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The NSFAS financial assistance programme: Implementation and challenges for students studying at a previously disadvantaged university
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Johnson, Ebrain; Makiva, Msuthukazi
A large number of previously disadvantaged students depend on financial assistance from the government, to cover education-related expenses, for the duration of their studies. Financial assistance for students, at higher learning institutions comes in the form of loans, sponsorships, or bursaries. The ultimate aim of these resources is to address the financial burden so that a strong focus on academic performance goes unhindered. This research aims to investigate the financial assistance programme, particularly its implementation, and challenges for students studying at a previously disadvantaged university. The study basically sought to solicit the perception of students about the impact and value National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) assistance adds to their (students) experience at a previously disadvantaged university. A qualitative approach was used to solicit information on students’ perspectives, regarding the phenomenon of the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with students for the collection of data. The results of the interviews revealed that the change in the NSFAS system had an impact on student’s life, academically and financially. Findings that came out of the research obtained that the (a) NSFAS system change from decentralised to centralised was to have a direct approach from donor to recipient, but other challenges arose from this process (b) the NSFAS grant and the scheme requirements differed, as these were tightened to rather unintentionally frustrate the students, making the NSFAS aspirations, undesirable (c) NSFAS being placed under administration to ensure the effective management of the scheme, added to numerous challenges (d) as such, students expressed their dissatisfaction with the ill-considered management of the funding scheme as the outcome of it was hardly realised. It would be best to closely examine NSFAS programmes and their impact
Challenges in the devolution of implementation of the employment equity act: case study of Helderberg municipal office in the city of cape town (2014-2019)
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Fani, Chuma; Makiva, M
It cannot be denied that there has been an improvement in demographic representation in the workplace in South Africa since the implementation of equity employment laws, especially the Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998. While acknowledging the need for improvement regarding challenges tied to employment equity implementation, it must also be recognized that there has been some degree of progress in terms of increasing representation among those who have faced disadvantage. This research paper explores the challenges associated with implementing the Employment Equity Act at the Helderberg municipal office. The rationale for conducting a research study on the implementation of the Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998, lies in the need to evaluate and understand its effectiveness in promoting equal employment opportunities and combating workplace discrimination in South Africa. This legislation was enacted to address historical imbalances, fostering diversity, and ensuring fair representation in the workplace. By investigating the implementation of this Act, the study aims to assess whether the intended objectives have been achieved, identify any barriers or challenges encountered in its implementation, and propose recommendations for improvement. Through a comprehensive examination of the Act's impact, this research study can contribute valuable insights to policymakers, organizations, and stakeholders involved in the pursuit of equitable and inclusive workplaces in South Africa. This research paper employed the normative and empirical approach for data collection. The normative approach involved analysing the legal framework and policy guidelines that govern employment equity in South Africa, particularly in the municipality. It included examining the Employment Equity Act, its regulations, and related policies such as the Skills Development Act, 97 of 1998. The empirical approach involved collecting data on the implementation of employment equity at the Helderberg municipal office. It included conducting scheduled open-ended questionnaires with an identified sample, such as human resources managers and employees, to understand their perceptions of employment equity practices at the municipality.The qualitative method of data analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire transcripts and other qualitative data collected during the research. This involved identifying themes and patterns in the data to gain insights into how employment equity is being implemented at the municipality, and the challenges its implementation is met with. Amongst some of the key findings of the research is that the City of Cape Town operates a centralized government system. This type of system can present several disadvantages for implementing employment equity in the workplace. Some of the key drawbacks are lack of local context, delayed decision-making, a one-size-fits-all approach, compliance challenges and limited stakeholder engagements. Another finding was that the City of Cape Town had not reviewed or updated its employment equity plan since its inception in 2005. This posed a challenge for the municipality because they continue to struggle with attracting skilled employees from the designated groups. The Employment Equity Act would be best applied if more focus is robustly placed on identified challenges.
Housing dilemma? An exploratory study on the illegal disposal of free government houses by the poor in various areas within the City of Cape Town.
