Research Articles (CFS)

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Using the resilience theory to understand and address migrant pandemic precarity among South African migrant populations
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Adebiyi, Babatope; Mukumbang, Ferdinand
Introduction: “Migrant pandemic precarity” describes the specific consequences and vulnerabilities experienced by migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite their precarity, migrants adopted some resilient behaviors. Utilizing the resilience theory, our study explored how migrants in South Africa managed to cope with heightened vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these resilient behaviors can provide insights into addressing the health inequities experience by this population. Methods: We conducted an interpretive phenomenological analysis study to understand the key challenges of migrant populations in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2022) and how resourceful they became in overcoming these challenges. Using a purposive sampling approach, we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with migrants from other African countries, including asylum seekers, refugees, permit holders, and undocumented migrants in two South African provinces. Results: Three interconnected aspects of migrant pandemic precarity were revealed: financial insecurities, food insecurities, and health concerns. Social connectedness and resource provision ensured inclusivity and supported these migrant populations in navigating the difficulties posed by migrant pandemic precarity. Conclusions: The South African government should implement migrant-inclusive approaches and empower structures and programs that enhance migrants’ resilience to future crises. We argued that to reduce health inequities among migrant populations in South Africa, these resilience approaches can be harnessed in three ways. (1) the South African government should create mechanisms and processes to identify and integrate migrants with critical skills into their workforce. (2) enhancing collaborations between civil society organizations, local governments, and international organizations, such as the International Organization for Migration, to address food insecurities among the migrant population. (3) enforcing their constitutional mandate to provide free basic health care services to all migrants in South Africa by removing barriers such as health care provider attitudes toward migrants’ access to health care services.
Exploring barriers to social cohesion in rural South African communities: A family-centred qualitative study
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Olabiyi, Olaniyi Joshua; Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Khaile, Fundiswa; Human, Anja
In South Africa, the need to strengthen social cohesion has become increasingly important considering various pressing challenges, particularly within family and community structures. Addressing these issues is crucial for promoting solidarity and inclusion among all South Africans. This study explores the barriers to social cohesion in two rural South African communities using a family-centred approach. It adopts a family centred perspective to develop targeted interventions that support communities, government officials, and policymakers in tackling critical social challenges, including trust deficits, feelings of non-belonging, family instability, and economic disparities across municipalities. The study utilized a qualitative, exploratory design, drawing on data collected from two rural communities in South Africa: Lambert's Bay in the Western Cape and Philippolis in the Free State Province. A total of 19 participants were engaged, comprising 11 parents and 8 community stakeholders. Data collection was conducted through in-depth, face-to-face interviews in participants’ preferred languages to ensure accuracy and comfort. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach, supported by Atlas.ti software, to systematically interpret the findings. The results identified seven key themes: family instability and domestic violence, inequality and economic disparity, lack of trust in relationships, racial discrimination, limited access to education and skills development, feelings of non-belonging and substance abuse and violence. These findings underscore the significance of family instability as a central factor in broader social cohesion. It is recommended that interventions adopt a family-centred approach. The study concludes with high-level policy and community intervention recommendations to support these efforts.
Caregiver capabilities: Healthcare interventions for children with developmental disabilities
(AOSIS (pty) Ltd, 2025) Magidigidi-Mathiso, lumka; Frantz, Jose; Filies, Gerard C.
