Magister Philosophiae - MPhil (Statistics and Population Studies)

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African female migrants and housing acquisition in South Africa: A comparison between 2001 and 2011 Population Census
(University of Western Cape, 2021) Mokabati, Koketso Percy; Nsengiyumva, Philomene
African female migrants make up a large portion of the population in general and in South Africa in particular. This includes both the documented and the undocumented female migrants. Nonetheless, they are confronted with a housing challenge in the countries of destination. This study seeks to examine the types of housing, the methods of housing acquisition, and the size of housing that African female migrants have access to. This study used secondary data of the 2001 and 2011 Population Censuses, gathered from the (Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) database to look into African female migration and housing acquisition in South Africa. The study used the Chi-square test statistic to measure the relationship between the variables of interest.
Assessing some socio-economic and demographic changes affecting the employment in the informal sector between the years 2017 and 2020
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Mkulisi, Sibusisiwe; Appunni, Sathiya
In most developing countries, the informal workforce comprises over half of the total workforce, reaching approximately 68.5% in South Africa. This category includes self-employed individuals in informal enterprises and wage workers in informal jobs. Multiple pressures, such as escalating youth unemployment, rapid urbanization, heightened migration in economically advanced provinces, and persistent financial crises, have collectively driven the growth of the informal sector during periods of economic instability in South Africa's labour market. From a socio-demographic standpoint, this study examines the structural shifts that impact informal employment. Specifically, it evaluates how socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and education are related to work within the informal sector. Moreover, this research adopts a comparative approach, assessing how these variables manifest changes in informal sector employment between 2017 and 2020.
Assessing the quality of demographic data on age and sex collected from census 2001, General Household surveys (2004-2007), Labour Force surveys (2005-2007) and Community survey 2007 in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Kamleu, Germaine; Tati, Gabriel
In many countries, an enumeration of all household members remains the most important source of population statistics. According to Statistics South Africa, two population censuses and quite a few household surveys have taken place across the country. The quality of data recorded varies according to the operation. Despite great improvement in data collection and analysis capacities,some of the demographic data provided have not been assessed in terms of quality. The aim of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of demographic data on age and sex collected and the coverage during the population census 2001, General Household Surveys (2004 and 2007), Labour Force Surveys (2005 and 2007) and Community survey 2007 in South Africa. Two methods were applied to assess the quality of data. First, the direct method consists of checking the content and coverage (errors during enumeration, errors of exploitation, concordance in questionnaire). Second, the indirect method lies in the calculation of some indexes, age ratios,sex ratios, graphing of population pyramids and sex ratios curves. The indexes are Whipple’s index, Myer’s index and the Combined index of United Nations. Therefore, the main variables of interest are age, sex, place of residence and ethnic groups. Differentials in the quality according to declaration on age by gender, by ethnic group, by place of residence have been explored. This study has identified some variations in different indexes between 2001 and 2007 and has also evaluated the ethnic, gender and regional differentials. Comparison between indexes of each instrument has been done to measure some variations over years. Also, time-space comparisons were conducted across indexes of different instruments. The quality of data on age was better at national level compared to provincial level. Therefore, based on the measurements and patterns observed in the census and surveys data, the study has made some recommendations on the need for an integrated approach to reduce the gap and improve the quality of declarations on age and sex.
Being a mother and owning an informal hairdressing business in Cape Town, South Africa : a study on Congolese female migrants
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Gobile, Zizipho; Tati, Gabriel
This study investigates how female migrants negotiate the tension that arises from being entrepreneurs, being mothers, and having families. It shows how entrepreneurship offers them self-emancipation but limits the time they spend raising their children and time they spend with their families, but puts them in a position to provide financially for themselves, their children, and families. The focus of the study is on Congolese female migrant and also females from few African countries. It is hypothesized that female migration and entrepreneurship negatively impacts the relationships of these females with their children and families. Data was obtained through a survey of fifty-three respondents who were conveniently selected. This took place in the Western Cape Province, taking Cape Town, Bellville, and Parow as the cities to be observed. The statistical package for social sciences was used to analyze data. The results showed that female entrepreneurship has a negative impact on their relationships with their children but to an extent improves their relationships with their families and/or partners.
