Magister Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science - MSRES

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The determinants of falls among the elderly living in long-term care facilities in the City of Cape Town
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Ebrahim, Nabilah; Leach, Lloyd
Background: Falls are a common health burden with a multi-factorial origin causing physical, psychological, and social problems for the elderly and the society at large, especially within low- and middle-income countries, such as South Africa. Aim: Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the determinants of falls in the elderly who are living in various long-term care (retirement) facilities in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This study used the social-ecological theory, which functions on multiple levels in the study, interacting on an individual level, as well as recognising the impact of the environment. The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design to investigate the elderly, aged 60 years and older, living in retirement facilities in the City of Cape Town. A total of 258 male and female participants were recruited using convenient sampling. A researcher-generated and self-administered questionnaire, based on the following sociodemographic characteristics, namely, age, gender, educational level, marital status, and medical history, was used for data collection in the study. The Fall Risk Assessment Tool, the Berg Balance Scale, the Dynamic Gait Index, the Timed Up-and-Go test, and the Mini Mental State Examination were the research instruments used in the study. The WHO COVID-19 safety protocol was observed throughout the period of physical testing of the participants.
Determining the pulmonary functions and capacities of firefighters in the City of Cape Town fire and rescue service
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Lakey, Jordan Sasha; Leach, Lloyd
Exposure to chronic and excessive smoke inhalation in performing occupational duties significantly increases the rate of decline in firefighters’ pulmonary functions and capacities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the pulmonary functions and capacities of firefighters in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service. The study used a quantitative cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. A total of 278 full-time firefighters from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service were recruited using convenience sampling to participate in the study, comprising of males and females aged 18 years and older. Pulmonary functions and capacities were measured using a standardised spirometry test. A researcher-generated questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, such as past medical history, smoking status, physical activity behaviour, age, sex, marital status, educational level, as well as pulmonary symptoms. Selected physical measurements were performed, such as height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body fat percentage. The research data was analysed using SPSS version 29. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis H test and Pearson’s Chi-squared correlation) were used to interpret the pulmonary functions and capacities of the participants. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Ethics clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) at the University of the Western Cape (BM23/3/13). The results showed pulmonary disorders present in 10.43% of firefighters, with over half (53.60%) reporting respiratory symptoms.
An exploration of dual-careers of South African female elite student-athletes: The case of football
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Kroll, Nadia Carina; McGhie, Venicia
The study explored factors that contributed to or hindered the dual careers of female elite student-athletes in South Africa, specifically focusing on football. The objectives were to (i) explore the perceptions and experiences of female elite student-athletes competing at national/international football competitions; (ii) identify contributing factors to success in the dual careers of these students at a South African university; (iii) identify barriers preventing success in their dual careers; and (iv) propose recommendations on how the barriers could be overcome or prevented. The primary research question was: what were the main contributing factors and barriers experienced by South African female elite student-athletes who compete at national/international football competitions? Four sub-research questions guided the data collection process: (i) what were the experiences of female elite student-athletes in their dual careers? i) which dual career policies were student-athletes aware of in South African elite sports? (iii) what role did university sports programmes play in the dual careers of female student-athletes? (iv) how could the barriers be overcome so female student-athletes can succeed in sporting competitions?
The implementation of sport policies and procedures at professional sport clubs at the university of the Western Cape
(University of the Western, 2007-11) Rossouw, G.E; Titus, S
The importance of having a structure in any sports code and following it ensures better functioning of the particular sports code. The management of sport is defined as "the study and practice involved in relation to all people, activities, organizations, and businesses involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, to organizing any product that is sport, fitness, and recreation-related; and, sports products can be goods, services, people, places, or ideas" (Parkhouse,2001). The running of a club should be looked at holistically and any flaws should be identified and corrected. This study explores the implementation of the sports policies and procedures of professional sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape.
The implementation of sports policies and procedures at professional sport clubs at the University of the Western cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2007) Rossouw, Geraldine Elvira; Titus, S.
