Research Articles (School of Nursing)
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Item Perceptions of incivility in a nursing school at a university in south africa – cross-sectional study. “incivility in nursing education – is it a problem?”(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Fürst, Laetitia; Heradien, Zenobia; Abubu, JaniereRespectful civil behaviour of nurses is key to nursing practice and can directly affect quality of patient care. Reports of international studies on incivility in nursing schools is well documented, however little is known about incivility in nursing schools in South Africa. This study aimed to describe the nursing students’ perception of the level and occurrence of incivility in nursing students and faculty at a nursing school at a university in South Africa. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the student nurses’ perceptions of levels and occurrence of incivility among nursing students and faculty. The questionnaire included the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised (INE-R) scale. A sample of 277 was calculated, and an all-inclusive sampling method was used to target all undergraduate nursing students. Data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 and descriptive statistics, 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the data and Independent Samples Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare gender differences. The questionnaire was completed by 540 (77 %) undergraduate nursing student respondents, between 12 March 2021 and 20 April 2021. Respondents reported low levels of perceived student incivility behaviours (2.07 ± 0.7 [95 %CI 2.0–2.1]), with using a computer, phone, or other media device during class, meetings, activities for unrelated purposes being the highest rated perceived low-level student incivility behaviour (2.52 [95 %CI 2.43–2.62]. Low levels of perceived levels and occurrence of low faculty incivility were reported with respondents rating arriving late for class or other scheduled activities as the highest rated perceived level of low incivility behaviour (1.91 [95 %CI 1.82–1.99]). The highest perceived occurrence for low faculty incivility was being unavailable outside of class (not returning calls or emails, not maintaining office hours) (1.82 [95 %CI 1.74–1.9]. Though some perceived incivility amongst students and faculty in the selected nursing school exist, the occurrence is perceived to be low. Further investigations should explore the impact of uncivil behaviours in academic theory environments, and the impact on individuals in practice.Item South African nursing students' stress and resilience during the global COVID-19 health crisis(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Steenkamp, Ilze; Chipps, JenniferThe study aimed to investigate nursing students' psychological distress and their response to stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 370 South African nursing students (female= 75%; mean age= 21.9 years, SD = 3.9 years). Students completed the following scales: Compassion satisfaction and fatigue, Kessler psychological distress, and response to stressful experiences. Findings from the descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analyses indicated that students meeting the criteria for being well were likely to have higher resilience scores. Protective factors such as self-efficacy, active coping, and spirituality suggest higher resilience during COVID-19-related stressful events. Physiological factors such as self-reported medical conditions and lack of sleep were associated with poorer mental well-being. These findings provide a profile of nursing students' coping and adaptation to a community-spread pandemic. From these findings, nursing schools could manage students' well-being by providing needed resources in their current and future work health support programmes.Item Community service nurses in primary healthcare clinics: Experiences of supervision and support from professional nurses(AOSIS, 2022) Zambodla, Ayanda; Williams, Margaret; Ricks, EsmeraldaBackground: Newly qualified nurses in South Africa are required to undertake a compulsory 1-year community service (CS) in a public healthcare facility. They are not yet competent to work alone and require supervision and support from senior professional nurses. Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of community service nurses (CSNs) regarding supervision and support from professional nurses at primary healthcare clinics (PHC). Setting: The study was conducted with CSNs who were working in PHC clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). Methods: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 10 CSNs. Purposive sampling was used. Data were analysed using Tesch’s coding method of content analysis.Item Training needs of professional nurses in primary health care in the Cape Metropole, South Africa(African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2023) Kordom, Ashley; Daniels, Felicity; Chipps, JenniferBackground: In the fast-changing healthcare environment, it is important to ensure that primary health care (PHC) nurses are suitably qualified and have access to appropriate and relevant ongoing education. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the training needs of professional nurses working in PHC facilities. Setting: The research was conducted in PHC facilities in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey with all-inclusive sampling was used. All professional nurses (N = 303), employed for at least a minimum of 6 months in PHC facilities were included in the study. The Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Analysis (TNA) questionnaire was used to collect the data on professional tasks training needs and open-ended questions for specific PHC contextual training needs. Importance and performance means for each of the TNA subsections and training needs were calculated. Open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis, identifying training domains and topics in terms of frequency and ranking.Item Validity and utility of instruments for screening of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district in Malawi(AOSIS, 2018) Chorwe-Sungani, Genesis; Chipps, JenniferScreening instruments should be brief, valid and easy to use if they are to be useful in a busy antenatal clinic in low-resource settings. A short instrument can be used in a busy antenatal clinic in combination with a more detailed instrument once referred. This study aimed at assessing the validity of a range of depression screening instruments and to test the utility of combining these instruments for use in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. This was a sensitivity analysis study using a sub-sample of 97 pregnant women drawn from a cross-sectional study (sample size = 480) that was screening for depression in eight antenatal clinics. Data from the cross-sectional study for the 97 pregnant women on the 3-item screener, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 (HSCL-15) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), was compared with a gold standard, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) were calculated to test for validity of the instruments. The utility of various combinations of the instruments was tested using the compensatory, conjunctive, probability and sequential rules.Item Performance of the 3-item screener, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, the Hopkins symptoms checklist-15 and the self-reporting questionnaire and pregnancy risk questionnaire, in screening of depression in antenatal clinics in the Blantyre district of Malawi(University of Malawi, 2018) Chorwe-Sungani, Genesis; Chipps, JenniferScreening instruments for antenatal depression vary in performance. This study aimed at assessing the performance of a range of screening instruments in detecting depressive symptoms in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen for depression among women attending 8 selected antenatal clinics in Blantyre district using 3-item screener, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 (HSCL-15), Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (PRQ). The instruments were administered to a random sample of 480 pregnant women. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 testing for performance differences in proportions of screen positives and how screen positive results might differ by particular variables.Item Perceptions of nurses on TB with HIV adherence counselling skills in a health sub-district, Cape Town: A qualitative study(AOSIS, 2022) Ticha, Victoire; Bimerew, Million; Phetlhu, Deliwe R.People living with HIV (PLHIV) co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB) account for one in three HIV-related deaths. Retention in care and adherence to medication remain key behaviours that PLHIV co-infected with TB must adopt to achieve better health outcomes. Nevertheless, TB with HIV adherence-counselling services provided by nurses designed to enhance these behaviours remain inadequate. Additionally, limited information is found in the literature on the perceptions of nurses regarding their TB with HIV adherence counselling skills pertaining to PLHIV co-infected with TB.Item Mothers' perceptions of female genital mutilation(Oxford University Press, 2014) Ahanonu, Ezihe; Victor, O.The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is widespread in Nigeria. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of FGM among mothers at a primary healthcare centre in Lagos, Nigeria. A convenience sample of 95 mothers completed the pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test was used to test for association between variables. Findings showed that the mothers held ambivalent beliefs about the practice.Item Towards the development of a community-based model for promoting cervical cancer prevention among Yoruba women in Ibadan Nigeria: Application of PEN-3 model(Taylor and Francis Group, 2019) Olanlesi-Aliu, A. D; Martin, P. D; Daniels, F. MThrough the identification of the barriers to the uptake of prevention services for cervical cancer and ways topromote prevention of cervical cancer in the community, this research study purposed the development of a community-based model for promoting cervical cancer prevention among Yoruba women living in Ibadan, Nigeria. An exploratory, descriptive design was used to collect data from 20 health workers and four policy makers using semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews respectively. The PEN-3 cultural model developed by Airhenbuwa in 1998guided the exploration of the barriers to the uptake of available prevention services for cervical cancer, and the ways topromote the prevention of cervical cancer. Three interrelated and interdependent primary domains, namely cultural identity,relationships and expectations, and cultural empowerment, form the basis of the PEN-3 model. Cultural identity emphasisesthe subjective responses in relation to the community and cervical cancer prevention.Item Objective structured clinical examination: Do first-year nursing students perceive it to be stressful?