The correlation between the serious diseases affecting child mortality in Sierra Leone
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Davids, Saarah Fatoma Gadija; Susuman, Sathiya A.
Child mortality in Sierra Leone is the highest ranked in the world. Government officials and researchers have tried to understand how and why this has become such a big phenomenon in Sierra Leone. Researchers have come up with three main causes for child mortality in Sierra Leone: maternal factors, environmental factors and health factors. The majority of research has been carried out on maternal, as well as environmental factors. However, minimal research has been carried out on health factors in Sierra Leone. Therefore, the objective of this study is to see how maternal and environmental factors have an effect on health factors, which in turn causes child mortality. The data used was from the 2008 Sierra Leone Demographic and Household Survey (SLDHS). The child dataset was used as it contained the information required from both the mother and the child. Of the three categories that were used, the first was maternal factors, which included the mother’s age, the mother's occupation, the mother's education, the sex of the child, the birth number and religion. The second category was environmental factors, which included the source of water, type of toilet, place of residence, source of energy and the dwelling material used for the household. The final category was health factors, which included whether the child had a fever in the last 2 weeks, short rapid breaths, a cough or fever, a problem in the chest or runny nose and whether the child had Diarrhoea recently and still has Diarrhoea. The study showed that child mortality had four statistically significant factors associated with it: place of residence, birth number, religion and type of toilet facility. Furthermore, when it came to diseases affecting children, the SLDHS had not given much information, so we looked only at the effects it had on children. From our results, we concluded that ARI, Diarrhoea and Measles each had one variable that was statistically significant to it. As for Pneumonia, there were no variables associated with children contracting the disease.
Demographic and health impact of alcohol and tobacco in Cameroon and Albania
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Karriem, Ahmed Tawfeeq; Stiegler, Nancy
The aim of this article is to illustrate a comparative analysis of the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use and its impact on demographic and health indicators in Cameroon and Albania. Tobacco is the leading cause of death, illness and impoverishment. It kills more than eight million people each year; of which around 1.2 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke (WHO, 2021). The harmful use of alcohol is also a global problem resulting in millions of deaths, it is not only a causal factor in many diseases, but also a precursor to injury, violence and risky sexual behaviour. The evolving methods of consumption and harmful byproducts are not fully being attenuated to prevent initiation or discourage its continuance. The issue is that alcohol and tobacco industries provide enticingly substantial economic benefits.
Demographic aspects of migrants’ access to drinkable water in South Africa: Insight from the 2011 census
(University of the Western Cape, 2020) Duba, Vuyolethu; Nsengiyumva, Philomene
The issue of migrants’ access to drinkable water is a developmental issue. From a fundamental research view point, this study aims to explore the circumstances in which migrants access water across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of South Africa. The study examines the inequalities that may arise in the context of piped water access, different water sources, other alternative water, reliability of water, and closely related issues focusing specifically on internal migrants in general. The study focuses on demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, employment status, level of income, duration of residence, province of residence and ethnic groups. Bringing together the demographic variables and water related variables, the study captures the determinants of water access by comparing metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Using the 2011 Census secondary data requested from Statistics South Africa, cross tabulation and bivariate statistical analysis by means of SPSS software was performed.
Determinants of access and utilization of health care facilities among women in South Africa: The case of the Eastern Cape province
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Abrams, Robynne Danielle; Nsengiyumva, Philomene
Access to healthcare is a requirement for human well-being. However, women who seek medical care when needed are still confronted with significant access barriers. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the access and utilization of healthcare facilities among female household heads in South Africa, particularly in the Eastern Cape Province. The study used socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics such as age, level of education, monthly household income, area of residence, employment status and medical aid membership to measure the relationship between the types of healthcare facilities women utilize, the travelling time to healthcare facilities and the means of transport they use to access healthcare facilities in the Eastern Cape Province.
Determinants of contraceptive use among currently married women in Amhara and Oromiya Regions of Ethiopia
(University of the Western Cape, 2009) Teferi, Zeleka; Appunni, Sathiya Susuman; Dept. of Statistics; Faculty of Science
The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15-49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).
Determinants of household access to and perceived quality of water in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Oyowe, Comfort Oritsebemigho; Tati, Gabriel
Like many African countries, South Africa is challenged with uneven distribution and insufficient access to potable water. The issue of inadequate access to water is more pronounced in the marginalized region where most households that rely on surface water reside. Indeed, issues relating to access to water, unequal distribution and water quality perception among households remain underexplored, given that Water crises is one of the global threats in terms of societal effect and development and have been projected to be the most concerning risk ahead of climate change, extreme weather events and food crises.
The determinants of mothers’ access to antenatal healthcare in South Africa: insights from the Eastern Cape province
(2023) Bhosale, Shenitha; Nsengiyumva, Philomene
Eastern Cape Province has historically experienced challenges in its improvements and provisions for women’s access to primary healthcare facilities. Women in the Eastern Cape province continue to lack access to antenatal care; in some cases, the mother and unborn child suffer terrible consequences. For this reason, the study aimed to identify the profile of women who access and utilise antenatal care in Eastern Cape Province. The study measured the relationship between women’s socio-demographic, socio-economic characteristics and the timing of antenatal healthcare, number of antenatal healthcare visits, and blood pressure monitoring among women living in the Eastern Cape. The study used data from the South African Demographic and Health Survey 2016. In this study, univariate analysis was employed to define the characteristics of the women. Bivariate analysis was used through cross-tabulation to determine the relationship between the women's characteristics, the timing of the antenatal healthcare visit, the number of antenatal healthcare visits, and whether their blood pressure was taken during pregnancy. Chi-square testing was conducted to assess the association between the women's characteristics and access to antenatal healthcare. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing antenatal healthcare access. The data was analysed using SPSS version 28 and Excel. The study found that age, marital status, population group, wealth index and working status influenced the women’s timing of their first antenatal healthcare visit, the number of antenatal healthcare visits and their blood pressure being monitored during pregnancy. Therefore, the South African Government, specifically the Policy Makers and the Eastern Cape Department of Health, must consider increasing awareness of the importance of proper antenatal healthcare utilisation.
The determinants of under-five child mortality in the state of Palestine and Malawi: A comparative study
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Hera, Robynn Ashley; Stiegler, Nancy
Mortality is one of the significant vital events for which a government collects data, especially child mortality, because it is one of the contributing indicators that are used to assess the wellbeing of a nation. Globally, in the public health sphere, under-five child mortality remains a major concern, especially in developing countries. There has been significant progress made to reduce under-five child mortality rates since 1990s. The global under-five child mortality rate has dropped by 60%, from 93 deaths per 1 000 live births in 1990 to 37 deaths per 1 000 live births in 2020.
Determinants of under-five mortality in South Africa: A logistic regression
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Bija, Yanelisa; Ogujiuba, Kanayo
While several interventions have been implemented over the past decade to combat child mortality, under-five mortality remains a challenge especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global-ly, child mortality has decreased to half from 12.7 million in 1990 to 5.9 million per year in 2015. Despite these remarkable gains, more than 16,000 children are dying daily in the world (World Health Organisation, 2015). Previous studies on child survival have examined the contributing factors of child deaths and HIV/AIDS epidemic and socio-economic differentials such as the level of education, type of place of residence,and mother’s occupational status were identified as the contributing factor towards the high rate of under-five mortality. How-ever, there is a paucity of studies focusing on the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality. Hence this study aims to explore the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on under-five mortality in South Africa. There are underlying factors or background determinants (including direct and indirect) of under-five mortality. These factors influence under-five mortality in South Africa, and the direct causes are called proximate determinants or demographic factors. The conceptual framework of Mosley and Chen (1984) was adopted to explore the ways of influence of the underlying factors on under-five mortality in their study of determinants of child survival.