The importance of having a structure in any sport code and following them ensures better functioning of the particular sport code. The management of sport is defined as "the study and practice involved in relation to all people, activities, organizations, and businesses involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, to organizing any product that is sport, fitness, and recreation-related; and, sports products can be goods, services, people, places, or ideas" (Park house 2001) The running of a club should be looked at holistically and any flaws should be looked at holistically and any flows should be identified and corrected. This study explores the implementation of sports policies and procedures for professional sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape at theirs. Method The study employed a quantitative setting using a questionnaire administered to eight members of the selected five professional clubs of the university. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Results The results reflected the problem areas that the clubs needed to look at. Amongst these included the attendance of meetings by both executive and ordinary members, the composition of the clubs, and fines that members should receive for non-attendance at meetings. Members are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the constitution of their club.
The relationship between students’ campus recreation needs and recreation patterns at a tertiary institution in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Mgulwa, Ntombise Nadia; Young, Marié
The University Sport South Africa mandate is to promote sports, recreation, and mass participation at tertiary institutions in South Africa. Tertiary institutions could be used as sites to ensure an enabling environment where recreational opportunities can be created for the students to reap the benefits of participating in recreation. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between the students’ recreation needs and the recreation patterns at a tertiary institution. The Self-Determination Theory was adopted as the study’s theoretical framework. This study was a cross-sectional study that made use of quantitative methods to generate data. The entire student population was included and the sample was based on the power calculation of three hundred and seventy-nine (n=379) participants.
A Balancing Act: First team rugby Players' Perceptions about Academic and Athletic Commitments
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Mlakalaka, Bulelani; Titus, Simone
Sport is regarded as an essential component of Higher Education Institution governance, development, and the lives of student-athletes and the academic community. Student-athletes in Higher Education Institutions around the world are increasingly needed to manage their academic and athletic commitments. The purpose of this research is to examine factors that influence student-athletes' ability to balance academic and athletic commitments. The conceptual framework basis for this study adopted Comeaux and Harrison's model of academic achievement for student-athletes. An exploratory-qualitative design methodological approach was adopted to collect data, using two focus group discussions. Using a purposive sampling method, fifteen Higher Education Institution first team rugby players consented to participate in this study. A deductive theme analysis technique was used to analyse the data.
Exploring the recreational opportunities for young people living with physical disabilities in Phalaborwa
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Basani, Ngobeni Tintswalo; Malema, M. J
The design of recreational facilities, community hall and public space tend to focus on people without disabilities, which is unfair to those with physical disabilities. Recreational service providers face various issues and challenges in planning for people with disabilities, which makes it hard for them to provide recreational opportunities effectively. This study aimed to explore and describe recreational opportunities for young people with physical disabilities in Phalaborwa. Using the descriptive exploratory design, the study adopted a qualitative approach from an interpretive paradigm. Five recreational service providers were purposefully selected as key informants for this study. Twelve people with physical disabilities aged 18-35 years were purposefully chosen registered centers for people with disabilities to participate in interviews for the study. For this study, the focus was on young people with physical disabilities only without additional disabilities as that might require different needs. Participants were able to speak and comprehend information independently to avoid persuasion. A semi-structured interview schedule with open-ended were used to collect data face-to face with key informants and young people with physical disabilities
Service quality in leisure program delivery : a case of the Salomon Puffer endurance trail run
(University of the Western Cape, 2009) Joubert, Etienne; Jones, D; Mwaba, K
In a demanding and diverse corporate market any organization wanting to make a profit should adhere to certain business principles in order to stay economically competitive. The product of the leisure service organization consisting of tangible and intangible factors makes it difficult to market and sell their product as compared to organizations in the manufacturing industry. The quality of the product or service, made up of tangible and intangible factors therefore becomes the benchmark for the leisure service organization to ensure prolonged economic participation in an ever changing business environment. A service of high quality will therefore ensure higher profit and more opportunities for the leisure organization. This study assessed the service quality of the SALOMON PUFFER (hereafter called the PUFFER) Endurance Trail Run in Table Mountain Nature Reserve in Cape Town as a leisure event. Service quality of the PUFFER was assessed through 33 participants from South Africa of both male and female and ranging in the ages of 2l and,70 completing the SERVQUAL questionnaire specially adapted to an endurance event like the PUFFER. Questions addressed issues on five SERVQUAL dimensions namely: Responsiveness, Reliability, Tangibles, Assurance and Empathy as well as the awareness and usage ratings of certain tangible and intangible aspects not necessarily part of the five dimensions mentioned. Questions were answered on a five point Likert style scales ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Data was analyzed using the STATISTICA package of data analysis. The organizers were rated as excellent on all five dimensions with ratings of over 60%o on average with only physical facilities as tangible factor receiving a lower score of 33%o in terms of excellence. The conclusion of the study is that both tangible and intangible factors plays a role in the overall impression participants have on the leisure event. It indicates therefore that the participants in the PUFFER perceived the service delivered at the event to be of acceptable quality.