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Anvia Linda Lesch; Dr M. Makiva
South Africa has a long-standing housing crisis and a growing backlog, following colonialism and apartheid. South Africa has made significant strides to ensure residents have a right to access adequate housing. First, the state has ensured that housing legislation and policies were developed to give effect to this right. Second, the state ensured legislation was put in place to prohibit the illegal sale of free government houses. Yet, the government faces the dilemma whereby poor community members in various areas within the City of Cape Town (CoCT), are still disposing of their homes for different reasons. Therefore, the research study seeks to explore and understand the different reasons why the poor within the CoCT, do not utilize the free government houses that were allocated to them, and as a consequence deepens the housing problem. The study also seeks to examine the legislation, policies and mechanisms in place to prohibit the illegal disposal of free government houses within the CoCT. The study is grounded on the public policy implementation and public value theory. Furthermore, the study is based on secondary qualitative research methods. Extant literature was used to collect data. The findings of the study revealed the following main reasons behind the illegal disposal of government houses; poor location of government projects, need for cash often tied to unemployment, various financial costs associated with homeownership, such as municipal service charges, travelling costs, maintenance costs, and other costs, such as purchasing of furniture or home appliances. Furthermore, in certain instances beneficiaries returned to their birthplace or rural areas, in other instances, beneficiaries returned to informal settlements or backyard dwellings. The findings indicate that both the Housing Amendment Act of 2001 and the CoCT Allocation Policy: Housing Opportunities do not stipulate any punitive measures, as well as, who and how the pre-emptive clause should be monitored by the CoCT. As a result, the pre-emptive clause compels beneficiaries to illegally sell their government houses because they cannot sell it any other way, which undermines their ability to realise the true value of the house. The study found that the government’s own legislation, policies and mechanisms perpetuate the very activity it was designed to prohibit and monitor
The impact of internal migration on housing shortage and affordability: the case of Cape Town, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Oluwaseyi Olatundun, Efuntoye; Okbandrias, Meron
Cape Town faces a significant housing shortage and affordability challenge, a situation exacerbated by internal migration dynamics. Internal migration in South Africa is driven primarily by regional disparities at the macroeconomic level and a fundamental dearth of employment opportunities, resulting in suboptimal living conditions among diverse socioeconomic strata. Urbanization in South Africa is a pressing concern, characterized by uncontrolled growth in slums and informal settlements and a persistent inadequacy of suitable housing options. Within this context, this study examines the ramifications of internal migration on housing shortages and affordability in Cape Town. This study is motivated by a United Nations projection, which predicts that South Africa will see an increase in the urban population, with an estimated 71.3% of the population residing in urban areas by 2030. This projection underscores the importance and relevance of the present study. To comprehensively grasp the impacts of internal migration on housing, this study draws on three theoretical frameworks: the Migration-Residence (M-R) model theory, the Push-Pull-Mooring Migration Model (PPM model), and the Agglomeration Theory. It employs mixed methods that encompass both qualitative and quantitative research techniques, and analyzes secondary data using descriptive statistics. The findings highlight how internal migration significantly affects urbanization, housing demand, and sociopolitical inequalities in Cape Town. Multiple factors, including a robust local economy, internal migration flows, and a flourishing tourism sector, collectively contribute to this phenomenon. Furthermore, the research reveals Cape Town's attractiveness as a destination for internal migrants, exerting considerable strain on its infrastructure, public services, job markets, and availability of affordable housing. Considering these findings, the principal recommendation of this study pertains to the incentivization of private sector investors and developers through initiatives that support housing affordability and shortage reduction. Establishing partnerships and fostering collaborations are proposed as strategic avenues to stimulate engagement in affordable housing initiatives, thereby ameliorating the prevailing housing crisis.
Nursing personnel administration within a hospital
(University of the Western Cape, 1980) Thompson, Rosalie A.E; Beekman, Jan
The nurse qualified in the area of administration occupies a position with immense scope and potential in the profession and society. The task of senior nursing management is a matter of balancing and reconciling the values and aims of the organization with the values, aims, and professional aspirations of the nursing staff, and of related and interdependent groups of health professionals, while creating and gaining commitment to a wider concept of the service and the nurses' role in it. The balancing and reconciling of organizational, occupational, service, and educational demands with individual aspirations and expectations are delicate but essential if all available resources are to be optimally deployed. Success in the latter marks out an effective manager though it is difficult to measure this success. I believe this many-sided accomplishment is vital, for surely all philosophy, education, and research within nursing is valid ultimately only in its actual application to clinical practice. Professional nurses, fulfilling various degrees of administrative functions, are to be found in all areas and levels of nursing. It is the role of the upper echelons of Nurse Administrators (Matrons) in large, general teaching hospitals that this thesis will be focused on.