Differentials in school attendance in South Africa: a household situational analysis across the provinces
(2009) Koledade, Odesoji Adebanji; Tati, Gabriel
The thesis examines the patterns of school attendance across the nine Provinces of South Africa. With reference to individuals of eligible age, school attendance is conceived of three statuses: effective attendance (those who are presently attending an educational institution), definitive non-attendance (those with no intentions of going back to school), and temporary non-attendance (possibility of going back to the educational system within a specified time frame). The focus of the study is on the primary and secondary levels of schooling. A household based approach is pursued to profile the extent to which young people aged 20 years and below either who attend/do not attend schooling institutions in each of the nine Provinces. Differentials in school attendance are examined along the lines of some socio-demographic and spatial variables drawn from the 2004 general household survey conducted by Statistics South Africa. The core hypothesis is that school attendance is subjected to the influence of both individual attributes and household characteristics. The study also attempts to profile the causes of non-attendance (definitive and temporary) through a set of instrumental variables. To complement this subjective profiling,appropriate statistical methods are used to assess the significance of contributing factors to non-school attendance at the household level.
Differentials in school attendance in South Africa: A household situational analysis across the Provinces
(University of the Western Cape, 2008) Koledade, Odesoji Adebanji; Tati, G.
The thesis examines the patterns of school attendance across the nine Provinces of South Africa. With reference to individuals of eligible age, school attendance is conceived of three statuses: effective attendance (those who are presently attending an educational institution), definitive non-attendance (those with no intentions of going back to school), and temporary non-attendance (possibility of going back to the educational system within a specified time frame). The focus of the study is on the primary and secondary levels of schooling. A household based approach is pursued to profile the extent to which young people aged 20 years and below either who attend/do not attend schooling institutions in each of the nine Provinces. Differentials in school attendance are examined along the lines of some socio-demographic and spatial variables drawn from the 2004 general household survey conducted by Statistics South Africa. The core hypothesis is that school attendance is subjected to the influence of both individual attributes and household characteristics. The study also attempts to profile the causes of non-attendance (definitive and temporary) through a set of instrumental variables. To complement this subjective profiling, appropriate statistical methods are used to assess the significance of contributing factors to non-school attendance at the household level.
Differing patterns of international migration in Southern Africa: A regional analysis
(University of the Western Cape, 2020) James, Pamela; Tati, Gabriel
The study analyses the changing patterns of international migration within the Southern African region. Topics surrounding migration are rapidly gaining importance, especially in the context of regional integration. Past research has focused primarily on South African migration, neglecting or, rather, paying less attention to the migration within other countries in the Southern African region. This study includes all the migration trends across the countries in Southern Africa while discussing contemporary migration trends within Southern Africa.
Factors affecting the enrolment rate of students in higher education institutions in the Gauteng province, South Africa : based on General Household Survey 2012
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Matsolo, Tlou Mpho Joyce; Sathiya Susuman, A
Background: In South Africa, many students are not able to register at higher education institutions after receiving their high school diploma. The majority of those who do register do not even complete their tertiary studies. The purpose of this research project is to investigate and analyse higher education institutions’ enrolment and dropout within the Gauteng province, South Africa. Data and Methods: Large-scale secondary data from the General Household Survey (GHS, 2012), obtained from Statistics South Africa were used. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and the Statistical Analyst System (SAS) software package were utilised for quantitative analysis. The numerous local and international pedagogical studies synthesised in this research show that finance, unplanned pregnancies, orphanhood and transport to the higher education institutions are some of the main concerns that affect the enrolment rate of students. Further variables such as gender, race, ethnicities and the type of institution have also negatively affected the enrolment rate of students, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Results: According to the ICEF Monitor 2015, current higher education enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa is 8%. The UIS Fact Sheet 2010 revealed that the enrolment ratio is 4.8% for women compared to 7.3% for men. The present study focuses on the Gauteng province's students who have completed their high school education, as well as those who are either registered or not registered within the province’s higher education institutions, and are between the ages of 17 and 35 years. Conclusion: This study hopes to be useful to policy-makers, research managers and other decision makers within education.
