Department of Xhosa

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The accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa
(University of Western Cape, 2019) Mankayi, Mthobeli Emmanuel Siwaphiwe; Mletshe, L.K
This study evaluates the accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa version in four community radio stations, two from the Western Cape and two from the Eastern Cape. Community radio stations source their local news through interviews and eye witness accounts. They get other news-worthy stories through media releases from Government Communication and Information System (GCIS), Police stations, Municipalities, Royal houses and from the office of the president. Most of the time, media releases are written in English and they have to be translated into isiXhosa as they use a high percentage of isiXhosa as a medium of their broadcasting.
Blurred lines in AC Jordan’s novel ingqumbo yeminyanya (the wrath of the ancestors): a literary geography of factual and imaginary spaces
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Sebolelo Mokapela; Michael M. Kretzer; Russell H. Kaschula
This article serves to fill a theoretical lacuna in African language literary scholarship. To date there have been very few literary geographic analyses related to South African literature and there are none that deal with African language literature. The purpose and objective of this article is to apply theoretical aspects of literary geography to an isiXhosa novel, ingqumbo yeminyanya. This novel, written by AC Jordan is perhaps the best known and most widely read and translated novel written in isiXhosa. The authors of this article aim to contribute to postcolonial studies by reading the novel of A.C. Jordan spatially, using Hones’s conceptual framework of the novel as a spatial event, considering the complex relationship between the author, the text, and the readers. The background of the author and the historical circumstances that surround the writing of the novel are also explored to see how Jordan’s own spaces are reflected in the novel through characterization and other techniques. The core focus of the article lies in the descriptions and relationship to real or imaginary or in-between spaces and places in relation to the research question, namely how space and places are depicted in ingqumbo yeminyanya, as part of the spatial event.
Challenges in translating RL Peteni�s Xhosa novel Kwazidenge into Afrikaans
(South African Journal of African Languages) Neethling, Bertie
In a multilingual country like South Africa, translation from one of the official languages into another plays a major role, particularly in the public sector or the public domain. The purpose is to inform the everyday citizen, through his/her mother tongue, about basic information relevant to the citizen�s general life. When it comes to literary translation, the context is different. English has slowly worked its way into being the most prominent language in South Africa at nearly all levels of life. Authors of literary works also realise that there is a prominent readership in English, both in South Africa and elsewhere, and if a work is written in one of the other 10 official languages, there are often attempts to have them translated into English. Few works, however, are translated from the indigenous languages into Afrikaans. Afrikaans maintains a fairly prominent adult readership aside from prescribed work at school. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the challenges facing a translator (in this case the current author) working from Xhosa (RL Peteni�s Kwazidenge) to Afrikaans (Roep van die ramshoring) in the context of literary translation, as well as the process followed by the publisher.
A critical analysis of three selected themes in the isixhosa literary text: ngenxa yesithembiso
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Diko, Thina; Kaschula, Russell
This study chooses to be contemporary and relevant by systemaically, and carefully locating pertinent themes from a selected isiXhosa text titled Ngenxa Yesithembiso. In so doing, themes of corruption and money laundering, drug abuse and Gender- Based Violence (GBV) are the points of departure for this study. The process that is followed rests on the fact that South Africa is engulfed by many challenges and as such, isiXhosa literary texts ought to be regarded and accepted as ones that may potentially contribute to the process of addressing many South African challenges. The motive behind this study is presented, and the problematised phenomenon is argued for. Qualitative research methodology, alongside critical theory, is employed to advance the debates of this study. This is because isiXhosa literature fits within the arena of academic inquiry and therefore, it is prudent that a systemic technique and approach is utilised. Subsequently, the structure of the whole study is presented through a chapter outline. The reference list is available to ensure that the research ethics and the integrity of the university are met.