Background: Developmental disabilities (DDs) involve impairments affecting children's abilities, impacting development and necessitating specialised care. Many caregivers face challenges caring for these children, lacking access to supportive healthcare interventions. Addressing this issue aligns with United Nations (UN) goals for ensuring access to quality services for children with disabilities and their caregivers. Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise evidence on healthcare interventions enhancing caregiver capabilities for children with DDs, identifying intervention types, components and effectiveness. Method: Our systematic review analysed peer-reviewed English-language studies from 2014 to 2024, focusing on interventions for caregivers of children with DDs. The review investigated healthcare interventions designed to enhance caregiver capabilities across diverse cultural contexts, examining international research to understand strategies supporting caregivers of children with DDs. Results: We found significant improvements in caregiver well-being through five interventions. Parent education reduces stress and improves parenting. Peer support decreased isolation while counselling enhanced family functioning. Condition-specific interventions increased intervention adherence among minorities. Combined interventions showed strong positive effects, especially when tailored. Comprehensive programmes greatly improved caregiver quality of life. Further research is needed for underserved communities and culturally adaptive interventions. Conclusion: Our review indicates potential positive parental impacts with limited evidence. Small samples warrant future research using larger studies, emphasising rigorous methods, cultural adaptation and diverse community representation. Contribution: Our review identifies promising intervention types and highlights the need for further research to optimise caregiver support and promote access to quality services.
Exploring barriers to social cohesion in rural South African communities: a family-centred qualitative study
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Nicolette, Vanessa Roman; Fundiswa, Khaile; Olaniyi, Joshua Olabiyi; Human, Anja
In South Africa, the need to strengthen social cohesion has become increasingly important considering various pressing challenges, particularly within family and community structures. Addressing these issues is crucial for promoting solidarity and inclusion among all South Africans. This study explores the barriers to social cohesion in two rural South African communities using a family-centred approach. It adopts a family centred perspective to develop targeted interventions that support communities, government officials, and policymakers in tackling critical social challenges, including trust deficits, feelings of non-belonging, family instability, and economic disparities across municipalities. The study utilized a qualitative, exploratory design, drawing on data collected from two rural communities in South Africa: Lambert's Bay in the Western Cape and Philippolis in the Free State Province. A total of 19 participants were engaged, comprising 11 parents and 8 community stakeholders. Data collection was conducted through in-depth, face-to-face interviews in participants’ preferred languages to ensure accuracy and comfort. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach, supported by Atlas.ti software, to systematically interpret the findings. The results identified seven key themes: family instability and domestic violence, inequality and economic disparity, lack of trust in relationships, racial discrimination, limited access to education and skills development, feelings of non-belonging and substance abuse and violence. These findings underscore the significance of family instability as a central factor in broader social cohesion. It is recommended that interventions adopt a family-centred approach. The study concludes with high-level policy and community intervention recommendations to support these efforts.
Not just a donor learning experience: exploring failure, accountability, and harm within a large aid funded biogas project in Malawi
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Kalina, Marc; Kwangulero, Jonathan; Boyd, Williams Natalie
In Africa, investments in domestic biogas projects have yielded mixed results, with numerous poor outcomes reported. While many commonly cited barriers contribute to these failures, the role of structural issues rooted in development and aid remains underexplored and poorly understood. This investigation examined 72 tarpaulin-based biogas digesters funded by UNDP across seven districts in Malawi, which experienced rapid failure shortly after implementation. Unlike many biogas studies focusing on symptoms of failure this research focussed specifically on the governance and decision-making processes that led to failure. In-depth interviews with 65 of the beneficiaries and 15 stakeholders revealed that the project failed due to poor management, unclear leadership, and weak governance. The digesters were hastily installed in remote areas that had no local expertise just before project funding expired, amidst suspected corruption and a lack of biogas expertise among all project stakeholders. The project lacked accountability to beneficiaries, leaving them powerless to influence change in their own development project. Far from being a harmless learning opportunity, as it was described by some of the project's stakeholders, the project caused harm to beneficiaries who invested limited resources into the poorly executed biogas intervention. This study challenges the typical user-centred focus of failure analyses and underscores the importance of focusing on structural causes of failure. By focussing on systemic issues, we can foster more informed discussions on biogas projects. Moreover, this approach enables accountability to beneficiaries, which can inform decision-making regarding potentially flawed projects and help to hold institutions responsible for harm caused.
