Department of Xhosa

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    An analysis of official language policies and their relationship to everyday language use in multilingual bank settings in the Free State province
    (Universty of the Western Cape, 2023) Thango, Menzi Zamokwakhe; Kaschula, Russell
    This study intended to provide an analysis of the language use in the multilingual setting of banks in the Free State Province. The study further determined the status of African languages in the banking sector in relation to perceptions about the use of African languages when transacting and communicating in the banks. The study also highlighted the importance of language planning and policy in the banks. Mixed methods of conducting research, that is, qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed by the study, and questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to collect data. Banking clients and consultants were sampled randomly in the banks operating in the five cities/towns of the Free State Province, namely Bloemfontein, Harrismith, Welkom, Trompsburg and Sasolburg. The rationale for this study was that the use of English as sole language of business and communication in the banking sector has continued without being challenged, while African languages are not used. The language used by banks in their signage inside the banks, official documents such as loan contracts, agreements, investments, and savings documents are written in English, whereas the majority of customers at most banks are speakers of African languages
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    An analysis of official language policies and their relationship to everyday language use in multilingual bank settings in the Free State province
    (Universty of the Western Cape, 2023) Thango, Menzi Zamokwakhe; Kaschula, Russell
    This study intended to provide an analysis of the language use in the multilingual setting of banks in the Free State Province. The study further determined the status of African languages in the banking sector in relation to perceptions about the use of African languages when transacting and communicating in the banks. The study also highlighted the importance of language planning and policy in the banks. Mixed methods of conducting research, that is, qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed by the study, and questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to collect data. Banking clients and consultants were sampled randomly in the banks operating in the five cities/towns of the Free State Province, namely Bloemfontein, Harrismith, Welkom, Trompsburg and Sasolburg. The rationale for this study was that the use of English as sole language of business and communication in the banking sector has continued without being challenged, while African languages are not used. The language used by banks in their signage inside the banks, official documents such as loan contracts, agreements, investments, and savings documents are written in English, whereas the majority of customers at most banks are speakers of African languages
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    Blurred lines in AC Jordan’s novel ingqumbo yeminyanya (the wrath of the ancestors): a literary geography of factual and imaginary spaces
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024) Sebolelo Mokapela; Michael M. Kretzer; Russell H. Kaschula
    This article serves to fill a theoretical lacuna in African language literary scholarship. To date there have been very few literary geographic analyses related to South African literature and there are none that deal with African language literature. The purpose and objective of this article is to apply theoretical aspects of literary geography to an isiXhosa novel, ingqumbo yeminyanya. This novel, written by AC Jordan is perhaps the best known and most widely read and translated novel written in isiXhosa. The authors of this article aim to contribute to postcolonial studies by reading the novel of A.C. Jordan spatially, using Hones’s conceptual framework of the novel as a spatial event, considering the complex relationship between the author, the text, and the readers. The background of the author and the historical circumstances that surround the writing of the novel are also explored to see how Jordan’s own spaces are reflected in the novel through characterization and other techniques. The core focus of the article lies in the descriptions and relationship to real or imaginary or in-between spaces and places in relation to the research question, namely how space and places are depicted in ingqumbo yeminyanya, as part of the spatial event.
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    Challenges in translating RL Peteni�s Xhosa novel Kwazidenge into Afrikaans
    (South African Journal of African Languages) Neethling, Bertie
    In a multilingual country like South Africa, translation from one of the official languages into another plays a major role, particularly in the public sector or the public domain. The purpose is to inform the everyday citizen, through his/her mother tongue, about basic information relevant to the citizen�s general life. When it comes to literary translation, the context is different. English has slowly worked its way into being the most prominent language in South Africa at nearly all levels of life. Authors of literary works also realise that there is a prominent readership in English, both in South Africa and elsewhere, and if a work is written in one of the other 10 official languages, there are often attempts to have them translated into English. Few works, however, are translated from the indigenous languages into Afrikaans. Afrikaans maintains a fairly prominent adult readership aside from prescribed work at school. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the challenges facing a translator (in this case the current author) working from Xhosa (RL Peteni�s Kwazidenge) to Afrikaans (Roep van die ramshoring) in the context of literary translation, as well as the process followed by the publisher.
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    Indima yeeNdlela zokuCinga ngoLwimi, neNdlela olusetyenziswa ngayo kuGuqulelo oluya kwisiXhosa kwiSixekokazi seKapa neendawo ezisingqongileyo
    (University of the Western Cape, 2023) Ntwana, Thenjiswa; Kaschula, R.H.