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in the provision of sanitation services in a South African Informal Settlement: A Case study of Isiqalo Area, in Cape Town
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Magadla, Noluvuyo; Makiva, M
The study investigates the efficacy of participatory monitoring and evaluation about sanitation service delivery rendered by the City of Cape Town in the Isiqalo informal settlement. The problem is that though the municipality (the City of Cape Town) provides sanitation infrastructure like bucket toilets, porta potties, and chemical waste toilets to this informal settlement in line with the constitution Act 108 of 1996 and these bucket toilets are supposed to be collected on a specific day in a week. Interestingly, this collection process does not happen consistently as these toilets are not regularly emptied. This irregularity in the collection of the buckets has emerged as a problem/challenge as these residents are forced to deal with human excrement for weeks with no alternative place to relieve themselves. This is de-humanising and requires in-depth investigation. In this light, this study seeks to understand how the involvement of the community through participatory monitoring and evaluation of sanitation services in the Isiqalo informal settlement can enhance the regularity of the removal of these bucket toilets. This is crucial since participatory monitoring and evaluation seeks to ensure that communities have a strong arm and means to hold the government accountable for service delivery in their communities.
Indigeneity and political identity: A study of the contemporary legacy of the hamitic hypothesis in Mali
(University of the Western Cape, 2023)
The limited investment of the colonial authority into the development of the colony and its people are sometimes offered as explanation for why African states seem to fail at the democratic project. This together with the arbitrary manner within which colonial borders were drawn without regard for culture and ethnicity have been touted as the main reason for violent upheaval and political instability. While this may be true it is nonetheless insufficient to explain, understand and describe the embeddedness of violence within various states on the continent. The thesis will counter the conception of violence in Africa as only an economic colonial legacy and will instead argue that the violence and political instability is also a product of complex identity formation. It is argued that specific historical contexts and narratives create identities. The creation of this will be explored and explained through the narrative of the Hamitic Hypothesis. The Hamitic Hypothesis is a theory of race and culture which was used, adapted, and promulgated by the colonial authority as it helped to explain and legitimate the practice of colonial rule.
Immigration and social cohesion: Examining lived experiences and relations between locals and immigrants in Philippi, South Africa (2008-2017)
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Mutukwa, Rutendo Nesta; Okbandrias, Meron
It is essential that local authorities are aware of community needs and the required levels of service delivery in each geographic area in South Africa in order to facilitate quality of life for citizens. The focus of the study was to understand the immigration and social cohesion phenomenon. With the aim of identifying what contributes to lack of cohesion in townships occupied by both foreign migrants and locals. And to explore what exactly causes the xenophobic attitude and violence, and what actions might contribute to an amelioration of this attitude. The thesis answers the essential questions on what structural and institutional barriers that affect the quality of social relations between the two groups.
Provision of education in an abnormal society: Impact of gangsterism and violence in Cape Flat schools
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Qwetha-Daza, Zimkhitha; Davids, Gregory
The research focus on, understanding the impact of gangsterism and factors of violence on education within the Cape Flats schools. Security at schools is beginning to obtain consideration in South Africa as expressed in various media reports. Schools are places of teaching and learning and can only deliver their educational mandate in safe and secure conditions, free from injuries, crime, and violence South African Schools Act, (No. 84 of 1996). Basic school safety and security features are therefore essential at schools. This is not the situation and schools are functioning within a dysfunctional society, which has a direct impact on the provision of education. The Cape flats in particular, had been in the news of late, because of reported and unreported incidents of deaths, injuries, crime, gangsterism and violence that seem most prevalent in township schools (De Wet, 2016). By understanding and analysing nature and factors of violence in Cape flats schools, could result in educational policy change and approaches on teaching and learning methodologies.
