UWCScholar :: Browsing by Author "Martin, Penelope"

Browsing by Author "Martin, Penelope"

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Assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and perceived risks of professional nurses in a psychiatric hospital, Western Cape, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Makaudze, Tsitsi Regina; Martin, Penelope
As South Africa continues to experience the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally, co-occurring mental illness poses challenges for public health. Mental illness has increased among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as infected individuals succumb to the psychological stress and trauma of the disease. Key research issues, not yet well established, relate to whether professional nurses, working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to provide effective mental healthcare services, given the increase in mental illness of PLWHA. An increase in mental illness translates into an increase in demand for psychiatric services by PLWHA. There is a paucity of research on HIV/AIDS knowledge of professional nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, despite the established acknowledgement of the increase of mental illness amongst PLWHA. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and perceived risks of professional nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive survey design, using an all-inclusive sampling method, was used to select 121 professional nurses employed at a psychiatric hospital in Western Cape to participate in the study. The objectives of the study were to: describe professional nurses’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS; describe the attitudes of professional nurses towards PLWHA and mental illness; and determine professional nurses’ perceived HIV risks in a psychiatric hospital.
Describing the psychological well-being of registered nurses in a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Rotich, Josphat Kiprono; Martin, Penelope
Nursing staff form the backbone of the health care system, providing 24-hour holistic, quality care to patients. Job demands generally have a significant and negative impact on nurses’ well-being and several work outcomes. Registered nurses working in psychiatric hospitals with patients who have mental illness are subjected to assault, aggression, persistent chronic stressors and verbal abuse, among other stressors, and may display anxiety, emotional exhaustion, depression, fatigue, emotional outbursts, and symptoms of burnout. Quality care for patients may be compromised, as absenteeism due to the stressors experienced may result in a shortage of nursing staff. Therefore, a better understanding of components influencing the psychological well-being of registered nurses would result in improvements to the quality of nursing care.
Development of a model for support of emotional labour of nurses in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Ibraheem, Mulikat Ayoade; Martin, Penelope
Experience of emotional labour by nurses reflects a stressful work environment where services are guarded by organization and professional display rules and rendered with “a-smile-on-the-face” to shield the negative effect. Poor working conditions, the nature of the nursing job, lack of (or inadequate) resources, lack of role clarity, recognition and autonomy, time constraints, long working hours; a poor referral system are some of the causes of emotional labour for nurses. To regulate their emotions, service sector workers, including nurses use surface acting and deep acting strategies to cope with emotional labour at the workplace.
Development of an intervention strategy to provide emotional support for nurses caring for violent patients in acute wards in psychiatric hospitals in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Bekelepi, Ntombiyakhe; Martin, Penelope
Globally, workplace violence in healthcare is a major public concern, especially in the nursing profession. Nurses have higher risk of experiencing workplace violence they spend more time with patients. The violence has an impact on nurses’ day-to-day work as it negatively affects their physical and mental health, job satisfaction, productivity, and quality of patient care. Several interventions such as critical incident debriefing, group intervention approach, clinical supervision, and mindfulness-based stress reduction interventions have been developed to support nurses from workplace violence. Despite these interventions, the response to satisfaction with accessibility and utilisation have varied in areas in the workplace.
Experience of violence, coping and support for nurses working in acute psychiatric wards
(AOSIS, 2022) Bekelepi, Ntombiyakhe; Martin, Penelope
Acute psychiatric wards are stressful working environments because of the nature of the mental illness of patients admitted. These patients present with a variety of complex psychiatric problems and social control that require skilled and competent nurses to manage them. The shortage of nurses, especially with advanced psychiatric qualifications or necessary experience, may create challenges for nurses as they navigate this stressful working environment. The aim of this study was to explore and describe nurses’ experience of patient violence, coping strategies and received support whilst working in acute wards in psychiatric hospitals.