    Njengenxalenye yoko kubhalwa kokusingqongileyo, iibhodisalathisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudluliseni ulwazi okanye ekukhumbuzeni abo bazifundayo ngezinto eziyimfuneko. Ukusukela ngowe-1994 uMzantsi Afrika uthathe igxathu elibonakalayo ukungciba iintanda zexesha langaphambili. Iilwimi zabaNtsundu ezazingaselwe so ngaphambili, kuye kwafuneka ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo njengezibalulekileyo nazo, zinikwe iwonga lokuba ziilwimi ezisemthethwethi njengesiNgesi nesiAfrikansi. Kufanelekile ke ngoko ukuba ngoku iimfuno zolwimi zabemi bonke zihoywe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kwisiXeko saseKapa kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu. Ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kulikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekwakheni ubudlelwane nokuhlalisana kakuhle koluntu, ekusekeni izixeko apho kungekho mntu ushiywa ngaphandle khona, nezikhuthaza ubambano nomanyano ngokumandla. Noko kunjalo, indlela egwenxa ekwenziwa ngayo iinguqulelo ezisuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kwisiXhosa kwiibhodisalathisi, idiza ngokumhlophe ukuba zisathe gqolo izivubeko kwicala lolwimi. Uninzi lweebhodisalathisi zikawonkewonke kwisiXeko saseKapa, zibonakala ziinkone ziimposiso kwaye zilahlekisa. Lo msebenzi wophando ugrumba uze uhlalutye iingcambu zezi mposiso. Umnqweno ngowokuba okufunyenwe kolu phando kukhanyise kubeke elubala konke malunga nezi ngxaki kuguqulelolwimi oluya kwisiXhosa – njengomba wokuba oku kungakhathali akunakuthathwa kancinane, kuba kubonisa ukunyhashwa
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    Indima yeeNdlela zokuCinga ngoLwimi, neNdlela olusetyenziswa ngayo kuGuqulelo oluya kwisiXhosa kwiSixekokazi seKapa neendawo ezisingqongileyo
    (University of the Western Cape, 2023) Ntwana, Thenjiswa; Kaschula, R.H.
    Njengenxalenye yoko kubhalwa kokusingqongileyo, iibhodisalathisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudluliseni ulwazi okanye ekukhumbuzeni abo bazifundayo ngezinto eziyimfuneko. Ukusukela ngowe-1994 uMzantsi Afrika uthathe igxathu elibonakalayo ukungciba iintanda zexesha langaphambili. Iilwimi zabaNtsundu ezazingaselwe so ngaphambili, kuye kwafuneka ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo njengezibalulekileyo nazo, zinikwe iwonga lokuba ziilwimi ezisemthethwethi njengesiNgesi nesiAfrikansi. Kufanelekile ke ngoko ukuba ngoku iimfuno zolwimi zabemi bonke zihoywe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kwisiXeko saseKapa kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu. Ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kulikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekwakheni ubudlelwane nokuhlalisana kakuhle koluntu, ekusekeni izixeko apho kungekho mntu ushiywa ngaphandle khona, nezikhuthaza ubambano nomanyano ngokumandla. Noko kunjalo, indlela egwenxa ekwenziwa ngayo iinguqulelo ezisuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kwisiXhosa kwiibhodisalathisi, idiza ngokumhlophe ukuba zisathe gqolo izivubeko kwicala lolwimi. Uninzi lweebhodisalathisi zikawonkewonke kwisiXeko saseKapa, zibonakala ziinkone ziimposiso kwaye zilahlekisa. Lo msebenzi wophando ugrumba uze uhlalutye iingcambu zezi mposiso. Umnqweno ngowokuba okufunyenwe kolu phando kukhanyise kubeke elubala konke malunga nezi ngxaki kuguqulelolwimi oluya kwisiXhosa – njengomba wokuba oku kungakhathali akunakuthathwa kancinane, kuba kubonisa ukunyhashwa
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    The portrayal of women in selected isixhosa creative works: implications for social justice
    (2024) Tshingilane, Nomakhwezi; Kaschula, Russell
    The study focuses on the portrayal of women in selected isiXhosa creative works and how it relates to social justice. More specifically, this study looks at gender inequality as shown in the way that women are reflected in literature. It appears that it is not only male characters who oppress female characters in these literary works, but women characters also enforce patriarchy on younger women. Older women, for example, believe it is their responsibility to pass on cultural traditions from generation to generation. Dress code, posture, seating positions, eating habits, home chores, sexual expression, voice tone and inflection, self-esteem, and self-concept are all factors to consider when analysing these creative works in relation to the entrenchment of patriarchy. People are placed on different psychological growth paths from the moment they are born. This involves the passing down of knowledge and values from a gendered perspective. There are barriers that women face, resulting in women being unable to assert their own positive selves and ideals. They are disempowered from offering their knowledge and experiences to enhance human understanding. Oppression of self-expression no doubt has implications for the attainment of social justice in society more generally. This thesis attempts to tease out these gendered societal perspectives in relation to selected isiXhosa literary works.
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    The portrayal of women in selected isixhosa creative works: implications for social justice
    (2024) Tshingilane, Nomakhwezi; Kaschula, Russell
    The study focuses on the portrayal of women in selected isiXhosa creative works and how it relates to social justice. More specifically, this study looks at gender inequality as shown in the way that women are reflected in literature. It appears that it is not only male characters who oppress female characters in these literary works, but women characters also enforce patriarchy on younger women. Older women, for example, believe it is their responsibility to pass on cultural traditions from generation to generation. Dress code, posture, seating positions, eating habits, home chores, sexual expression, voice tone and inflection, self-esteem, and self-concept are all factors to consider when analysing these creative works in relation to the entrenchment of patriarchy. People are placed on different psychological growth paths from the moment they are born. This involves the passing down of knowledge and values from a gendered perspective. There are barriers that women face, resulting in women being unable to assert their own positive selves and ideals. They are disempowered from offering their knowledge and experiences to enhance human understanding. Oppression of self-expression no doubt has implications for the attainment of social justice in society more generally. This thesis attempts to tease out these gendered societal perspectives in relation to selected isiXhosa literary works.