents relating to this incident. Mr.Biscombe is also the only person of whom I am aware who responded personally through compiling a book, making a DVD, writing poetry as well as an autobiography relating to this event. My inquiry into the ways trauma manifests in a narrative, will be based on two interviews: one conducted by a white man from the University of Stellenbosch thirty years after the event; and another interview, six years later, conducted by myself.Our understanding of trauma is usually associated with a death or injury or the possibility thereof, but it could also include the victim�s response to extreme fear, serious harm or threat to family members. According to van der Merwe and Vienings, people also become traumatized when witnessing harm, physical violence or death or the sudden loss or destruction of a victim�s home (van der Merwe & Vienings, 2001).So the issue of trauma is not in question, nor the fact that forced removals cause trauma. I am exploring testimony in the form of interviews for possible current manifestations of this trauma thirty-six years down the line.Item Die Afrikaner-intellektueel in krisis: 'n dialektiese ondersoek na 'n faset van Karel Schoeman se Na die Geliefde Land en die Hemeltuin(University of the Western Cape, 1984) Willemse, Heinrich S.S.; Gerwel, G.J.Die studie neem - in hoofstuk een - tot probleemstelling dat Karel Schoeman se outsider-karakters nie noodwendig draers van 'n eksistensieel-metafisiesie belewing is nie. Die karakters is nie, soos vry algeneem aanvaar word, te verklaar deur persoonlik-individualistiese karaktertrekke niw. Die outsider-karakter kan teruggevoer word tot die vertrouenskrisis tussen Afrikaner-skrywer en Afrikaner-hegemonie.Item "Harlekijns in den bonten stoet"? 'n Herbesoek aan die vroee komiese poesie in Afrikaans(SAVN, 2013) Van Zyl, Wium�Harlequins in a pied parade�? A revisit to early comic poetry in Afrikaans Some South African newspapers and individuals considered the so-called �Patriot movement� or First Afrikaans Language Movement�s efforts to transform �the taal� into a literary medium a joke. Quite ironically, part of the movement�s cultural campaign was based on the production and encouragement of poetical jokes and light verse. This article firstly deals with the reception and evaluation of this corpus of humorous poems in the history of Afrikaans literature, secondly it explores the relations of this cultural manifestation with the context of 19th century European cultural nationalism and thirdly examins its connections with the broader Dutch and international literary landscape of the time.Item Identiteit en seksualiteit in die debuutromans van Kirby van der Merwe en Clark Accord(Alv-Tydskriffonds, 2003) van Wyk, StewardThis article analyses the debut novels of the Afrikaans writer Kirby van der Merwe and the Surinamese writer Clark Accord. It focuses on the representation of identity and sexuality to posit an image of the individual (specifically the black woman) and finds that ambivalence is displayed; on the one hand established conceptions on identity, specifically race, and sexuality are presented, whilst on the other hand, such notions are contested and / or broadened in the texts. The analysis is grounded in a quest for corresponding features in the (post)colonial experiences reflected in the literatures of two former Dutch colonies, South Africa and Surinam.Item Inrigtingsversorging van alkoholiste met spesifieke verwysing na die Avalon behandelingsentrum(University of the Western Cape, 1991) Kivedo, Basil David; du Toit, J.B.The purpose of this investigation is to determine how a group of selected institutionalized alcoholics react to a broad-spectrum model in regard to their perception of treatment, re-integration into community life and general rehabilitation. The method that was employed to achieve this goal is fivefold. Firstly alcoholics were placed within a theoretical perspective by focusing on the etiology, nature, extent and consequences thereof. Secondly the existing methods of treatment and the existing facilities available in South Africa were investigated. These two objectives were realized by means of a comprehensive literature study. Thirdly an empirical investigation was carried out of the policy and philosophical approach as well as the application of the multi-disciplinary methods of treatment at the Avalon Treatment Centre. Information in this regard was gained during visits to the Centre by means of personal interviews with the team applying the treatment as well as the respondents reacted to the treatment model by means of case studies. Data was obtained by conducting unstructured in-depth interviews with the respondents. By this means respondents were identified in terms of their personality configuration, marital, scholastic, professional, religious and socio-economic status. The respondents' drinking behaviour is focused on in order to determine patterns and tendencies in the development of the respondents' drinking problem. The researcher also followed up the respondents' behaviour over a period of two years to determine their re-integration within the community as well as their total rehabilitation. Valuable information about the respondents was gained during group therapy sessions and also meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous by means of participant observation. As member of Alcoholics Anonymous the researcher was part of the group and on an equal footing with the respondents. The advantage this held was that the researcher was accepted by the group and information was passed on without inhibitions. Fifthly the findings, conclusions and recommendations resulting from the whole investigation are set out. From the investigation it would appear that the problem of alcoholism, especially in South Africa is serious and escalating. In the light of this, there is a growing need for effective treatment. In spite of intensive treatment with complete abstinence general, degenerate as the aim of the treatment, the respondents, in because of denial, resistance to treatment, personality and social configuration and also poor re-integration, reacted poorly to treatment. The present specifically be sharpened establishment study shows that institutional treatment and as applied by the Avalon Treatment Centre can in order to be more effective. The of a more realistic perception of alcoholism among alcoholics per se is foremost. A more "enlightened" view of alcoholism is pleaded in terms of which alcoholism would be viewed as a non-stigmatised illness responding to treatment. The possibility that there will be a greater willingness on the part of alcoholics to submit to treatment is visualised. A more positive image of treatment centres should be created while the problem of alcoholism must be approached with a greater measure of sensitivity. Treatment should be of such a nature that it should emphasize and reinforce a positive self-image, pride in oneself and dignity. A more extensive programme of treatment that would include an exploratory project and longitudinal research is pleaded. The desirability of involving other key figures, important persons in the alcoholics life, and institutions as well as community organizations proposed with The traditional emphasis should helping fall services is re-orientation and education in order on sensitising, to achieve a more positive perception and understanding of alcoholism within the community. This study will hopefully stimulate further research in this direction.Item John Miles, Kroniek uit die doofpot, polisieroman : �n dekonstruktiewe leesoefening(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Van Reenen, Sandra Elizabeth; Van Zyl, W.J.This dissertation concerns itself primarily with deconstruction theory and a number of readings of this novel within the ambit of deconstruction. According to Derrida there is not a single deconstruction and in response to this remark this study undertakes more than one deconstructive reading of the same novel. These different readings are introduced by a preliminary reading of the paratext and a cryptic reading which acknowledges the fragmentary nature of this novel. Hereafter a deconstruction of the novel follows in two phases, of which the first phase focuses on the process of its production. The non-fictitious documents on which the novel is based are revealed and exposed as building blocks during this reading. The second phase of the deconstructive reading is divided into two parts. The first part is based on Derrida�s dredging machine metaphor which introduces and illustrates the concept of random reading. During this phase the novel is acknowledged and read as an intertextual reconstruction. The non-fictitious documents are acknowledged as an archive within the