Department of Public Administration

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    A critical analysis of monitoring and evaluation systems for small and medium enterprises: With specific reference to Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN)
    (University of the Western Cape, 2017) Ilori, Emmanuel Olatomide Idemudia; Ile, Isioma Uregu
    The significance of small, micro, and medium enterprises (SMEs) development cannot be overemphasized because it plays a considerable role in a nation's economy particularly in developing countries. SMEs' contributions include job creation, expanding the means of sustainable livelihoods and ensuring impartial distribution of wealth amongst citizens. This study evaluates monitoring and evaluation systems, policy and programmes of the Small Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) to develop and transform the informal sector of the economy. The main purpose of the establishment of SMEDAN is to facilitate the promotion and development of a structured and effective small and medium enterprises sector that will provide informal employment for unemployed, and enhance sustainable livelihood and economic development in Nigeria. Unemployment and increased poverty levels are key challenges to the government of Nigeria, which has resulted in socio-economic and political unrest across the nation. Against the background of high unemployment rate, especially amongst the youth and the deteriorating fortunes of small and medium businesses in Nigeria, questions can be asked in relation to current initiatives and policies to support SME sector.
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    A public participation perspective of the process of post-settlement support in Elandskloof
    (University of the Western Cape, 2017) Titus, Andries; Esau, Michelle
    Since the dawn of South African democracy in 1994, extensive laws and policies have been introduced to facilitate transformation in the political, social and economic spheres. While South Africa has been lauded world-wide for its detailed and sophisticated constitution, many cases attest to the challenges of implementing the stipulations of the constitution, laws and policies. Arguably, constitutional rights and entitlements do not automatically result in a better life for ordinary citizens post-apartheid. Moreover, restitution processes towards addressing the atrocities of apartheid are fraught with challenges. The process of land restitution is an example that illustrates the numerous challenges in implementing laws and public policies in South Africa. Restitution is one of the three pillars of land reform - the other two are land redistribution and land tenure reform - that were introduced by the African National Congress (ANC) -led government to secure land rights to black people in South Africa. Land reform is essential to bring about political and economic development and the South African government has committed itself to transforming land ownership to reflect the democratic realities and to redressing the history of dispossession and exclusion suffered by the black majority of South Africans. While the transfer of land and settlement of claims have been processed gradually, growing evidence shows that this does not simply translate into development, poverty reduction or reconciliation.
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    Accounting for economic disparities in financing municipal infrastructure in South Africa: a case study using data from the Cape Winelands District Municipality
    (University of Western Cape, 2011) Josie, Mervyn Jayaprakash; Bardill, John; Marysse, Stefaan
    In this thesis I argue that by taking account of economic disparities and backlogs in intergovernmental infrastructure grants to municipalities in South Africa, government will effectively meet its constitutional obligation to equitably allocate infrastructure grants to local government according to the principles of parity, proportionality and priority (Young, 1994). Municipalities will thus be able to provide basic services to households in keeping with the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of South Africa (1996). Adapting the Petchey et al (2004) provincial capital expenditure grant model to the provision of municipal services using secondary data and information from local municipalities in the Cape Winelands District, I evaluate whether government’s existing municipal grants are allocated equitably and, whether they account for disparities that differentiate municipalities from each other. The findings from my analysis show that the current approach to financing municipal infrastructure does not sufficiently account for disparities and thus, undermines the requirement for equitability, adequacy and efficiency of intergovernmental allocations. Consequently, the right of citizens to basic municipal services is compromised and the macroeconomic structure is weakened. Furthermore the institutional arrangements for local government autonomy is undermined because municipalities cannot ensure stability, predictability, flexibility and economic efficiency of infrastructure budgets. As municipalities receive part of their finance from national government through infrastructure grants, I used data from five local municipalities to examine the extent to which there is equitability and efficiency in the way this finance is allocated. To this end I constructed and applied a composite disparity index for each municipality to my adapted municipal infrastructure grant model to analyze and observe the impact of economic disparities in grant allocations. The findings show that a grant model that accounts for economic disparities satisfies the constitutional, economic and institutional considerations that should inform municipal grant allocation decisions. I conclude the thesis by highlighting the limitations and possibilities of using a municipal infrastructure grant model that accounts for economic disparities and, I propose some recommendations for applying such a model in South Africa.