Knowledge of NGO personnel on motivational interviewing: substance use during pregnancy in Cape Town
(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Abiodun, Fisayo Ruth; Kwaleyela, Namukolo Concepta; Martin, Penelope
Background: Motivational interviewing is an approach that relates to a person’s hopes and aspirations. It is individual-focused to enhance intrinsic motivation to change. Over a decade, motivational interviewing has been shown to help achieve positive client outcome regarding substance use at various health settings in high income countries. In the Western Cape, clinical evidence suggests there is increase in number of children born with abnormalities related to prenatal exposure to substance. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the current support system in place for women who have children that are suffering from the effect of prenatal substance exposure seems not to be helping. As agents of change some NGOs in Western Cape are working towards decreasing substance use among pregnant women. Problem statement: The NGOs involve groups of individuals in Cape Town who render their service voluntarily to help pregnant women who have problem of substance use. They help motivate and support pregnant women to live a healthy lifestyle. It is however uncertain if personnel in these NGOs have knowledge of motivational interviewing. Aim: In the absence of the above information, this study is therefore aimed to explore NGO personnel’s knowledge on the use of motivational interviewing in addressing substance use among pregnant women in Western Cape. Method: A quantitative approach using a descriptive design with a non-probability all-inclusive sampling was used. A total of 45 participants were drawn from NGO shelters and day centres working with pregnant women who use substance in the Southern sub-urban district of Cape Town metropolis. Structured questionnaires were given to the participants for data collection and the response rate was 53% (n=24). Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results of the study showed that the general performance of the participants on knowledge of motivational interviewing was poor. The score of most participants (i.e. mode) fell within 31 – 40%. Hence, the distribution of the scores was skewed toward the failed side. The percentages of males and females that passed were very low and the values were very close. Hence, gender was found not to influence the performance of the participants in this study. Lack of training in motivational interviewing was found to be responsible for lack of knowledge of the concept. There was no correlation between years of experience and age of participants on performance in the evaluation. The knowledge of participants on characteristics of substance user and the dynamic client-therapist’s interaction was very shallow. Participants who agreed to myths regarding substance users were most likely to exhibit actions that were not consistent with principles of motivational interviewing during their interactions with clients. The participants did not have adequate knowledge of the five basic principles of motivational interviewing. The conclusion of the study was that there was need to train NGO personnel in the concepts of motivational interviewing.
Nurses attitudes towards stimulation activities for persons with intellectual disability at a psychiatric hospital within the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Agherdien, Faldielah; Martin, Penelope
Globally, stimulation activities yield positive outcomes for persons with intellectual disability (ID), in terms of behavioural and cognitive changes. Intellectual disability is characterised by significant changes in intellectual and adaptive behaviours, identified before the age of 18. The treatment of institutionalised ID persons involves: the medical management of symptoms and aggressive behaviour (as behavioural therapies); physiotherapy, within a multidisciplinary team approach; and activity programmes, including stimulation activities, which are managed by nurses. However, given the shortage of nurses, and the complex needs of people with ID, as well as the negative attitudes, stimulation activities may not be considered a priority in the provision of nursing care.
Objective structured clinical examination: Do first-year nursing students perceive it to be stressful?
(AOSIS, 2023) Emebigwine, Dorothee Line Adibone; Linda, Ntombizodwa S.B.; Martin, Penelope
The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is widely accepted as an effective means of assessing clinical competence and nursing skills. There is, however, little existing knowledge on how first-year nursing students perceived stress during their first OSCE. To determine the perception of stress; to identify the perceived factors causing stress; and to determine the perceived incidence of stress. A descriptive, survey was conducted on a sample of 82 first-year nursing students using the Perceived Stress Scale (PPS).
Parents’ perception of nursing support in neonatal intensive care units in private hospitals in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Ndango, Immaculate Nyonka; Martin, Penelope
Parents undergo negative experiences that include parental anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress when their new-born babies are hospitalised in neonatal intensive care unit. During this stressful period, parents need assistance from staff in order to cope. A quantitative, descriptive survey design was used to describe parents’ perception of nursing support during their baby’s admission in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) at three selected private hospitals in the city of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province. A structured existing 21- item Likert type questionnaire, the Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) was used to collect data from an all-inclusive sample of 85 parents with a response rate of 78.8% (n=67). The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine their perception of information giving and communication by nurses; emotionally supportive behaviours by nurses; care given support or instrumental support and to identify parents’ perception of esteem or appraisal support while in the NICU environment. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The findings of this study suggested that the overall mean score for parents’ perception of nursing support was high 4.6 (±0.5) out of a possible of 5. There was no significant difference in the overall mean perceived support score between the different facilities. No significant differences were found in terms of all the demographics characteristics with regard to perceptions of the support that was received, thus indicating that there was no relationship between the demographic variables and perception of support. The findings suggested that though high parental support was reported, the area of involving parents in the care of their babies i.e. letting them decide whether to stay or leave during procedures need improvement.
Perceived social support of learners at risk of substance abuse at two selected high schools within the Cape metropolitan area
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Cassiem, Sabiyah; Martin, Penelope
Substance abuse contributes towards mental illness as part of the global burden of disease. In South Africa, substance abuse presents amongst learners at secondary schools. Substance use affects academic performance negatively and disrupts cognitive, emotional, social, and psychological functioning. Social support has been known to ameliorate the deleterious effects of substance abuse. This study aimed to investigate the perceived social support of learners at risk of substance abuse at two selected high schools in Cape Town.