Face-work and identities in a discussion about xenophobia
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Anyona, Ondigi Evans; Bock, Zannie
International students arriving at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) from other African countries find themselves in a position of having to negotiate their identities and positions with their South African counterparts. The local students too are faced with the prospect of doing the same since they have to coexist with the former. This study aims to investigate how, in a discussion about xenophobia, a selection of UWC students perform face-work and negotiate or construct their identities as well as those of their coparticipants and position themselves in relation to each other. I was interested in exploring how the participants, who were representative of the two groups that clashed in the xenophobic attacks of 2008, would engage with each other while discussing this sensitive topic.The data was gathered during an open-ended discussion among four UWC postgraduate students in a casual, relaxed setting (my room on campus). The transcribed data was then analyzed using a combination of theoretical frameworks from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Discourse Analysis. In particular, the SFL theory of modality(Halliday 1994) and Engagement (Martin and White 2005) and Goffman�s (1999[1967]) notion of face were used as tools of analysis.The analysis reveals that participants use a variety of linguistic choices and discourse strategies to maintain face during the discussion of this sensitive topic of xenophobia. The participants make an effort to take care of each other�s face (desires to be appreciated and left free of any imposition) and keep conflicts to a minimum even when they at times disagree and give incriminatory information about each other. It also reveals that the participants, in addition to maintaining face, also construct and negotiate identities which in turn help build in-group solidarity and provide a sense of belonging to them.
Indima yeeNdlela zokuCinga ngoLwimi, neNdlela olusetyenziswa ngayo kuGuqulelo oluya kwisiXhosa kwiSixekokazi seKapa neendawo ezisingqongileyo
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Ntwana, Thenjiswa; Kaschula, R.H.
Njengenxalenye yoko kubhalwa kokusingqongileyo, iibhodisalathisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudluliseni ulwazi okanye ekukhumbuzeni abo bazifundayo ngezinto eziyimfuneko. Ukusukela ngowe-1994 uMzantsi Afrika uthathe igxathu elibonakalayo ukungciba iintanda zexesha langaphambili. Iilwimi zabaNtsundu ezazingaselwe so ngaphambili, kuye kwafuneka ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo njengezibalulekileyo nazo, zinikwe iwonga lokuba ziilwimi ezisemthethwethi njengesiNgesi nesiAfrikansi. Kufanelekile ke ngoko ukuba ngoku iimfuno zolwimi zabemi bonke zihoywe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kwisiXeko saseKapa kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu. Ukuguqulelwa kweebhodisalathisi kulikhonkco elibalulekileyo ekwakheni ubudlelwane nokuhlalisana kakuhle koluntu, ekusekeni izixeko apho kungekho mntu ushiywa ngaphandle khona, nezikhuthaza ubambano nomanyano ngokumandla. Noko kunjalo, indlela egwenxa ekwenziwa ngayo iinguqulelo ezisuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kwisiXhosa kwiibhodisalathisi, idiza ngokumhlophe ukuba zisathe gqolo izivubeko kwicala lolwimi. Uninzi lweebhodisalathisi zikawonkewonke kwisiXeko saseKapa, zibonakala ziinkone ziimposiso kwaye zilahlekisa. Lo msebenzi wophando ugrumba uze uhlalutye iingcambu zezi mposiso. Umnqweno ngowokuba okufunyenwe kolu phando kukhanyise kubeke elubala konke malunga nezi ngxaki kuguqulelolwimi oluya kwisiXhosa – njengomba wokuba oku kungakhathali akunakuthathwa kancinane, kuba kubonisa ukunyhashwa
Izakhono zolwimi zeembongi zomthonyama esixhoseni
(University of the Western Cape, 2021) Xakatha, Bonke; Mletshe, L.K.