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    Administrative culture and the performance of accountability institutions in public organizations: An analysis of the implementation of anti-corruption strategies in Kenya
    (University of the Western Cape, 2018) Onyango, Gideon; Tapscott, Christopher
    The pursuit of bureaucratic accountability and regulatory controls through political-administrative reforms have become problematic in contemporary public management. Public sector corruption, in particular, is identified as one of key endemic problems associated with the administrative structures, norms and processes in many states across the world. This is despite implementation of otherwise apposite accountability or regulatory reforms in public administration. More especially, in emerging economies in the global South. Using an analytical framework derived from organization theory and neo-institutionalism, this thesis examines the implementation of anti-corruption strategies as key composite of accountability reforms in public administration in Kenya. The broad objective of the study was to assess the impact of administrative culture in the implementation of anti-corruption strategies in governmental institutions, with a particular focus on how political-administrative designs, environments and culture influence compliance systems, the reporting of organizational wrongdoing, and the normalization of corruption in both the public sector and outside it. It also sought to establish the extent to which the administrative culture in public administration can influence the work of accountability institutions and the way in which they implement of anti-corruption strategies. The investigation also looked at the effect of devolution reforms on accountability systems at the level of local government and the complexities in inter-governmental coordination and control to which this has given rise.
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    An analysis of the annual financial statements of the Department of Health in the Western Cape Province from the 2001/02 to 2014/15 financial years.
    (University of the Western Cape, 2017) Davids, Dustin Joshua; Pretorius, Leon G.
    Oversight is of critical importance in the modern day South African dispensation. With the limited annual fiscal allocations to departments, millions of South Africans are dependent on the state for much needed services. That is, from the outside viewpoint. However, from the inside view (of the Department), financial management is just as important. Without the proper management of funds, one finds that service delivery will be limited. Moreover, the predetermined objectives of the Department might not be realised. This mini-thesis probes the internal financial and governance oversight of the Western Cape Department of Health (WCDoH) by the allocated body of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament, namely the Standing Committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA). This study is premised on the question of whether the WCDoH can withhold valuable information from SCOPA in order to NOT be subjected to critical scrutiny. The other element of research is whether the SCOPA members have the necessary skill which is required to conduct oversight over the WCDoH. This mini-thesis investigates the accountability tool of the WCDoH, namely the annual reports, over a 14 year period. The financial statements of these reports are analysed through the use of financial ratios, in order to ascertain whether SCOPA has conducted proper and effective oversight over the WCDoH. This is due to the fact that the WCDoH receives the largest part of the fiscal allocation of the Western Cape Government's budget. Thus, it is important to see the extent to which SCOPA conducted oversight over the WCDoH. The WCDoH is allocated its budget every year during the month of March when the appropriations budget is scrutinised by the Budget Committee of WCPP, and thereafter either supported or rejected by the relevant Standing Committee. The budget of the WCDoH has never been rejected by its relevant Standing Committee. However, SCOPA takes over the oversight reigns once the WCDoH's budget is put in use, which is normally from April that particular year. From thereon, SCOPA calls the WCDoH to various hearings to account for its expenditure.
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    Assessing sick leave absenteeism among public sector workers: a case study of nurses at Groote Schuur Hospital: 2012 and 2013
    (University of the Western Cape, 2015) Lees, Samii Carl; Ruiters, Greg
    Nursing is a vital part of the health care delivery system, but managers of health care facilities worldwide are increasingly asked to “do more with less”. Nurses are under increasing work pressure and this often manifests in stress and conflict at work and possible absenteeism. Very few researchers have focused on the patterns of absenteeism among different demographics, length of service and occupational strata. The main question this research seeks to answer is: what is the extent and costs of absenteeism amongst nurses and do seniority, length of service and demographic factors matter at Groote Schuur hospital (GSH). Confined to a period of two years, 2012 to 2013, this study draws on a data set of about 1,635 nurses in order to provide a more accurate analysis of sick leave trends showing occupational levels, gender, age, and race. Nurses at GSH are predominantly female and almost 55% of the workforce is classified as “Coloured”. African nurses in general are younger than the Coloured, White and Indian nurses. The research shows that the nurses in age category 60-66 in fact have a better attendance record; but the data shows there is no overall correlation between years of service and absenteeism. The study suggests that contrary to assumed views, absenteeism is well managed at GSH.