A comparative study for the removal of humic acids from power plants make-up waters
(University of the Western Cape, 2002-06) Linkov, V
Water treatment forms an integral part of thermal electric power generation (coal fired as well as nuclear power stations). There are generally two main water cycles associated with thermal power generation, namely the steam/water cycle that uses demin water for the production of steam and the cooling water circuit, which is used for condensing the steam back to water. The two cycles are isolated from each other and exchange heat via a condenser. Power station make up water treatment plants have traclltionally been designed to produce water of a very high quality (free from inorganic salts) by synthetic ion exchange resins. Raw water quality (mainly TDS, OA and silica) is the key factor in the design of the plant. Any deterioration of raw water quality during the life cycle of the plant, which is currently a South African and worldwide phenomenon, will inevitably have a negative impact on treatment plant performance and plant integrity. ln order to meet the specifications of the water quality required for proper plant operation, an extra burden, as well as associated treatment costs, will therefore have to be placed on existing treatment processes to compensate for change in feed water quality.
A study on the readability of the Eritrean biology textbook for grade eight
(University of the Western Cape, 2003-09) Ghebremichael, Ogbagebriel Elekal
The purpose of the study was to determine the readability of the Eritrean biology textbook for grade eight. The study was conducted in Eritrea in four selected senior secondary schools. The motivation for the study was the significant role textbooks play in the educational setting as a primary source of information. Drawing on the assumption that students and teachers depend heavily on textbooks as a major source of information, the study is premised on the assumption that students must be provided with materials, particularly, the textbooks, that take into consideration the language ability of the students for whom they are written. With this in mind, the research sets out to determine the readability of the grade eight biology textbook to find out the congruence or otherwise with its intended grade level learners. To collect data for the study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The quantitative research methods were the Flesch, the Frequency of Gobbledygook (FOG), and the Fry readability formulas, cloze test, Word Difficult Index (WDD test, and a questionnaire. These were used to ascertain the congruence or otherwise of the readability of the prescribed biology textbook for grade eight level students. The questionnaire was included for the purpose of data triangulation. The qualitative research method was a set of interviews with students, teachers and the biology curriculum designer. They were used to reveal first hand information from the subjects of the study about the appropriateness of the language used in the prescribed biology textbook in relation to its intended grade eight level students
Prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in flight baggage handlers at an international airport in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Ramashiya, Livhuwani Phylist; Leach, Lloyd
Background: Flight baggage handlers are prone to musculoskeletal disorders, due to the nature of their work that involves repetitive motion at certain joints, which over time, results in injury. Aim: The aim of the study was to examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in flight baggage handlers at an international airport in South Africa. Methods: The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlation design. The study used convenient sampling of 100 female and male flight baggage handlers, aged 18 to 65 years, from one international airport in South Africa. A researcher-generated questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, such as age, gender, marital status, and race. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, including stature, body mass, and waist and hip circumferences using standard equipment and procedures. The previously validated Dell’s questionnaire for baggage handlers was used to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among flight baggage handlers.
Experiences of stakeholders of a handball club on club development in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Saunders, Noluthando Ruth; Phillips, Julie
Sport participation, especially team sports such as Handball, can be extremely beneficial. Continuous sport growth relies on club development, and club development strengthens the club's social responsibility. Sports codes are reducing their club development programmes, and Handball is one of the sports that are hardest hit due to limited government funding and development programmes. The aim of the study is to explore the experiences of stakeholders of a Handball club in the Western Cape. An in-depth qualitative case study of a selected Handball club was conducted, with participants. These included club officials (chairperson, secretary, and treasurer), provincial federation official, and government official responsible for club development.
Relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of undergraduate university students regarding physical activity
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Qwabe, Nonhle Amanda Patience; Leach, Lloyd
The lack of physical activity is a major public health concern affecting many university students worldwide. Physical inactivity increases the risk of many negative health conditions, including obesity, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and breast and colon cancers. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of undergraduate university students regarding physical activity. This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. A total of 177 undergraduate students were conveniently recruited to participate in the study, males and females aged 18 years and older, in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (CHS) at a university in the Western Cape.