Traumatic experience and coping among adolescent refugees: a scoping review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Danga, Solomon; Adebiyi, Babatope; Roman, Nicolette
Background Adolescent refugees may be uniquely impacted by potential traumatic experiences due to their incomplete bio-psychosocial and cognitive development, dependence, and underdeveloped coping skills. Despite this vulnerability, there is a lack of clarity in the literature on the coping strategies adolescent refugees employ following trauma exposure and how these strategies are associated with their adjustment. The objective of this scoping review was to systematically identify the types of coping strategies used by adolescent refugees and examine the associations between trauma exposure and coping mechanisms. Methods A comprehensive search of four electronic databases (Ebsco Host, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles. Inclusion criteria for studies were: 1) focused on the relationship between trauma and coping strategies was explicitly examined and discussed; 2) trauma was the primary predictor variable and the main focus of the study; 3) coping strategies were analyzed as outcome variables; 4) focused on adolescent refugees or asylum seekers aged 12–18 years as participants, including all genders; 5) articles were published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1, 2001, and June 20, 2021; 6) articles were written in English. Results A total of 389 articles were identified as potentially relevant for the study, 6 articles were included in this scoping review. In total, 1694 participants were included across the included studies. Five included studies utilised a cross-sectional research design, and one study employed a case study. The review found that adolescent refugees mostly employed emotion-focused, avoidant and social support/ support-seeking coping strategies among the participants of the included studies. The majority of the included studies showed that traumatic experiences are more strongly associated with emotion-focused, avoidant and social support coping strategies than active and problem-focused strategies across diverse adolescent refugee populations. Avoidant-coping strategy was associated with maladjustment in young refugees. Conclusions This scoping review suggests that future efforts should focus on equipping adolescent refugees with problem-solving and active coping strategies while addressing their psychosocial, cultural, and educational challenges to foster resilience and positive adjustment.
Strengthening parental capabilities: Examining the role of interdisciplinary support in enhancing parental well-being and capabilities in developmental disability care
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Magidigidi-Mathiso, Lumka; Filies, Gérard Charl; Frantz, Jose
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ lived experiences raising children with developmental disabilities (DDs), examine their emotional and physical challenges, and investigate the role of interdisciplinary support in strengthening parental capabilities. Materials and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using two focus groups (n = 23 parents). Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis. Results: Five major themes emerged: (1) acceptance and emotional journey, (2) healthcare system navigation challenges, (3) educational and community integration barriers, (4) the development of coping strategies and support systems, and (5) resilience and positive growth. Parents reported significant emotional challenges but demonstrated remarkable resilience when supported by comprehensive care systems. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for integrated support systems that address both the practical and emotional needs of parents raising children with DDs. Healthcare providers and community stakeholders must work collaboratively to create more inclusive and supportive environments for these families.
Strengthening family bonds: a systematic review of factors and interventions that enhance family cohesion
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Balogun, Tolulope Victoria; Butler-Kruger, Letitia; Danga, Solomon Dribsa; de Lange, Janine Therese; Human-Hendricks, Anja; Khaile, Fundiswa Thelma; October, Kezia Ruth; Olabiyi, Olaniyi Joshua
Strong emotional bonds within families are foundational to children’s academic, psychological, and social development. While family cohesion is widely recognized as a protective factor across these domains, there remains a need to understand the specific mechanisms and interventions that foster such cohesion, particularly in diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts. This systematic review examines global evidence on factors influencing family cohesion and evaluates intervention strategies designed to strengthen familial relationships. Drawing on 41 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2023, this review adheres to PRISMA guidelines and applies the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess methodological quality. The findings are organized around four core dimensions of family cohesion—emotional bonding, adaptability, communication, and support—and highlight both common patterns and culturally specific mechanisms. Studies were drawn from a range of settings including North America, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, East and Southeast Asia, and Europe, enabling a cross-cultural analysis of how family cohesion operates under different social, cultural, and economic conditions. Intervention strategies are reviewed separately following the synthesis of correlations, with attention to their effectiveness, cultural relevance, and contextual adaptability. Community-based programs, trauma-informed therapies, and parenting interventions emerge as key approaches, though their success has varied by regional and structural context. Studies consistently demonstrate that higher family cohesion correlates with improved academic outcomes, as supportive home environments promote motivation, reduce stress, and enhance learning. Mental health benefits are also evident, with cohesive and adaptable families mitigating risks of anxiety and depression through open communication and emotional availability.