(AOSIS, 2023) Emebigwine, Dorothee Line Adibone; Linda, Ntombizodwa S.B.; Martin, PenelopeThe Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is widely accepted as an effective means of assessing clinical competence and nursing skills. There is, however, little existing knowledge on how first-year nursing students perceived stress during their first OSCE. To determine the perception of stress; to identify the perceived factors causing stress; and to determine the perceived incidence of stress. A descriptive, survey was conducted on a sample of 82 first-year nursing students using the Perceived Stress Scale (PPS).Item Outcomes of births attended by private midwives in the Gauteng Province of South Africa: A retrospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2023) Jordaan-Schlebusch, Christ´el; Minnie, Catharina SusannaMidwives are important role players in providing women-centred care for low-risk pregnant women. South African women use either public or private health care services during pregnancy and birth. As the public sector is overburdened, women do not receive a high level of continuity of care there. The private sector is mainly obstetrician-led and intervention-driven. Private midwife-led care is available in South Africa, but is limited to the major cities. No evidence could be found about the outcomes of private midwife-led care in South Africa. The objective reported in this paper was to compare the outcomes of and interventions during births attended by private midwives in Gauteng with the latest Cochrane review on midwife-led care. A retrospective cohort design was used to audit the birth registers of private midwives in Gauteng, focusing on outcomes and interventions as in the most recent Cochrane review on midwife-led care.Item Nursing informatics skills relevance and competence for final year nursing students(AOSIS, 2022) Chipps, Jennifer; le Roux, Loretta; Agabus, JakobinaThe increasing use of technology in nursing practice requires nursing students to be competent in nursing informatics with an attitude of acceptance of technology in the healthcare environment. The objectives of the study were to determine final year nursing students’ perceptions and skills in nursing informatics and their attitudes towards computerisation in nursing practice.Item Contextual factors influencing self-management of adolescents and youth living with HIV: A cross-sectional survey in Lesotho(MDPI, 2023) Nagenda, Mapaseka Chabalala; Crowley, TalithaHIV treatment outcomes of adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLWH) are lagging. One way to improve outcomes is through supporting AYLWH to acquire self-management skills. Although self-management is associated with improved health outcomes, condition-specific, individual/family, and social/environmental contextual factors influence self-management. We aimed to describe factors influencing the self-management of AYLWH in Lesotho. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. AYLWH (n = 183) aged 15–24 were conveniently sampled from two HIV treatment sites in Lesotho. Participants completed self-report questionnaires in English or Sesotho. Participants (89.1% female) had high HIV self-management scores (mean 92.7%, SD 5.3%) that corresponded with treatment outcomes (98.9% adherent and 100% viral load < 1000 copies/mL). This might be attributed to condition-specific factors, including once-daily doses (100%) and longer duration of treatment (81.4% on ART for more than 10 years).Item Nursing students’ experiences of clinical assessment at a university in South Africa(AOSIS, 2023) Donough, GabiebaNursing education includes both classroom and clinical teaching. The clinical teaching was explored through this research. The successful training of the undergraduate nursing students can be attributed to effective clinical teaching and supervision and is determined by both training requirements and services provided. Although there have been several researches on clinical supervision, there is still a dearth of information of the realities of supervision regarding assessment of undergraduate nursing students. The authors’ original thesis formed the foundation of this manuscript. This study aimed to explore and describe nursing students at the undergraduate level experiences regarding clinical supervision.Item Effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for adolescents living with HIV in low- and middle income countries: A systematic review protocol(Public Library of Science, 2023) Crowley, Talitha; Petinger, Charne; van Wyk, BrianAdolescents living with chronic conditions such as HIV (ALHIV) are challenged to remain adherent and engaged in HIV care. Technology offers a promising platform to deliver behaviour-change interventions to adolescents. The largest proportion of ALHIV resides in sub-Saharan Africa; yet little is known about the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of technology-enabled interventions to deliver and support health care to ALHIV in resource-constraint settings. This study aims to explore the literature and synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for ALHIV in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Eight electronic databases (Ebscohost, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Sabinet) and Google Scholar will be searched to identify technology-enabled health interventions for ALHIV in LMIC published from 2010–2022. Quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on technology-enabled health interventions for predominantly adolescents (10–19 years) will be included.Item Out of chaos leaders emerged(Elsevier, 2023) Brysiewicz, Petra; Chipps, JenniferThere has always been a recognition for the need of a strong nursing workforce in his- tory. After the end of