Olu phando lwahlula-hlulwe lwanezahluko ezintandathu. Zonke ezi zahluko ziqulathe okubalulekileyo malunga nokuveza izakhono zolwimi zeembongi zomthonyama esiXhoseni. Isahluko sokuqala siqulathe intshayelelo, iinjongo zophando, intsusa-mabandla kwakunye nenkqubo oluza kuqhuba ngayo uphando equka umda kwakunye nendlela oluhlelwe ngayo. Isahluko sesibini sigxile kwiingcingane zobugcisa (ithiyori) ezintathu ezisetyenzisiweyo ezithi zincedise ukuxhasa kwanokuveza eyona mvelaphi yophando. Oku kuthi kudandalaziswe elubala ngokunika iingqwalasela kuluncwadi olukhoyo olumalunga neembongi zomthonyama ngokuthe gabalala. Isahluko sesithathu sinika engqwalasela ngokukhethekileyo kwimibongo emihlanu engabantu, apho kubo bambi bazinkokheli zopolitiko. Umbongo ngamnye uvelelwa intsusa-mabandla yawo kwanamabakala awo kuze kulandele uhlalutyo. Kwakuso esi sahluko kuthi kunikwe inkcazelo malunga nezixhobo okanye izangotshe zolwimi ezithile ezithi zifumaneke kuhlalutyo. Isahluko sesine sigxile kwimibongo emihlanu engendalo engengobantu, umzekelo; imilambo, ilanga, njalo-njalo. Nakuso esi isahluko kuqala kunikwe ingqwalasela kwimvelaphi okanye intsusa-mabandla yombongo ngamnye kuze kulandele amabakala ombongo kwakunye nohlalutyo. Kwesesihlanu isahluko kukwa landelwe le nkqubo yezinye izahluko, kodwa kuyo kungxilwe kwimibongo emihlanu engemiba yabantu ekuhlaleni. Isahluko sesithandathu luqukumbelo, kuze emva kwalo kulandele imithombo yolwazi kwakunye nemibongo yonke ihlalutyiweyo kuphando Iimbongi zomthonyama zibonakala zinesakhono esikhethekileyo sokusebenzisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Olu phando lujolise ekuvezeni nzulu ezo zakhono zolwimi zifumana zisetyenziswa zimbongi zomthonyama.
MTHOBELI EMMANUEL SIWAPHIWE MANKAYI
(2019)
This study evaluates the accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa version in four community radio stations, two from the Western Cape and two from the Eastern Cape. Community radio stations source their local news through interviews and eye witness accounts. They get other news-worthy stories through media releases from Government Communication and Information System (GCIS), Police stations, Municipalities, Royal houses and from the office of the president. Most of the time, media releases are written in English and they have to be translated into isiXhosa as they use a high percentage of isiXhosa as a medium of their broadcasting. The equivalence of translated news then depends on the translation to be produced by the journalist and news writers. Some journalists have a better understanding of one language. News that is disseminated on national and community radio stations in various languages seem to project different information for a single newsworthy story to listeners as a result of the inaccuracies and non-equivalence of translated news versions. This research seeks to evaluate the accuracy and equivalence of translated news versions from the source language (English) to the target language (isiXhosa) in community radios. It will describe and provide analyses of the strategies and methods of translation used in the translated version of the news bulletins. The analysis is based on the translation methods and theories of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet (1995). Deducing from the research findings, it is clear that the news that was translated from the four community radios were not accurate and equivalent. This gives answers to research question 1 which asks how accurate and equivalent are the translated news from English into isiXhosa. The research findings have concurred with the research objectives and the recommendation has alluded to that, the researcher then concludes this study by stating the importance of accuracy and equivalence in translated news.
The orality - literacy debate with special reference to selected work of S.E.K. Mqhayi
(University of the Western Cape, 2004) Mpolweni, Nosisi Lynette; Neethling, S.J; Dept. of Xhosa; Faculty of Arts
The focus of this thesis is on Xhosa oral and written poetry. The discussion in the thesis is based on the information from existing literature, the responses from the questionnaires and the interviews with some Xhosa iimbongi (person who sings praises) who have reflected on their personal experiences. In addition to this, S.E.K. Mqhayi is at the centre of discussion because as a prominent Xhosa imbongi he features in both the oral and the written world.
Principles of form-focused tasks for Xhosa second language at tertiary level
(University of the Western Cape, 1997) Van Huyssteen, A; Visser, M
This study explores the principles of form-focused tasks for Xhosa second language at tertiary level. The latest developments in second language acquisition and in pedagogy are reviewed. The study field of second language acquisition developed from within the confines of applied linguistics as the result of a search for more effective language teaching methodology. While acknowledging the fact that Universal Grammar plays a role in the acquisition of both a first and a second language, there is general agreement that there is a difference between the two processes. A prominent issue in current second language acquisition research is the degree of access that a learner has to Universal Grammar in the acquisition of a second language. Some salient features of Universal Grammar such as principles and parameter settings, markedness, transfer and fossilization are explored in this study. Different syllabus types are reviewed. Task-based syllabus types are described as a suitable syllabus type for the current paradigm. Input enhancement in terms of a focus on form is suggested as a way to achieve effective second language learning and teaching. Ways to adapt study materials according to the requirements of a task-based approach are explored.
Relevance of the custom of �Ukuthwala� in modern Xhosa society
(University of Western Cape, 2019) Mhlauli, Bongeka; Mletshe, L .K.
The study argues that ukuthwala is an old cultural practice that had been practised in the past by Xhosa people and other tribes. Ukuthwala traditionally does not involve rape, force and underage girls. The media revealed misuse of the ukuthwala practice by men and what these men are doing is purely crime. Ukuthwala is a cultural practise that was used to abduct girls into marriage with the consent of the girl and the parents. In this case the cultural practice of ukuthwala is deemed as one of the factors preventing progress while oppressing the women and children involved as media and government have reported that ukuthwala has markedly resurged in an insidious form that is exploitative and violent (Karimakwenda,2005:340).
Translating diabetes brochures: Challenges encountered
(University of Western Cape, 2017) Javu, Mirranda Thobela; Mabeqa, Thokozile
The aim of this study was to develop isiXhosa terminology for diabetes brochures written in English or in medical terms, to enable diabetes patients to access information on their disease. Lefevere (1992a: xi) describes translation as �rewriting of an original text�. This study re-evaluated Lefevere's concept of translation by examining English brochures and translating them into isiXhosa brochures. In order to demonstrate how the translator of the English brochures transported the source text messages to the target language, literature was reviewed. Translation theories or approaches are discussed to assess their impact on the researcher�s attempt in translating diabetes brochures into isiXhosa. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, and analysed to assess and answer the problem statement and hypothesis posed by the researcher that there will always be a high death rate of people with diabetes in South Africa, due to a lack of access to materials translated into indigenous languages on how to manage the disease. Since the available information is written in English or medical terms, it is difficult to reach a large sector of people who cannot read, write and/or speak English. Also, diabetes patients who speak the isiXhosa language lack knowledge on diabetes because they do not have access to information written in isiXhosa, or there is no written information at all. The study also aimed to translate English terminology including signs and symptoms, and causes and management of diabetes as these are crucial elements to be understood by diabetes patients in order to monitor their health. Furthermore, the researcher is of opinion that isiXhosa-speaking diabetes patients will be at less risk of dying if they are well informed by means of information in their mother tongue. Language is the soul of people. Without access to information, people are left in the dark and are prone to danger. On this backdrop the research was focused on translating diabetes brochures as a means of disseminating information to diabetes patients whose language is isiXhosa. Challenges encountered during the translation process are highlighted.
Umba wongqamano-ngqo kuguqulo-lwimi kwiincwadi zikaSindiwe Magona: �Kubantwana Babantwana Bam� kwakunye no- �To My Children�s Children�.