Participation of secondary school learners aged 14 to 16 years in organised sport
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Mia, Mohamed Ayyub; Leach, Lloyd
In South Africa, few children and adolescents belong to sports clubs, and adolescent participation in organised sport has steadily declined, especially in recent years. Participation levels in organised sport have decreased during late childhood and, more increasingly, as adolescents grow older. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the participation of secondary school learners aged 14 to 16 years in organised sport. The study was a quantitative and descriptive, cross-sectional design. The study sample was 329 conveniently sampled secondary school learners, males, and females, aged 14 to 16 years from three state schools in Cape Town, Western Cape Province.
Exploring the relationship between organizational structure and organizational responsibility: Perceptions of executive managers, sport coaches and elite athletes of Karate South Africa regarding sport performance
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Sookrajh, Sanhaviya S; Leach, Lloyd
The organizational structure of Karate South Africa (KSA) has been successful in enhancing karate as a sport, by providing structural support. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between organizational structure and the responsibility of KSA and, specifically, the perceptions of the executive managers, sport coaches and elite athletes of KSA regarding sport performance. A qualitative study was conducted using an exploratory narrative approach. Twenty participants consisting of executive managers, national sport coaches and elite athletes were recruited through purposive sampling. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with executive managers, sport coaches and nationally ranked athletes from KSA in the nine provinces.
An explorative study of the knowledge and use of mental skills training (mst) by coaches of Western Cape youth provincial sports
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Van Der Westhuizen, Gabi-Lee; Andrews, Barry
Mental skills training (MST) is an essential tool used to enhance sports performance to its optimal level. It is globally recommended by Sports Scientist, Sports Psychologist, coaches and even athletes. MST improves the mind-set of the athlete to develop the ability to concentrate more, increase motivation, manage anxiety, develop self-confidence and thereby enhance performance in competitive sport. Though MST is highly beneficial, it is also highly underused by coaches, whom widely misjudge poor performance as physical flaws and not a lack of mental skills. Coaches generally lack the knowledge of MST, but perceive its importance for performance rating it as beneficial to athletic growth.
Psychological effects of sport massage therapy
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Schilz, Mignon; Andrews, Barry
Sport massage therapy has been understood to have a positive effect on anxiety levels. It has been reported that sport massage therapy psychologically reduces stress levels, decreases nervous system tension and anxiety, as well as improves concentration during and after performances. Researchers tends to agree with these reports and have found that in the psychological area it has indicated that sports massage therapy does have a positive effect on anxiety levels. Research indicates that after receiving a sports massage the parasympathetic activity and the hormonal levels resulted in a relaxation response of the body's physiological mechanism.
The perceptions and attitudes of grade 10 life orientation teachers and school principals towards physical education in the Mankweng circuit of the Limpopo province of South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Shongwe, Thabiso Mapreme; Travill, Andre
The World Health Organization report of 2018 claimed that non-communicable diseases such as chronic respiratory illnesses, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders are becoming more pervasive. They contend that the problem emanates from certain lifestyle choices, such as smoking, being physically inactive, and eating poorly. Globally, it is estimated that 1.9 million people die each year because of physical inactivity. People who do not meet the recommended minimum levels of physical exercise are up to 1.5 times more likely to develop a cardiovascular disease. School Physical Education is regarded as the best medium through which children can be encouraged to be physically active as well as introducing them to healthy lifestyle choices. Every child has a right to participate in Physical Education, according to the UNESCO.
An explorative study on the perceptions of cricket players regarding development of life skills in student-athletes at a university in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Theoneill Fielies, Steve; Titus-Dawson, Simone
Sport-based youth development programme expose youth to prearranged sports and physical activity practices that explicitly concentrate on the development of personal and social life skills, along with physical development. The significance of this study in the field of life skills education at a tertiary institution where this study has been conducted assesses a student-athlete development programme with a primary focus on life skills promotion amongst cricket players at a university in the Western Cape Province. In the current climate of sports education, Sport-based youth development programmes purposefully draw on sport and physical activity contexts as the method for attaining positive youth development. The relevance of developing life skills in student-athletes is, therefore, pointed out in this research as it is clear that student-athletes require a range of both sport-specific and life skills.

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