Professional quality of life among nurses in psychiatric observation units in the metropole district health services
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Maila, Siyavuya; Chipps, Jennifer; Martin, Penelope
Background: Psychiatric observation units are the units where 72-hour psychiatric observations are conducted in the district and in some of the regional hospitals. These hospitals were selected under the Mental Health Care Act No. 17 of 2002 (MHCA 2002) to admit patients suspected to be mentally ill, ascertain the cause of symptoms, exclude medical illness as a cause of the symptoms, treat and rehabilitate these patients; and at times transfer the patients to tertiary psychiatric hospitals. These units are often overcrowded as only about 30% of patients are transferred to the tertiary psychiatric hospitals. These units are fraught with challenges such as shortage of crucial facilities like seclusion rooms, specialised staff, resources and minimal budget is allocated to these units. Nursing staff in these units are faced with a number of challenges such as shortage of staff, patient overflow, prolonged patient stay, psychologically disturbed patients who can be agitated and violent, and are working long hours. Therefore, Compassion Satisfaction may be affected and these nurses are prone to Compassion Fatigue, which can lead to low Professional Quality of Life. Aim & objectives: The aim was to investigate Professional Quality of Life among nurses working in psychiatric observation units in Metropole District Health Services in the Western Cape Metropole. The objectives were to measure Compassion Satisfaction, to measure levels of Burnout and determine levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress among nurses working in psychiatric observation units in the Metropole District Health Services. Method: A quantitative research approach using a descriptive design was used to determine the Professional Quality of Life of nurses working in psychiatric observation units in the Metropole District Health Services. A self-administered survey using a structured questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life version 5 (ProQoL 5) was used to collect data from an all-inclusive sample of 175 nurses, yielding a response rate of 93% (n=163). Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Services (SPSS) version 24. Findings: The findings of this study showed that respondents experienced moderate Compassion Satisfaction, moderate Burnout and high Secondary Traumatic Stress. Advanced psychiatric nurse practitioners and registered nurses reported lower Compassion Satisfaction, higher Burnout and higher Secondary Traumatic Stress than enrolled nurses and enrolled nursing assistants. Recommendations: Qualitative research studies need to be conducted on nurses working in psychiatric observation units in order to understand experiences and factors affecting Professional Quality of Life among nurses. Qualitative research studies need to be conducted in order to understand factors affecting Professional Quality of Life of advanced psychiatric nurse practitioners and general registered nurses in psychiatric observations units.
Stress among student nurses at a university in the Western Cape, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Mafilika, Andile Mike; Martin, Penelope
Nursing education and training places significant demands on commitment, dedication, and perseverance by nursing students. They experience increased levels of stress which negatively affect their learning abilities and thinking. Given the nature of the work nurses do, it is important to understand nursing students’ levels of stress, sources of stress and stress management strategies in dealing with the harmful effects of stress.This study aimed to investigate stress in student nurses at a university in the Western Cape by determining their perceived stress; describing their sources of stress and identifying the stress management activities used to manage stress.
Stress and coping – Perceptions of final year nursing students returning to clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa
(AOSIS, 2021) Jarvis, Mary Ann; Martin, Penelope; Williams, Margaret
The novel nature of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic places challenges on nursing students as they try to complete the clinical requirement of their training. Nursing faculties need to understand these challenges to support and equip nursing students to enter the workforce. To explore and describe the anticipated and subsequent perceptions of final year Bachelor of Nursing students returning to clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa.The study was conducted at two universities in the Western Cape and KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Both universities offer 4-year Bachelor of Nursing programmes accredited by the South African Nursing Council and were in ‘hot spot areas’ for SARS-CoV-2.
Support interventions for nurses working in acute psychiatric units: A systematic review
(AOSIS, 2022) Bekelepi, Ntombiyakhe; Martin, Penelope
Diverse support interventions have been implemented to provide support for nurses working in acute psychiatric settings. These interventions aimed at modifying the psychological and social factors, as they either prevent stress responses or reduce its effects to improve the psychological well-being of staff. This study aimed to examine effective stressreduction interventions for nurses and to identify key elements of these successful interventions. Studies included in this review were conducted in acute psychiatric settings. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted for support intervention studies between 2010 and 2021.

Browsing by Author "Martin, Penelope"

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