Factors associated with land acquisition for food production among small-scale farmers in South Africa
(University of Western Cape, 2021) Mbamba, Faith Sabelo; Nsengiyumva, Philomene
The purpose of this study is to investigate determinants of land tenure, agricultural activities involvement, and the use of agricultural products and stock keeping among small-scale farmers across all nine provinces of South Africa. Little is known regarding tenure status that households typically use to access land across nine provinces of South Africa. The characteristics of household heads in small-scale farming still under-researched; and socio-demographic characteristics for household subsistence still scanty in the literature. GHS between 2015 and 2018 from StatsSA was employed.
Factors associated with low-use of skilled birth attendants in Zimbabwe
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Vondo, Noloyiso; Appunni, Sathiya Susuman
Skilled birth attendance at childbirth is vital for decreasing maternal and child mortality in Zimbabwe. Infant mortality and maternal mortality in Zimbabwe are quite high due to low- use of skilled birth attendance. Based on different study sources, home delivery with complications are high, with many socio-economic and demographic associated factors including lack or no use of skilled birth attendance at childbirth in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the study looked at "preventive" which refers to an action taken to reduce or eliminate the probability of specific undesirable events or dangers from happening in the future and the present time in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to highlight the significance of the crucial function within the health systems of saving both the lives of a mother and the child. Furthermore to determine the frequent use of maternal health care services (skilled birth attendant) and identify factors affecting them. The data that was used was nationally represented large scale secondary data ZDHS of Zimbabwe with sample population n = 9,171. It was a secondary data that included all the provinces of Zimbabwe, simple random sampling was used that had questionnaires of both man, women and household questionnaires, these questionnaires helped in examining the socio-economic factors and determinants that leads to low-use of skilled birth attendants at childbirth. The prosed statistics analysis that were used were univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. The statistical analysis showed that demographic variables such age, place of delivery and socio-economic factors such as level of education of a mother and wealth index (occupation of a parent) and region has a significant effect on the use of skilled birth attendant during birth. Women with higher level of education were found to have high use rate of maternal health care services (Skilled birth attendants), while women with primary and secondary education were found to have high use rate of less ( traditional birth attendant) or no use of skilled birth attendant. Therefore, the female age at birth, place of delivery, level of education and wealth index played a major role in decision making about the importance of having a skilled birth attendant when giving birth. The access to skilled birth attendance was found to be a significant factor in reducing maternal and child mortality in Zimbabwe. Furthermore women need to be educated about the importance of maternal health care services use and postnatal care and the department of health in Zimbabwe can implement mobile clinics for those who are residing far from health facilities.
Factors associated with teenage pregnancies and childbearing among girls currently attending high school in South Africa.
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Mgudlwa, Tshawekazi Sinako; Susuman, Sathiya A.
Teenage pregnancy and childbearing in South Africa are very common and persistent issues. Despite the different types of birth control methods that the government of South Africa has provided to the public, teenage pregnancy and childbearing at schools seems to be still a great challenge. This persistent problem implies that the children get sexually active at young ages. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse the factors associated with pregnancy and childbearing among teenage girls currently attending high school in South Africa. Secondary data drawn from the General Household Surveys (2011-2014) and 10% sample data from the 2011 South African census were used. Bivariate, and Multivariate analyses were carried in order to meet the aims of the study. The study analysed the prevalence, trends, and determinants of self-reported pregnancy as well as the extent of childbearing among teenage girls currently attending high school using data from the General Household Surveys (GHS) for the years beginning in 2011 to 2014 as well as Population Census 2011. The study is based on the assumption that there were no significant changes in the prevalence of self reported pregnancies and in childbearing among teenage girls currently attending high school in the different periods under study.

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