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    ASSESSING THE STATE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE WESTERN CAPE: THE CASE OF BEAUFORT WEST MUNICIPALITY (2016 – 2019)
    (University of the Western Cape, 2019) Phendu, Sipho; Davids, Gregory
    It is often argued that public participation is the cornerstone of constitutional democracy especially in countries such as South Africa with the history of segregation which was characterised by the exclusion of the majority of citizens from the decision-making processes of the state based on race, class and gender. As such, following the introduction of the various pieces of legislation in 1994, the dominant narrative was that the progressive laws that were passed would serve as a ‘panacea’ to the challenges of participatory governance in South Africa. It was inconceivable that 25 years into democracy, South Africa would still be grappling with the concept of public participation and the extent to which citizens could influence, direct and own decisions made by and with government especially at a local level. This study assessed the state of public participation in the Western Cape focusing on Beaufort Municipality in the Central Karoo District. It argued that public participation is a prerequisite for democratic governance and that the state could be deemed illegitimate if it does not prioritize the involvement of communities in its affairs. In this context, a particular focus was placed on the effectiveness of the ward committee system (as state sponsored mechanisms of public participation) in enhancing participatory democracy in Beaufort West Municipality. It refuted assumptions on the institutional arrangements made in the legislative framework governing public participation and ward committees – identifying and outlining some of the unanticipated consequences of these pieces of legislation. The study used qualitative research methods to collect data. Primary and secondary data was gathered to assess the state of public participation in the Western Cape with specific reference on the effectiveness of the ward committee system and the role of legislative and regulatory framework governing public participation, the institutional architecture and the roles of various stakeholders involved in public participation. The primary data was gathered through structured interviews and questionnaires while the secondary data was collected the analysis of the literature on public participation and ward committees including municipal reports, guidelines on public participation, legislation and policy frameworks. The research found that it is precisely the state sanctioned ward committee system that has contributed to the collapse of public participation in South Africa. The ward committee system was identified as a ‘poisoned chalice’ - so compromised that it has become an instrument to legitimise predetermined decisions of the politically connected elite, a rubber v stamp platform to comply with the policy and legislative framework. To address this problem, the study recommended a number of measures and interventions that could be introduced which entails the reconfiguration and overhaul of the legislative framework governing public participation and ward committees including the review of the role of politicians in public participation, training and capacity building, allocation of dedicated budget for public participation etc.
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    An assessment of social capital in rural Ethiopia: The case of Aresi and Menze
    (University of Western Cape, 2021) Tamirat, Fikrewold Yeneneh; Thompson, Lisa
    This dissertation explored the degree and distribution of social capital forms-social networks, volunteer associations, generalized trust, particularized trust and norms of reciprocity in rural Ethiopia. It aims to contribute to the academic understanding of social capital formation in Africa. Whereas the extent of literature focused on uncovering difference in the distribution of social capital at macro, meso and micro levels, this dissertation instead unpacks how political and economic conditions in rural Ethiopia shape the extent of the different forms of social capital at different levels.