Gender equality in the workplace and how it impacts on the organisation’s operations: A case study of the University of the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Petersen, Liezel; Davis, G
This study focusses on the impact of gender equality on the workplace and its operations and how it has evolved within the organisation. South Africa, historically, was a patriarchal society and male dominance was the social accepted order. This was evident in all spheres of society and women generally were relegated to a subservient role. This was particularly evident in the place of work where artificial glass ceilings were created for women. The workplace is mostly male dominated and they hold these senior positions. Women on the other hand hold positions such as cleaners, administrators and supervisors but rarely occupy senior and executive positions. This prevailing social construct stems from the patriarchal belief and societal cultural values. The prevailing practices therefore, in places of work, reflected the prevailing societal value system.
Transformation in secondary education: A case of a technical high school in the Western Cape Province
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Siyo, Wendy Thandiswa; McGhie, Venicia
This study was about the provision of secondary education to learners in a rural agricultural community in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It was about how the curriculum and the learning environment were made conducive to meet the learners’ educational needs. The aim was to investigate whether social transformation occurred at the school. The objective was to determine to what extent social transformation was taking place and, if there were challenges, to propose suggestions on how the learners’ educational needs could be met so that the learners would complete their secondary schooling.
Exploring cross-border security issues at selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) borders and borderlands: Beitbridge and Kosi Bay
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Moyo, Inocent; Matshanda, Namhla
Cross-border migration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region is regarded as a cross-border security issue that has often ignited anti-immigration sentiments in countries like South Africa. In particular, there is increasing debate in South Africa over the porosity of its borders with Zimbabwe and Mozambique and how this has led, not only to cross-border security issues, but also threatens the socio-economic and political stability of South Africa. There is a perception that the porous borders provide a breeding ground for a plethora of criminal and illegal activities such as human smuggling and trafficking, cross-border transportation of contraband and violence which undermine South Africa`s sovereignty and territorial integrity. These are legitimate concerns which have motivated border securitisation through the establishment of the Border Management Authority (BMA).
Challenges of community policing in-service delivery to the hearing, impaired community: a case of Worcester saps
(University of Western Cape, 2010) Christians, Ernst; Esau, Michelle
The purpose of the study is to establish if community policing is being implemented in terms of service delivery to the hearing-impaired community by Worcester Police Service and, if so, to what extent. The study aims to establish whether the full implementation of community policing could be expected to build a positive partnership with the hearing impaired community of Worcester. Further, a detailed discussion of community policing is embarked upon' This section provides a theoretical account of what community policing entails, as well as a theoretical framework against which the researcher's empirical study, with regard to the implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service, can be planned, executed and results thereof evaluated. It deals with the relevant historical perspectives, presents a workable definition for community policing that will direct further conduct of the research, and provides detailed discussions on each of the elements of community policing. Implementation of this method of policing with specific reference to the police service and strengthening the partnership between police and the hearing-impaired community is to encourage consultation and proper communication that may enhance service delivery. The results of the study are furthermore presented and it is concluded that certain steps have been taken by Worcester Police Service towards the institutionalisation of community policing. The full implementation of community policing by the Worcester police service can be expected to have a significant improvement on service delivery to the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. In closing, the reader is presented with practical recommendations that will ensure the effective implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service'.
An exploratory study on the career stages and the career development needs of the Namibian police
(University of the Western Cape, 2004-05) Shililifa, Wycliff; Bardill, John
This exploratory study seeks to critically explore human resources development with regard to the career needs and stages of the Namibian Police (NAMPOL). Documents were perused on the issue of the current human resources development and its relevancy to the training and development within the Namibian Police. questionnaires were completed by a representative sample of NAMPOL officials from different departments of the police. Interviews were also conducted with selected officials on training and development of personnel. Recommendations are given as a model for improving the Namibian Police human resources development system as an effective training and capacity building system for members of the police force to perform their tasks effectively.