context of recent as well as less recent South African history which serves as intertexts along with other texts. The second part of the second phase involves a reading of this novel as an anti- Hegelian text. Hegel�s concepts of the state and law are brought into the reading process. The reading focuses on the Apartheid State, the police force as an instrument of the state, and offers a critique on the discriminatory laws and the Constitution of the time period within which the novel is contextualised.Item Met 'n diepe verlange, Hermann Giliomee: book review(University of Pretoria, 2007) van Wyk, StewardMet 'n diepe verlange is Catherine Willemse se outobiografiese vertelling wat sy geskryf het om, soos sy dit stel, "vir my en my man Stephen se nageslag 'n bietjie meer sekerheid oor hulle afkoms te gee".Item "Met de realiteit op een persoonlijke voet" -- po�tika, tematiek en tegniek in die po�sie van Judith Herzberg(2005) Le Roux, Cornelia Christina; Van Zyl, W.JItem Mulat-estetiek: �n Analise van Adam Small se dramas(Taylor & Francis, 2004) van Wyk, StewardOpsomming In hierdie artikel word die dramakonvensies van Adam Small ondersoek met besondere aandag aan perspektiewe op die mulat as �n sosiale gegewe. Hierdie element bied �n gepaste invalshoek omdat dit enersyds �n verskynsel is wat Small in sy dramas en ander skryfwerk aansny en daar andersyds �n uitgebreide literatuur bestaan waarin oor die dramatiese, lewensbeskoulike en liter�r-teoretiese inkleding daarvan besin word. Die werk van onder andere Langston Hughes en Derek Walcott word ondersoek om �n leesstrategie te ontwikkel waarmee die Small-teks geanaliseer kan word.Item 'n Eklektiese model vir die onderrig van Afrikaans as derde taal aan swart tersi�re leerders(University of the Western Cape, 1997) Swartz, Annemarie Elize; Van De Rheede, IDie soeke na effektiewe metodes om 'n tweede/derde taal te onderrig en leer, is al eeue lank 'n fokus van taalnavorsing. In die tweede helfte van hierdie eeu het die ontstaan van tweedetaalverwerwing as 'n spesifieke studiefokus gelei tot 'n beduidende verbreding van navorsing op die terrein van toegepaste en psigolinguistiek. Hierdie navorsing het 'n wye verskeidenheid tweedetaalonderrigmetodes opgelewer, maar min eenstemmigheid is bereik oor watter benadering as suksesvol beskou kan word. Wat wel algemeen aanvaar word, is dat geen universele model vir tweede-/derdetaalleer bestaan of ooit gevind sal word nie, aangesien elke groep taalleerders uniek is ten opsigte van hul hehoeftes en verwante omstandighede. Hierdie insig beklemtoon dat die gebruik van statistiese data wat uit empiriese ondersoeke verkry is om tot gevolgtrekkings te kom ten opsigte van effektiewe tweedetaalonderrig en -leer in die algemeen, ongeldig is. Dit verklaar die huidige neiging in tweedetaalnavorsing om eerder van kwalitatiewe metodes gebruik te maak in die vorm van aksienavorsing, waarvan die gevolgtrekkings minder veralgemeenbaar is, maar as meer geldig binne 'n spesifieke konteks beskou kan word. Hierdie studie maak gebruik van bogenoemde aksienavorsingsmetodes om die problematiek rondom die onderrig en leer van Afrikaans as derde taal aan te spreek. Die leerders wat as 'n heterogene teikengroep in hierdie studie dien, is swart volwasse studente met spesifieke behoeftes en gesindhede ten opsigte van die teikentaal en wat 'n verskeidenheid kulture verteenwoordig. Wat die groep wel in gemeen het, is 'n byna nul-kennis van Afrikaans - wat impliseer dat die term derde taal en vreemde taal in hierdie konteks as sinoniem gebruik kan word. Hierdie navorsing behels 'n omvattende literatuurstudie oor tweede- en derdetaalonderrig en -leer, wat die rol van kulturele en affektiewe faktore by tweedetaalverwerwing insluit. Op grond hiervan word 'n model vir die onderrig en leer van Afrikaans as derde taal voorgestel, beskryf en bespreek, gevolg deur 'n beskrywing van die praktiese implementering daarvan met die klem op die verskillende taalaktiwiteite wat gebruik is. Die kwalitatiewe data wat uit hierdie aksienavorsing verkry is, dui aan dat, binne die genoemde konteks en perke van hierdie studie, 'n aangepaste vorm van die sogenaamde kommunikatiewe benadering tot tweedetaalonderrig en -leer wel die taalbehoeftes van die gegewe teikengroep met welslae aangespreek het. Spesifiek is gevind dat formele taalonderrig 'n belangrike rol speel in di� benadering; dat kulturele en affektiewe faktore