(University of Western Cape, 2020) Mxunyelwa, Dalutando Maxwell; Mokapela, S
Uguqulo-lwimi lwalungathathelwa ngqalelo kakhulu kuba lwalusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa iinjongo ezithile kuba ubani lowo ezazi iilwimi ezo. Injongo yayikukugqithisa umyalezo wombhalo wolwimi oluguqulwayo/ lwemveli. Ungothuki, mfundi xa kusetyenziswe elinye igama, umzekelo umbhalo wolwimi oluguqulwayo sizakuthi yi-ST, gama elo elisukela kushunqulelo lwesiNgesi u-Source Text. Wona umbhalo wolwimi ekuguqulelwa kulo/ekubhekiswa kulo yi-TT, osukela kushunqulelo lwesiNgesi u-Target Text. Izifundo zoguqulo-lwimi zikhule ngokumandla kwaye zinike umdla omkhulu kwiingcali. Phakathi kwezinye iingcali kungabalulwa uVermeer (1989) oweza nethiyori ekuthiwa siSkoposi. UVermeer ungomnye phakathi kwezinye iingcali ezathatha uguqulo-lwimi njengomsebenzi (function). Uthi, umsebenzi ngamnye uphenjelelwa yinjongo. Kulapho ezinye iingcali zathathela khona ziveza iziseko ezisemthethweni zoguqulo-lwimi ngokomsebenzi.
Uphengululo lwesemantiki yezenzi zonxibelelwano esiXhoseni
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Qinisile, Aphiwe; Mletshe, Loyiso
Injongo zolu phando kukuphonononga izenzi zonxibelelwano esiXhoseni. Impawu zezenzi esiXhoseni ziza kuphononongwa malunga nobume bolwakhiwo lwe-adyumenti (ARGSTR) ubume bolwakhiwo lwekhwaliya (QUALISTR) kunye nobume bolwakhiwo lwesiganeko (EVENTSTR) esiXhoseni. Izenzi zonxibelelwano ziphandwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo zengcingane evelisayo yelekhisikhoni yegama ngokukaPustejovsky (1996). Kulwimi isiXhosa lukhona uphando kwizenzi kodwa lwenziwe kwizenzi ngokubanzi alugxilanga kuhlobo oluthile lwezenzi.
The use of proverbial names among the Xhosa society: socio-cultural approach
(University of Western Cape, 2014) Simelane-Kalumba, Phumzile Innocentia; Mabeqa, Thokozile V.
IsiXhosa is one of the Nguni languages. It falls under the Bantu Languages and is spoken mainly by people living in the South Eastern and Western regions of South Africa. Traditionally, language symbols were frequently used by the Xhosa people to shape their culture as well as to instil values that were highly regarded in their society, such as ubuntu (humanity). Their oral traditions were passed on from generation to generation ? through narratives, proverbs, idioms, riddles, songs and praise poems. The elders would name their children using phrases from oral expressions and by doing so, help in the preservation of societal norms and values. IsiXhosa names that are taken from all forms of oral literature are known as proverbial names. During the colonisation of South Africa, the arrival of European settlers with different culture and values rapidly overhauled the Xhosa society and their customs. Given that certain, if not all oral traditions, including that of the traditional naming system, did not meet the approval of the new masters, a new naming system was imposed on the population. However, the end of the apartheid regime in the 1990�s ushered in a new era of indigenous cultural revival and in particular a trend to revert back to traditional isiXhosa naming practices. Conversely, most proverbial names have overtime been detached from the original oral literature and do not necessarily convey the original meaning or message. Therefore, this study undertakes to explore the meanings of isiXhosa proverbial names in relation to isiXhosa culture. It also provides a deeper insight into the origin and conceptualisation of isiXhosa names in relation to isiXhosa traditional oral literature, namely proverbs, idioms, riddles and poetry. A review of historic data related to the subject and a survey was conducted with adult isiXhosa speakers to ascertain whether the meanings of proverbial names are transparent to them. The study shows how naming practices played an important and defining part in the oral history of the Xhosa people. It also served as a system to record the events that happened around the time of birth. The comparison of results from the desk study and the respondents� interpretations revealed that the meanings of names from oral traditions are inseparable from a socio-cultural matrix.

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