Citizenship, transport and the working poor and unemployed in Khayelitsha since 2010
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Jacobs, Kevin; Ruiters, Gregory
The largely peaceful, negotiated transition to a political democracy in South Africa was heralded internationally as a modern day miracle. However, the new democratic government also committed itself to equal citizenship, nation building and the social inclusion of all groups oppressed under apartheid. The dismantling of the apartheid state and the accompanying advancements in democracy have however not been matched by the redress of structural inequalities, elimination of separate development, land ownership, housing, migrant labour legacies and achieving inclusive socio-spatial changes. In this context, this mini-thesis examines transport and location as vital elements for building inclusive social citizenship among residents of Khayelitsha, Cape Town’s most populated far flung informal settlement.
An assessment of the impact the Disaster Management Act had in the education sector of South Africa during a pandemic: A case study of Northlink College in Cape Town (2020 – 2022)
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Bonito, Cassey; Makiva, Msuthukazi
This study assesses the impact of the Disaster Management Act, Act 57 of 2002 of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the education sector in South Africa, with specific reference to the Protea Northlink College, Cape Town. The study is vital as the education sector was badly hit by the pandemic through regulations designed to contain its spread. Sudden closure of schools countrywide, with no mechanisms in place to assist continuation of teaching and learning, left the education sector in dissaray. The challenge was that many of the schools had to scramble for different systems of ensuring that teaching and learning goes unhindered.
Transformation of the social welfare service in the Western Cape: Geriatric day care as an/alternative to institutional care in Mitchell's Plain
(University of the Western Cape, 2001) Maintz, Caron; Mphaisha, Chisepo J. J.
This Research Report focuses on the services delivered to the aged in our society. In particular, it looks at two State-subsidised old age homes in Mitchell's Plain on the Cape Flats that accommodate about 350 people. The central argument is that the present facilities available to them are inadequate, raising the need for the exploration of alternatives to institutional care. The objectives of the study were fivefold, namely, to investigate the need for community-base d services within traditionally Black marginalised communities; to investigate service centres as an alternative to institutional care in line with the proposed ideas of the White Paper on social welfare; to investigate the extent to which the bi ological, social and emotional factors of ageing contribute to lifestyle changes; to investigate how service providers can contribute to the emotional and social independence of the aged; and to recommend how t he model of service centres as an alternative to institutions can be implemented in Black communities. The methodology used included documentary analysis, personal interviews and the administration of a structured questionnaire. This combination of research techniques provided the researcher with valuable insights into factual information as well as the opinions and perceptions of the aged themselves. Above all, the researcher drew on her work experiences with the two old people's homes. The Research Report concludes that although some aged displayed apathy with regards to the establishment of a centre for the aged, there was a definite need for Geriatric Day Care in general and in Mitchell's Plain in particular. This would release families of the burden of caring for the elderly and would prevent and cure diseases that are often associated with old age.
Challenges of community policing in service delivery to the hearing-impaired community: A case of Worcester saps
(University of the Western Cape, 2010) Christians, Ernst; Esau, Michelle
The purpose of the study is to establish if community policing is being implemented in terms of service delivery to the hearing-impaired community by Worcester Police Service and, if so, to what extent. The study aims to establish whether the full implementation of community policing could be expected to build a positive partnership with the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. Further, a detailed discussion of community policing is embarked upon. This section provides a theoretical account of what community policing entails, as well as a theoretical framework against which the researcher's empirical study, with regard to the implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service, can be planned, executed and results thereof evaluated. It deals with the relevant historical perspectives, presents a workable definition for community policing that will direct further conduct of the research, and provides detailed discussions on each of the elements of community policing. Implementation of this method of policing with specific reference to the police service and strengthening the partnership between police and the hearing-impaired community is to encourage consultation and proper communication that may enhance service delivery. The results of the study are furthermore presented and it is concluded that certain steps have been taken by Worcester Police Service towards the institutionalisation of community policing. The full implementation of community policing by the Worcester police service can be expected to have a significant improvement on service delivery to the hearing-impaired community of Worcester. In closing, the reader is presented with practical recommendations that will ensure the effective implementation of community policing by Worcester Police Service.
How does the National Housing Policy of South Africa promote economic justice?