in ag geneem behoort te word by die keuse van kursusinhoud en die ontwerp van materiaal, en dat die taaldosent kennis behoort te neem van die verskillende kognitiewe prosesse en leerstyle wat leerders moontlik sal gebruik voordat op 'n spesifieke kursusstruktuur en didaktiese benadering besluit kan word Voorts word die gebruik van 'n modul�re/tematiese benadering ten opsigte van die ontwerp van kursusmateriaal aanbeveel om die leerders se belangstelling, motivering en taalvaardigheid te bevorder. Ten slotte word die noodsaaklikheid van 'n eklektiese model vir derdetaalonderrig en -leer bevestig, om die spesifieke behoeftes en unieke omstandighede van elke groep taalleerders te akkommodeer.Item �n Geskiedenis van Afrikaans as kerktaal: Van altaar tot kansel(University of Pretoria, 2022) de Vries, AnastasiaThis contribution shines a critical light on the representation of Afrikaans as a language of the Church in external histories about the development and advancement of the language, inclusive histories particularly. It seems the history of Afrikaans within a Christian or Church context has escaped the critical attention which since the 1970s created awareness of the politicisation of and silences in the history, and the way in which the history is documented. Therefore, the history of Afrikaans as a language of the Christian faith is still told from an exclusively white Reformed perspective and held as a 20th century phenomenon, despite research pointing to its usage in the Moravian Church (Genadendal) in the 18th century and the Anglican Church in the 19th century. Though various denominations are included in socalled inclusive histories, it is done in a manner that suggests the dominance of the white Reformed Churches.Item n Interseksionele lees van Bettina Wyngaard se misdaadtrilogie (An intersectional reading of Bettina Wyngaard�s crime-fiction trilogy)(University of the Western Cape, 2021) Ess, Courtneigh; Bonthuys, MarniBettina Wyngaard se misdaadfiksie-trilogie, bestaande uit die romans Vuilspel (2013), Slaafs (2016) en Jagter (2019) het �n vernuwende uitwerking in die Afrikaanse literatuur gehad. Dit kan hoofsaaklik teruggevoer word na die skrywer se gebruik van �n (swart) lesbiese protagonis. Wyngaard is ook die eerste swart Afrikaanse vroue-outeur wat haar tot hierdie genre gewend het. Haar misdaadtrilogie toon �n sentrale bemoeienis met die vroulike subjek se ondergeskikte posisie as deurgaans onderdruk weens verskeie identiteitsaspekte (waaronder ras, gender, klas, seksualiteit, kultuur en nasionaliteit tel). Die simbiotiese verhouding tussen identiteit en mag is dus �n prominente tematiek in die trilogie. Hierdie bemiddeling tussen identiteit en mag toon raakpunte met die interseksionaliteitsteorie soos voorgestel deur Kimberl� Crenshaw (1989). Sy voer aan dat subjekte onderdruk word deur die tussenspel van identiteitsmerkers en sisteme van onderdrukking wat inherent is daaraan. In hierdie verhandeling word die representasie van die vroulike subjek in Wyngaard se misdaadtrilogie uit �n interseksionele invalshoek in o�nskou geneem. Vanwe� die gebruik van literatuur as subjek van analise in hierdie verhandeling, word swart feministiese denkskole oor die letterkunde ingereken as ontledingsinstrumente om Wyngaard se trilogie binne die ruim trajek van swart feministiese fiksie te posisioneer. Terselfdertyd word Wyngaard se subjektiwiteit as swart vroue-outeur krities bekyk omdat sy deur middel van haar tekste verantwoordelik is vir beeldskepping en voorstellings van vroulike subjekte. Aangesien Wyngaard se fiksie dikwels identiteitsaspekte ondervang wat verband hou met haar eie subjektiewe identiteit, sal die wyse bekyk word waarop selfdefini�ring en selfaktualisering in haar trilogie tot stand gebring word.Soos reeds genoem, het Wyngaard grense in die Afrikaanse letterkunde versit deur haar tot misdaadfiksie as genre te wend. As deel van popul�re fiksie, staan misdaadfiksie tradisioneel bekend as �n behoudende genre met �n resepmatige onderbou wat, s� beskou, nie gebruik word om progressiewe argumente in te voer nie. Hierdie aspek van die genre staan dus o�nskynlik in kontras met die feministiese aard van Wyngaard se misdaadfiksie-trilogie. In hierdie verhandeling word gevolglik ook die funksionaliteit van genre en die impak daarvan op die beeldskepping van die vroulike subjek bekyk. Maniere waarop Wyngaard gevestigde genrekonvensies oorskry in �n poging om feministiese benaderings te berde te bring, word in die besonder bestudeer.Item n Kritiese evaluering van die sosio-ruimtelike implikasies van die Lentegeur hospitaalkompleks.