Re-conceptualizing trafficking-in-persons victimization using latent class analysis: Results from a community study in Cape Town, South Africa
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Rich, Edna Grace; Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Bender, Annah K.
The impact of human trafficking upon the lives and livelihoods of those subjected to exploitative and illegal labor and commercial sex practices includes violence and threats of violence, deleterious health and mental health sequelae, and social and economic marginalization. Global estimates of human trafficking’s prevalence are elusive given that it is shrouded in secrecy and often affects subgroups with little voice of their own, such as migrants and child abuse victims. The difficulty of reaching a clandestine population is complicated by the lack of standardized definitions and culturally responsive assessments to identify victims and route them to appropriate care. This gap in knowledge persists on the African continent as elsewhere in the world. An interdisciplinary, international research team thus launched a study to estimate the prevalence of human trafficking using a computational algorithm in the Western Cape of South Africa. In this paper, we use latent class analysis to identify and empirically categorize 652 individuals at risk for human trafficking based on their response to two sets of indicators for human trafficking experiences. Our findings revealed three distinct subtypes ranging from very high risk of exploitation to relatively low risk. Experiences of violence, health and mental health concerns, and substance abuse were commonplace in this high-risk sample. A modified screening tool based on domains of trafficking identified by the inaugural Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum (PRIF) was most robust in identifying and classifying victims. We conclude by calling for a shift from a binary prosecutorial definition to a dimensional approach of identifying trafficking, guided by the understanding that such risks exist on a spectrum influenced by one’s experience of human trafficking exploitation, and behavioral and social environment.
What a mess: Rethinking municipal waste management 30 years into South African democracy
(Academy of Science of South Africa, 2024) Schenck, Catherina; Kalina, Marc
Significance: Within South Africa, local governments hold the mandate for providing waste management services. Unfortunately, 30 years into our democracy, reliable waste management services remain out of reach for vast segments of the population – a situation which contributes to environmental degradation and increased inequality. Safeguarding service delivery and addressing inequalities requires deep structural changes and a rethinking of our waste management systems. This must include the decentralisation of waste management services to incorporate all stakeholders within the waste value chain, the depoliticisation of local government, and reconsideration of the financial model to allow for a basic level of services to all.
Editorial: New directions and trends in parenting research
(Frontiers Media, 2024) Nicolette Vanessa Roman; Yosi Yaffe; Dorit Alt
Background: For centuries, the study of child socialization has focused primarily on understanding the effects of traditional parenting styles, dimensions, and behaviors on the developmental trajectories and outcomes of children and adolescents. While these core issues remain highly significant, recent research in parenting aims to broaden our understanding by exploring contemporary aspects and fields within this domain. Parenting science has expanded significantly over the past five decades to understand parenting, the parent- child relationship, child development and the adjusted adult. The shift has been from behaviorism to attachment and child development, positive parenting, and the role of technology. More recently there has been an increased focus on father involvement, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), genetics and epigenetics, the role of culture on parenting and evidence-based interventions providing more scientifically backed parenting programs and interventions. The findings and insights stem from the studies included in the current Research Topic resume those recent trends in parenting research and further enhance our knowledge of the numerous factors that influence parenting and its impact on children’s and adolescents’ development. Key areas of interest include cultural and gender significances in parent-child relationships, the importance of other socialization agents, parental mental health, unconventional or novel parenting patterns alongside traditional parental behaviors, parenting children with disabilities, and family dynamics that influences children’s creative and academic outcomes. By exploring these exciting directions in parenting research, we can deepen our understanding of how various elements affect parenting practices and outcomes, ultimately contributing to the wellbeing of children and adolescents.
Utilization of cervical cancer screening services and its associated factors in Iran: a case–control study
(BMC, 2023) Dadipoor, Sara; Alav, Azin; Kader, Zeinab; Kakhak, Hadi Eshaghi Sani; Mohseni, Shokrollah; Shahabi, Nahid
Background Considering the high incidence rate of cervical cancer (CC) in Iran, screening is an efective way of reducing the impact of the disease due to early detection. Thus, the recognition of the factors afecting the use of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services is essential.The present study aimed to determine the associated factors of CCS in women living in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas in the south of Iran. Methods The present case–control study was conducted between January and March 2022 in the suburban areas of Bandar abbas. Two hundred participants were assigned to the case group and 400 participants were assigned to the control group. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect the data. This questionnaire contained demographic information, reproductive information, knowledge of CC, knowledge of CCS and access to the screening. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were run to analyze the data. The data were analyzed in STATA 14.2 at a signifcance level of p<0.05. Results The mean and standard deviation of participants’ age in the case group was 30.33±4.892, and in the control group was 31.35±6.149. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge in the case group was 10.21±1.815 and in the control group was 7.24±2.447. The mean and standard deviation of access was 43.72±6.339 in the case and 37.17±4.828 in the control group. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed the following factors increased the odds of CCS: knowledge (OR medium=18.697, OR high=13.413), access (OR medium=4.028, OR high=8.126), being married (OR=3.193), being educated (OR diploma=2.587, OR university degree=1.432), middle and high SES (OR Middle=6.078, OR Upper=6.608), and not smoking (OR=1.144). Also, women’s reproductive status, including history of sexually transmitted diseases (OR=2.612), use of oral contraceptives (OR=1.579), sexual hygiene (OR=8.718). Conclusions In the light of the present fndings, it can be concluded that besides increasing suburban women’s knowledge, their access to screening facilities should be improved. The present fndings showed the need to remove the barriers to CCS in women of low SES to increase the rate of CCS. The present fndings contribute to a better understanding of factors involved in CCS.
Exploring childhood experiences and family contexts as risk factors for drug use in the lives of young drug users in the Western Cape, South Africa
(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Rich, Edna Grace; Londt, Marcel; Holtman, Lorna
The use of drugs amongst adolescents and youth has become a global phenomenon and South Africa is no exception. This paper aims to explore the familial contexts and childhood experiences leading up to the drug-taking pathways of young drug users. A qualitative approach was utilized to gather demographic from a purposive sample of 41 young (14–19 years) drug users, at five drug treatment centres in the Western Cape of South Africa. Additionally, participants could agree to participate in an in-depth interview or to provide a written life history account. A thematic data analysis was applied, and the results uncovered a range of family-related risk factors such as family structure (single motherhood and absent fatherhood), and other negative family functioning and practices such as troubled parent-child relationships, poor family communication/interactions, parental/family substance abuse, and conflict-ridden, stressful and often violent and abusive family situations. The findings suggest that prevention initiatives should focus on strengthening family functioning by reducing high conflict, stress, violent and abusive family situations, as well as aim to enhance the caregiver-child relationship. Prevention strategies should encourage live-in and non-live-in fathers to be actively involved in the lives of their children and should aim to reduce parental/caregiver substance abuse.
Barriers to effective parenting of adolescent children in resource-constrained communities
(University of Stellenbosch, 2022) Donga, Gift; Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Benjamin, Fatiema
The study examined barriers to effective parenting of adolescent children in resourceconstrained communities. A qualitative approach was adopted for data collection and analysis. Thematic analysis was applied to data acquired from a sample of parents from resourceconstrained areas in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Parents interviewed identified the following barriers: financial constraints, peer influence, alcohol and drug abuse, lack of adequate parental time, communication and maturational changes. Given the parental challenges emerging from the findings of the study, greater understanding of the conditions under which effective parenting of adolescent children in resource-constrained societies can be fostered is essential.
Strategies and best practices that enhance participation in regular physical activities among undergraduate university students: A systematic review protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2022) Johannes, Chante; Onagbiye, Sunday O; Roman, Nicolette V
Physical activity has health benefits, including lowered obesity, diabetes and hypertension levels. However, participation in regular physical activities among undergraduate students is declining and, instead, physical inactivity sets the path for sedentarism. Strategies and best practices used to enhance participation in regular physical activities among undergraduate students are beneficial for mitigating sedentariness and promoting healthy lifestyles. Therefore, this study aims to present a systematic review protocol that focuses on the strategies and best practices used to enhance participation in regular physical activities among undergraduate university students
Alcohol ban during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown: Lessons for preventing foetal alcohol spectrum disorder in South Africa
(AOSIS, 2022) Adebiyi, Babatope O.; Mukumbang, Ferdinand C.
During the two national lockdowns implemented in South Africa to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages were prohibited. There is observational evidence from the literature suggesting a drastic reduction in the emergency and trauma unit admissions in many South African hospitals and clinics with alcohol-related restrictions. This article explores the potential benefits of the restrictions placed on the sale and consumption of alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic on preventing foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in South Africa. Following the potential benefits of the alcohol bans, we recommended that the current South African national liquor policy and the 2012 South African government-drafted Bill for Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages should be fully implemented and enforced. Furthermore, the ‘best buys’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) should be adapted (based on local evidence) and executed. Implementing the abovementioned policies can reduce alcohol abuse by limiting and regulating the manufacturing, distribution, advertising, sponsorship, promotion, physical availability and hours of sale of alcoholic beverages in South Africa.
Peer pressure and social acceptability between hookah pipe users and non-users among a sample of South African adolescents
(South African Medical Association, 2022) Davids, H. L.; Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Rich, Edna Grace
Hookah pipe smoking is a high-risk phenomenon which is widely seen as an acceptable social practice, but the extent of its acceptability is not very clear among South African youth, nor is the influence of peers very clear. Objective. To establish a link between social acceptability and peer pressure and to compare this relationship among hookah pipe users and non-users in a sample of South African adolescents. A cross-sectional comparative correlation study was conducted among Grade 9 adolescents attending secondary schools in the Metro East Education District in Cape Town. The final sample comprised 270 participants. A questionnaire was used to collect data which were analysed using SPSS.
Family resilience and the Covid-19 pandemic: A South African study
(MDPI, 2022) Rich, Edna G.; Butler-Kruger, Letitia; Sonn, Inge K.
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic created various challenges for individuals and families across the globe. Many countries went into a state of disaster and applied strict lockdown regulations to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus. Although the sudden changes in livelihoods impacted families globally, this research is limited to understanding how families connected and resolved conflict during the pandemic. The current study therefore aimed at exploring how family dynamics and resilience in South African families were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted qualitatively in the Western Cape, South Africa, with 31 participants. The results indicated that families in the Western Cape had trouble adjusting to the imposed restrictions; however, some of these families used the time they had together to adapt and find new ways of building their relationships and strengthening their bonds.
Support programmes for parents of children with intellectual disabilities: A scoping review protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2022) Marais, Janene Elizabeth; Wegner, Lisa; Mthembu, Thuli
Evidence shows that parents of children with intellectual disabilities experience high levels of stress, emotional challenges and higher levels of depression. Despite these challenges, support for parents has tended to be peripheral in healthcare services of children. There is a lack of research attention given to support programmes for parents of children with intellectual disabilities despite the importance of parenting for the optimal development of children with intellectual disabilities.
The contribution of parental factors to adolescents’ deviant behaviour in South Africa: Evidence from three rural communities in South Africa
(MDPI, 2022) Chinyakata, Rachel; Roman, Nicolette Vanessa; Donga, Gift T.
Challenges associated with adolescents are prevalent in South African societies. During the adolescence stage, children may become involved in deviant behaviour. Although a significant number of studies have focused on the factors that contribute to adolescents’ deviant behaviour, including parental factors, there is paucity of research specifically in rural communities. This study explores the contribution of parental factors to adolescents’ deviant behaviour in rural communities in South Africa. Guided by the qualitative approach, the present study makes use of semi-structured interviews to collect data and thematic analysis to analyse data. The parental factors identified include less parental supervision, a lack of support, an absence of parental discipline, parent’s lack of concern and the inability of parents to be role models.

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