(University of the Western Cape, 2002) Boezak, Lynn; Gottschalk, Keith
Lack of adequate housing is a key feature of poverty in South Africa. After the first democratic election in 1994, Government has faced the challenge of reconstruction and development, particularly with regard to improving the living conditions of those most disadvantaged by Apartheid. Inheriting a housing backlog as well as a fragmented and discriminatory approach to housing policy, Government has sought to make adequate housing affordable to especially those with little or no income. This mini-thesis aims to assess the approach of Government to the housing crisis. It does so by evaluating the National Housing Policy in the context of key legislation and policies that have shaped Government's response to the onslaught of poverty. The Constitution, the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR) are the specific documents considered in terms of its impact on the nature of government's development priorities and its approach to addressing these priorities. The concept of economic justice is used as a basis on which to assess the Government policies in question. The Government's Subsidy Programme and its efforts to encourage private sector investment in housing are identified as the key strategies employed by Government to solving the housing crisis. The main conclusions are that in the context of unemployment and low incomes, the advantages of the Subsidy Programme are limited because the poor have a limited capacity to improve on the houses provided by the subsidy. Also the government relies too heavily on the private sector to provide housing. It is difficult to maintain consistent private sector involvement because this sector's primary motivation is profit and the low-income sector is considered a high risk investment. This is not an effective strategy in attempting to resolve the housing crisis. Furthermore, the benefits of the Subsidy Programme, while enhancing economic equity by targeting the very poor, are limited because it relies on the availability of supplementary resources for housing. The implications of these factors for economic justice are that the equity cannot be fully achieved while improvement in the poor's economic capacity moves at a much slower pace than their capacity to improve their social conditions, specifically with regard to housing. Much more investment in housing from Government is proposed. Initiatives that could be utilised more are the establishment of more public works programmes and savings-linked credit schemes. The mini-thesis concludes that the national housing policy promotes economic justice only to limited extent, because of the problems identified with the strategies to place more emphasis on mobilising alternative resources, which are difficult to achieve in the current economic context the country finds itself in.
Domestic Gun Control Policy in Ten Southern African Countries
(University of the Western Cape, 2003) McKenzie, Katharine Mary; Bardill, John
The proliferation of small arms and light weapons in southern Africa is wide spread, yet under researched. This research report sets out current debates with regard to small arms and domestic gun control and analyses the global and regional context. Debates about domestic gun control take place within both popular discourse and policy circles, and impact on one another. lnternationally and in domestic contexts the debate spans polar view points which see either the right to own and bear firearms as fundamental, or the right to life, bodily integrity and protection from firearms as fundamental. Between these extremes fall most domestic gun control policies and laws. Although international law regulates the usage of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, there is no international legal instrument regulating the use of small arms. At the same time small arms are responsible for fueling the majority of the world's conflicts, with 47 of the 49 major conflicts in the 1990s waged with small arms as the weapons of choice. Small arms are also responsible for over half a million deaths per year. The closest the United Nations has come to regulating this area is its adoption in 2001 of the "Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the elicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects". This Programme of Action, which also covers domestic firearm policy, is taken up by states on a voluntary basis only. ln southern Africa there is a growing awareness of the negative impact lax firearm controls have on regional security. Recent initiatives include the development by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) of a "Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials". This Protocol will enter into force once two thirds of the SADC members have ratified it. At present it has been ratified by seven states, while nine countries are required to ratify it for it to come into force. The varied approaches to domestic gun control policy and implementation are set out in a detailed account of gun control in 10 SADC states (Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe). Policy, legislation and practice are analysed for each country and the relationship between gun crime, legislation and policy explored. Recommendations for the improved management of firearms, both legal and illegal, are set out in conclusion. These include the need for deeper regional co-operation and integration to tackle the problem of small arms flows in the southern Africa; the need for greater harmony within the region's firearm laws in light of the impact policy in one state has on its neighbors; the need for a stronger role for legislatures particularly with regard to oversight; the need to monitor the impact of trade liberalization on the availability of small arms; and the need for more joint operations between states in southern Africa to eradicate stockpiles of illegal firearms and ammunition. The success of such operations has been proven with the recent success of the joint South African/Mozambican Operation Rachel.

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