(University of the Western Cape, 1993) Saayman, Daniel Bernardus; Redlinghuis, A CDie fokuspunt van hierdie studie is die impak van die Lentegeur Hospitaal op die plaaslike inwoners. Omdat daar gewoonlik 'n stigma aan geestesinrigtings kleef, wou daar met hierdie studie vasgestel word wat die inwoners se persepsie van die Lentegeur Hospitaal is. Dieselfde konsepte waarmee Dear (1980) gewerk het, is ook in hierdie studie gebruik, nl. afstandsverval, ruimtelike esternaliteitsveld, intensiteit, impak en eksternaliteitsbron. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is van beide kwalitatiewe (onderhoude) en kwantitatiewe (vraelyste)' navorsingsmetodes gebruik gemaak om die empiriese data te verkry. Deur altwee metodes te gebruik, word die beperkinge van 'n enkele metode ten minste gedeeltelik oorkom. Sodoende kon die persepsies van die plaaslike inwoners ten beste verwoord word. Alhoewel daar ook na ander perspektiewe gekyk word, vorm die politiek-ekonomie die dominante teoretiese raamwerk. Hierdie paradigma dien as 'n verwysingsraamwerk waarbinne die toestande in 'n land soos Suid-Afrika bestudeer kan word; en wat ook verklaringsmoontlikhede bied vir die politieke en ekonomiese ongelykhede in die land. Die belangrikste bevindinge van hierdie ondersoek is soos volg: Die oorheersende persepsie van die inwoners ten opsigte van die hospitaal is positief. Dus is die aanname dat geestesinrigtings noodwendig 'n negatiewe impak moet h�, deur hierdie studie verkeerd bewys. Alhoewel gemeenskapsleiers die noodsaaklikheid van 'n algemene hospitaal gepropageer het, was niemand gekant teen Lentegeur Hospitaal nie. Hierdie positiewe ingesteldheid teenoor die hospitaal kan tot 'n groot mate toegeskryf word aan: die aantreklike struktuur van die inrigting; die fasiliteite van die hospitaal wat aan die inwoners beskikbaar gestel word; die feit dat die hospitaal 'n belangrike werkverskaffer is; en en baie van die inwoners behandeling by die hospitaal ontvangItem 'n Ondersoek na die armoede-diskoers en die uitings patriargie, bloedskande en apartheid in Triomf van Marlene Van Niekerk(University of the Western Cape, 1996) Hoogbaard, Sherrilyn; Hattingh, Marion; Coetzee, Ampie'n Ondersoek na die armoede-diskoers en die uitings patriargie, bloedskande en apartheid in Triomf van Marlene Van Niekerk.Item 'n Ondersoek na die verskynsel literere spanning aan die hand van Deon Meyer se roman Proteus(University of the Western Cape, 2016) De Vries, D.W.; Van ZYL, W.J.In these novels suspense plays an important role, but elements that are usually found in literary works are also prominent in these narratives, for instance the fleshing out of characters' psyche and working with philosophical or current issues. In rhetorical terms these novels can be said to be suspense novels that make use of literary devices and themes. Novels by Deon Meyer fit into this category. In the Netherlands translations of his works are to be found among 'literaire thrillers' in bookshops. Therefore one of Meyer's novels was chosen for analysis. In this study the ways in which suspense is created in a narrative text is investigated. Proteus, a literary thriller, was chosen for its handling of characters and events in the transition in South Africa from an apartheid state to a democratic dispensation. This poses an intricate challenge for the writer. The reseach problem posed is this: How is literary suspense created in a narrative text? The creation of suspense in a narrative text has to do with literary communication. For this reason Roman Jakobson's well-known model for literary communication is at the basis of this research. Rene Appel's criteria for the creation of suspense in narrative texts, as it is explained in his work Spanning in verhalen: Over het schrijven van spannende boeken (2007), is also part of this study at its theoretical base. Various relevant sources have been included in this regard. In this formalistic study various elements pertaining to suspense in the narrative are part of the research in terms of isolating the ways in which suspense is produced in a narrative text in general and specifically in the case of Proteus. Also in this regard the novel's literarity is discussed.