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    An Assessment of Social Capital in Rural Ethiopia: The Case of Aresi and Menze
    (University of the Western Cape, 2021) Thompson, Lisa; Tamirat, Fikrewold Yeneneh
    This dissertation explored the degree and distribution of social capital forms-social networks, volunteer associations, generalized trust, particularized trust and norms of reciprocity in rural Ethiopia. It aims to contribute to the academic understanding of social capital formation in Africa. Whereas the extent of literature focused on uncovering difference in the distribution of social capital at macro, meso and micro levels, this dissertation instead unpacks how political and economic conditions in rural Ethiopia shape the extent of the different forms of social capital at different levels. Aresi and Menze are selected for the case-study based on their representation of rural Ethiopia's ecological, language, and ethnicity, historical and religious diversity. A household survey (n = 735) was conducted to uncover the distribution of social capital forms at the individual, regional and aggregate levels. Eight focus group discussions and ten key informant interviews were conducted to unpack why the different forms of social capital unfold the way they do. The qualitative interviews were also used for validating the result of the household survey by uncovering how institutional and structural factors reconstituted and redefined at the local level and translated into social capital formation. The empirical result revealed that social networks and norms of reciprocity are the most important social capital apects in the study areas. At the same time, trust relations and formal networks (volunteer organizations) are the least important aspects of social capital. However, over time, community-organization has become an alternative venue where community members relate and support each other. Thus, network-based and community-based social capital are the principal social capital forms in the study areas. This result is largely inconsistent with the previous studies that have been conducted in developed and democratic countries which have asserted generalized trust and impersonal civic organizations as the major forms of social capital, rather than localized and interpersonal forms of social capital. The fact that different forms of social capital are present in different contexts with different levels of importance shows that forms of social capital do not necessarily articulate together. Moreover, the variation in the relative importance of social capital forms shows that the production of social capital is shaped by the prevailing political and economic conditions. Thus, this dissertation makes the case that it is necessary to distinguish among the different forms of social capital both in theory and practice.
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    An assessment of the impact the Disaster Management Act had in the education sector of South Africa during a pandemic: A case study of Northlink College in Cape Town (2020 – 2022)
    (University of the Western Cape, 2022) Bonito, Cassey; Makiva, Msuthukazi
    This study assesses the impact of the Disaster Management Act, Act 57 of 2002 of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the education sector in South Africa, with specific reference to the Protea Northlink College, Cape Town. The study is vital as the education sector was badly hit by the pandemic through regulations designed to contain its spread. Sudden closure of schools countrywide, with no mechanisms in place to assist continuation of teaching and learning, left the education sector in dissaray. The challenge was that many of the schools had to scramble for different systems of ensuring that teaching and learning goes unhindered.
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    An assessment of the performance management system for senior managers at Chris Hani district municipality
    (2021) Sotenjwa, Fundiswa Patience; Okbandrias, Meron
    This study examines the implementation of the Performance Management System (PMS) in local government, with specific reference to municipalities in the Chris Hani District in the Eastern Cape. The research is premised on the assumption that even though a PMS has been adopted in municipalities with the aim of assisting them to function effectively, municipalities in the Eastern Cape, particularly in Christ Hani District, continue to experience performance challenges. The study presupposes that the implementation of the performance management system at the municipality, whether effective or ineffective, has a direct relationship with the performance of the municipality. The study includes a historical overview of local government with the aim of understanding government reforms introduced to assist municipalities to build their capacity to enable them to perform well. It utilises purposive sampling to identify the most appropriate participants based on the research objectives. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a review of relevant documents. As part of the analysis, summaries of the responses of interviewees were written in a meaningful way in line with the thematic areas determined in accordance with the research objectives. The municipality uses the Balances Scorecard as a performance management tool to determine the performance level of individuals and to detect areas that need corrective measures across the local municipalities. There are inconsistencies in the implementation, depending on how well the particular local municipality is resourced. In any municipality, the effective implementation of the PMS requires the municipality to reward excellent performers, which requires increases in the personnel budget to cater for monitory rewards.