World War II, President Truman in the Associated Press, 1946, February 28, stated that nurses are “one of the most important groups of health workers in the country.”1 More than 70 years later, in 2020, the Year of the Nurse, with more than 5 million cases of COVID-19 recorded around the world, “nurses were standing firm against the onslaught of the virus and have saved many thousands of lives” (ICN President, 2020).2 Toward the end of 2019, our world changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and our lives, both personally and professionally, were irrevocably altered. Although hailed as heroes,3 nurses were faced with finding new ways of living and new ways of work- ing while navigating this changed landscape. For nurses across the globe, numerous new challenges emerged but so too has there been the emergence of a resilient work- force with new learning and ways of doing.Item Sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa(BMC, 2022) Mwamba, Bupe; Mayers, Pat; Shea, JawayaGlobally and in South Africa, university students’ knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is low. This study was conducted in response to the dearth of information about the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students. Research conducted to explore the SRH knowledge of undergraduate students suggests that the level of SRH knowledge among undergraduate students is low. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students with regards to contraceptives, sexually transmitted illnesses (STI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Pap smear and clinical breast examination at University of Cape Town (UCT), in South Africa. A cross sectional survey design was utilized, using an adapted and pretested online questionnaire. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students at the UCT. Minor adjustments were made to the questionnaire to suit the South African context. Selected aspects of SRH were included in the current study: knowledge and use of contraceptives, Pap smear, clinical breast examination, STIs and HIV. These variables were considered to be general enough to be answerable by male and female respondents and are the most important considerations in reproductive health care in South Africa, as there is a high prevalence of STIs, HIV and cervical and breast cancers.Item Factors promoting exclusive breastfeeding at a public health facility in Windhoek Namibia: A descriptive comparative study(Elsevier, 2023) Nangolo, Ruusa Megameno; Robertson, Anneline; Crowley, TalithaExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) refers to the practice of giving an infant breast milk only up to the age of six months, except for oral rehydration solutions or drops/syrups of vitamins, minerals or medicines. Globally and in Namibia, EBF rates remain well below the 70% World Health Organisation (WHO) target. This study aimed to investigate factors that promote EBF amongst mothers at a public health facility in Windhoek, Namibia. A quantitative comparative descriptive design was used. Women aged 18 and above with infants aged 0 to 6 months attending a public health facility (n = 270) in Windhoek, Namibia, were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, economic, knowledge, psychosocial, biophysical and sociocultural factors. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression..Item Health literacy knowledge and experiences of nursing students at a South African university(UNISA PRESS, 2019) Mibei, Francisca; Daniels, FelicityA worldwide high prevalence of low health literacy has been reported, and despite the emergence of health literacy as a better determinant of health than socio-economic status, it is alarming that little attention is being accorded to training health workers on health literacy practices. This study thus sought to describe the health literacy knowledge and experiences of nursing students gained duringtraining in order to establish a basis that will inform future health literacy training.A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out using a questionnaire to establish the health literacy knowledge and experienceof 82nursing students.Data wereanalysed using descriptive as well as inferential statistics. The students exhibited unsatisfactory health literacy knowledge as measured by the questionnaire, with an average score of 73per cent, with knowledge gaps in some areas–for example with regard to the effectof low health literacy on patient health outcomes and identification of patients with low health literacy.Item Effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for adolescents living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review(MDPI, 2023) Crowley, Talitha; Petinger, Charné; Nchendia, Azia IvoAdolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are challenged to remain adherent and engaged in HIV care. Technology-enabled interventions can be used to optimize healthcare delivery to adolescents. The largest proportion of ALHIV resides in sub-Saharan Africa. This review synthesized the evidence for the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-enabled health interventions for ALHIV in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Eight electronic databases (Ebscohost, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Sabinet) and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies in LMIC published from 2010 to 2022. Quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on technology-enabled health interventions for predominantly adolescents (10–19 years) were included. The review was performed, and findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols.