Browsing by Author "Mulubwa, Mwila"

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    Amount of cycloserine emanating from terizidone metabolism and relationship with hepatic function in patients with drug resistant tuberculosis
    (Springer, 2019) Mulubwa, Mwila; Mugabo, Pierre
    The dosing of cycloserine and terizidone is the same, as both drugs are considered equivalent or used interchangeably. Nevertheless, it is not certain from the literature that these drugs are interchangeable. Therefore, the amount of cycloserine resulting from the metabolism of terizidone and the relationship with hepatic function were determined. This prospective clinical study involved 39 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis admitted for an intensive phase of treatment. Cycloserine pharmacokinetic parameters for individual patients, like area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CLm/F), peak concentration (Cmax) and trough concentration (Cmin), were calculated from a previously validated joint population pharmacokinetic model of terizidone and cycloserine. Correlation and regression analyses were performed for pharmacokinetic parameters and unconjugated bilirubin (UB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), albumin, the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), or binding afnity of UB to albumin (Kaf), using R statistical software version 3.5.3.
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    Assessment of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics and Dose Regimen Optimisation in Preterm Neonates
    (Springer Nature, 2020) Mulubwa, Mwila; Griesel, Heletje Aletta; Mugabo, Pierre E.
    The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin, a drug used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), varies between paediatric and adult patients. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in preterm neonates and determine the optimum dose regimen.
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    Parental reporting of adverse drug reactions in South Africa: An online survey
    (AOSIS, 2021) Pillay, Shavani; Mulubwa, Mwila; Viljoen, Michelle
    The high incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children is of global concern. Enhancing the reporting of ADRs could contribute to making safer medicines available to children.To assess parents’ awareness of reporting ADRs and their knowledge on the reporting procedures in South Africa.The questionnaire was completed voluntarily by 206 respondents. The majority of participants (70.9%) were aware of the term ADR. Significant associations between not being aware of the term ADR and single marital status, lower education level, not having private medical aid and accessing public clinics for medical services were found. The majority (66.5%) of participants did report an ADR to a healthcare professional whilst only 15% reported it to a product manufacturer. More than half of the participants (58.7%) knew how to report ADRs whilst 72.8% knew what type of ADRs to report. Almost a third (32.5%) did not know where more information on ADR reporting could be found or how ADRs could be reported (31.5%)
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    Population pharmacokinetics of terizidone and cycloserine in patients with drugresistant tuberculosis
    (University of the Western Cape, 2019) Mulubwa, Mwila; Mugabo, Pierre
    Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a major world health problem and one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite adequate adherence to antituberculosis drugs by patients, the emergence of drug-resistance tuberculosis still occurs. This fact implies other factors leading to the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A multidrug treatment regimen, which may consist of five to seven different drugs including terizidone, is used in the treatment of drugresistance tuberculosis. Terizidone is part of the multidrug regimen whose pharmacokinetics is scarce in literature and plasma concentration profile unknown. Two molecules of cycloserine joined by terephtalaldehyde moiety makes up a molecule of terizidone, which is thought to undergo complete metabolism into cycloserine in vivo. Additionally, the current literature report that terizidone and cycloserine can be used interchangeably as they are thought to be equivalent. The aim of this thesis was first to develop and validate bioanalytical methods for determination of terizidone and cycloserine in patients’ plasma samples. Secondly, to model population pharmacokinetics of terizidone and cycloserine. Thirdly, to determine the amount of cycloserine resulting from metabolism of terizidone.
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    Steady‐state population pharmacokinetics of terizidone and itsmetabolite cycloserine in patients with drug‐resistanttuberculosis
    (Wiley, 2019) Mulubwa, Mwila; Mugabo, Pierre
    Despite terizidone being part of the second‐line recommended drugs fortreatment of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB), information on its pharmacokineticsis scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the steady‐state population pharma-cokinetics (PPK) of terizidone and its primary metabolite cycloserine in patients withDR‐TB and determine the effect of patient characteristics. This clinical study involved 39 adult DR‐TB patients admitted toBrewelskloof Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa for intensive treatment phase.Blood samples were collected at predose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hoursafter drug administration. The estimation of PPK parameters was performed usingnonlinear mixed‐effects modelling software Monolix 2018R1. Free‐fat mass was usedto perform allometric scaling on disposition parameters.