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    An assessment of the social consequences of water management devices on the poor in Samora Machel, Cape Town
    (University of the Western Cape, 2014) Ntwana, Bukiwe; Thompson, Lisa
    This study assesses the social consequences of water management devices in poor households in Samora Machel, a poor urban area characterised by high levels of unemployment and poverty. South Africa is currently faced with an increase in the roll out of water management technologies, mainly in poor areas, allegedly to manage water demand and help poor households manage their water consumption and prevent wastage. The water management device (WMD) limits access to the free basic water (FBW) allocation and automatically cuts it off when the allocation is finished. In 2009/2010 the City of Cape Town started rolling out the devices in Samora Machel, which previously used the conventional water meter that supplied the area with unlimited water access. WMDs limit water access to 350 litres of FBW per day. People living in Samora Machel claim that 350 litres is not enough and they are experiencing problems of frequent water cuts even before the allocated litres are used up. There have also been water leaks ever since the installation of the devices. Section 27(1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, entrenches the right of access to sufficient water. The WMDs are criticised for infringing the right of access to sufficient water supply to poor households by leaking, cutting off water supply frequently and by limiting access to FBW supply. Moreover, critics argue that the WMDs are not water-demand management mechanisms; they are cost-recovery mechanisms that are introduced under the neo-liberal policies introduced by the post-apartheid government in 1994. This criticism is based on the fact that the WMDs are implemented in poor areas only, where water is needed more for basic survival, rather than in high-income areas, where water is mostly used for luxury purposes.
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    A bioinformatics approach to the study of the transcriptional regulation of AMPA glutamate receptors (GRIAs) and genes whose expression are co-regulated with GRIAs
    (2009) Chong, Allen K.S.; Bajic, Vladimir
    It was postulated that each gene has three main sets of transcriptional elements: one which is gene-specific, one which is family-specific, and a third which is tissue-specific.The starting hypothesis for this project had been: “Each family of genes has a distinct set of transcriptional elements that is unique onto this family”. The primary aim of this project was therefore the identification of the family-specific set of transcriptional elements within the AMPA receptor gene family. The question then is how does one measure or identify this uniqueness within the promoters of this family of genes. The answer seemed to lie in making an assessment of the promoters of this family of genes against a background of a comprehensive set of promoter sequences and in the process,to try to find the transcriptional elements that were present in the AMPA receptor gene promoters but were not so common in the general population of gene promoters.To achieve the primary aim of this project, it was essential that a comprehensive dataset of promoter sequences was available. There are ample data freely available through the web. However, it is often not available in a form that we might want it in. Another problem that one constantly encounters is the lack of general consensus among the research community in agreeing on a standard annotation. For example, a gene can sometimes be given 2 or 3 different names by different laboratories which have successfully cloned the same gene. This, in turn, hinders the data collection process. At the start of this project, there was an existing curated database of experimentally-verified eukaryotic promoter sequences called the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) and a software called Promoter Extraction from GenBank (PEG) which, as its name implies, extracts promoter sequences available through GenBank (Cavin Périer et al., 1998;Zhang & Zhang, 2001; Praz et al., 2002; Schmid et al., 2004). However, limitations existed in both these resources. For EPD, the number of curated promoter sequences available was low and also, the length of these promoter sequences was short. For PEG,the main limitation was that the extraction from GenBank would result in extraction of sequences of variable lengths.Therefore, the 5’-end Information Extraction (FIE)system was developed for the expressed purpose of collecting promoter sequences without the limitations of PEG. This software relies on the alignment of multiple mRNA/cDNA sequences that are representative of a gene on the human genomic sequence to determine the transcription start site (TSS) of the gene and thus, with this information, extract the promoter sequence for the gene from the available human genomic sequence. This was the first promoter extraction software to work on this principle (Chong et al., 2002). This method was later supported by experimental work carried out by Coleman and colleagues (2002). Using the FIE2 software (Chong et al.,2003), some 10,000-odd human promoter sequences was extracted, starting at 1500bp uptream and ending at 1000bp downstream of the 5’-most TSS.Following the collection of the human promoter sequences, the approach developed by Bajic et al. (2004) was applied to study the promoters of the AMPA receptor genes. This approach relies on both the MATCH program to map putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) to the promoter sequences and a software developed by Bajic etal. (2004) that calculates to the density for each TFBS or composite element. Having calculated the densities for the TFBSs and composite elements for both the target promoters (in this case, the AMPA receptor gene promoters) and the background promoters (the 10,000-odd human promoters), the software then calculates the degree of over-representation of each TFBS and composite element in the target promoters(measured against the background promoters) and then ranks the “singles”, “pairs” and “triplets” in the order of their degree of over-representation. Using this method, I identified the top 3 ranked “single”, “pair” and “triplet” transcriptional elements found commonly within the AMPA receptor promoters. In addition, a conventional phylogenetic footprinting study was also carried out for the human, mouse and rat GRIA1 promoter to identify key transcriptional elements within this subunit’s promoter.While the approach developed by Bajic et al. (2004) identifies key family-specific transcriptional elements, the phylogenetic footprinting study helps identify key genespecific transcriptional elements. Thus, they complement one another.The approach developed by Bajic et al. (2004) yielded an interesting result. It was found that the combination of the top 3 ranked “single”, “pair” and “triplet” transcriptional elements found in the AMPA receptor promoters were also found in 47 other genes. It was postulated that these 47 genes might, in fact, be co-regulated / co-expressed with the GRIAs and thus, explaining the existence of a shared promoter profile with the GRIA promoters. In support of this hypothesis, supporting evidence was found in published literature that 7 of these 47 genes (VAMP4, Rab3B, FKBP8, 3-OST-3A, CLSTN3,SOCS1 and IκBβ) might indeed be involved in the expression and functioning of the AMPA receptors.
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    The centralisation of government departments in Northern Province, 1994-1998.
    (University of the Western Cape, 1998) Mukheli, Azwidowi; Mphaisha, C.J.J
    This study is an investigation of how the policy of centralising government departments of the former homelands affected various stakeholders in the province. There is general concern from the people of this former homelands that there is poor service delivery in these areas since the creation of the new provincial government. In attempt to cover social, economic and, political impacts of centralisation, data were gathered through face to face interview, mailed questionnaires and, telephone interviews. The study concluded that there is a great need of devolving power to the former homelands which are now called regions in the province, as an attempt of bringing back service to where people are. In a calculated move to use the offices in the former homelands, the government may also remove the pietersburg components of government departments which are not critical to the functions of headquarters and place them in Venda, Gazankulu and, Lebowa.
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    Challenges of community policing in service delivery to the hearing-impaired community: A case of Worcester saps
    (University of the Western Cape, 2010) Christians, Ernst; Esau, Michelle
    The purpose of the study is to establish if community policing is being implemented in terms of service delivery to the hearing-impaired community by Worcester Police Service and, if so, to what extent. The study aims to establish whether the full implementation of community policing could be expected to build a positive partnership with the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. Further, a detailed discussion of community policing is embarked upon. This section provides a theoretical account of what community policing entails, as well as a theoretical framework against which the researcher's empirical study, with regard to the implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service, can be planned, executed and results thereof evaluated. It deals with the relevant historical perspectives, presents a workable definition for community policing that will direct further conduct of the research, and provides detailed discussions on each of the elements of community policing. Implementation of this method of policing with specific reference to the police service and strengthening the partnership between police and the hearing-impaired community is to encourage consultation and proper communication that may enhance service delivery. The results of the study are furthermore presented and it is concluded that certain steps have been taken by Worcester Police Service towards the institutionalisation of community policing. The full implementation of community policing by the Worcester police service can be expected to have a significant improvement on service delivery to the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. In closing, the reader is presented with practical recommendations that will ensure the effective implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service.
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    Challenges of community policing in-service delivery to the hearing, impaired community: a case of Worcester saps
    (University of Western Cape, 2010) Christians, Ernst; Esau, Michelle
    The purpose of the study is to establish if community policing is being implemented in terms of service delivery to the hearing-impaired community by Worcester Police Service and, if so, to what extent. The study aims to establish whether the full implementation of community policing could be expected to build a positive partnership with the hearing impaired community of Worcester. Further, a detailed discussion of community policing is embarked upon' This section provides a theoretical account of what community policing entails, as well as a theoretical framework against which the researcher's empirical study, with regard to the implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service, can be planned, executed and results thereof evaluated. It deals with the relevant historical perspectives, presents a workable definition for community policing that will direct further conduct of the research, and provides detailed discussions on each of the elements of community policing. Implementation of this method of policing with specific reference to the police service and strengthening the partnership between police and the hearing-impaired community is to encourage consultation and proper communication that may enhance service delivery. The results of the study are furthermore presented and it is concluded that certain steps have been taken by Worcester Police Service towards the institutionalisation of community policing. The full implementation of community policing by the Worcester police service can be expected to have a significant improvement on service delivery to the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. In closing, the reader is presented with practical recommendations that will ensure the effective implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service'.
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    Challenges of policing in the new millennium: a case of Nyanga SAPS
    (University of the Western Cape, 2000) Ngadlela, Mqondisi Abner; Bardill, John
    The Beginning of the paradigm shift in policing in the South African Police was first seen in 1993 when the concept of Community Policing was first introduced. The South African Police Service that was formed through the Police Act 68 of 1995 subsequently adopted Community Policing as a Corporate Strategy of the organisation. There is a question as to whether some of the efforts reflect the necessary elements of community policing or are merely reactions to a contemporary political thrust for police reform. This study seeks to critically analyse the challenges and contradictions in Community Policing in terms of strategy and organisation. Nyanga SAPS will be use as the case study. Nyanga is one of the Police Stations in the so-called Black Township that has been engulfed by Community-Police conflicts since the democratic dispensation came into existence in South Africa. The highest point of this animosity saw certain people within the community between 1998 and 1999 reporting criminal activities to Taxi Operators rather than to the police. This study will be approached through gap analysis. The author will first describe the desired state of affairs in terms where the SAPS should be, in relation to reform policies put in place by the government. This will be followed by the analysis of the present situation in Nyanga, which will highlight the shortcomings. Then the study will put forward recommendations which should address the identified shortcomings. Based on that, the strategy that should inform policing in the new millennium will be developed. The author will recommend an African approach to policing as it has become apparent that the policing approaches are different for different countries and different communities. The author will propose full participation of the public in policing, in terms of determining policing priorities in their areas.
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    Challenges of public participation in the implementation of portable toilets in South Africa: A case study of Makhaza area in Cape Town, Western Cape Province (2011-2015)
    (University of the Western Cape, 2018) Bob, Thandile; Makiva, Msuthukazi
    This research critically sought to conduct a study, to find out whether there was public participation prior to the installation of portable flush toilets (porta potties) in Makhaza Area, Khayelitsha, during 2011-2015. A discussion of a theoretical framework on public participation and decision making forms the basis upon which this study is grounded. The study proceeded to explore public participation in public policy in the local South African context with a specific focus on the legislative environment. To gather information, a maximum number of 30 households in the area of study were interviewed using the technique of purposive sampling falling under non-probability sampling. The selected participants have a distinct connection with the phenomenon under research, and adequate and significant living knowledge of public participation, but have not participated in the process of public participation. Furthermore, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were followed in order to enrich the study deeply.
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    Citizenship, transport and the working poor and unemployed in Khayelitsha since 2010
    (University of the Western Cape, 2022) Jacobs, Kevin; Ruiters, Gregory
    The largely peaceful, negotiated transition to a political democracy in South Africa was heralded internationally as a modern day miracle. However, the new democratic government also committed itself to equal citizenship, nation building and the social inclusion of all groups oppressed under apartheid. The dismantling of the apartheid state and the accompanying advancements in democracy have however not been matched by the redress of structural inequalities, elimination of separate development, land ownership, housing, migrant labour legacies and achieving inclusive socio-spatial changes. In this context, this mini-thesis examines transport and location as vital elements for building inclusive social citizenship among residents of Khayelitsha, Cape Town’s most populated far flung informal settlement.
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    Co-management of marine resources as an instrument to facilitate conflict resolution in HAWSTON
    (University of Western Cape, 1998) Murugan, Poobalan; Schulz, Carl-Erik
    The living marine resources of South Africa belong to the people of the country. With a steady growth of the human population and the subsequent increased demand for food, it is imperative that the resources of our waters are managed for the optimal social and economic development of all South Africans. The ownership of the resources are vested in the state and it is, therefore, the state's responsibility to ensure that the chosen form of fisheries management promotes both sustainability and equity.