Browsing by Author "Mabhida, Sihle E."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The association of mthfr (rs1801133) with hypertension in an indigenous South African population
    (Frontiers Media, 2022) Mabhida, Sihle E.; Sharma, Jyoti R.; Apalata, Teke
    The current study sought to investigate the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variant (rs1801133) and the risk of developing hypertension (HTN) in an indigenous South African population.A total of 442 participants (hypertensive, n = 279 and nonhypertensive, n = 163) from the indigenous tribe residing in Mthatha, Eastern Cape (South Africa) were recruited. HTN was defined as a systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥130/80 mmHg following American Heart Association guidelines. The genotyping of MTHFR (rs1801133) was assessed using MassARRAY® System. Thereafter, the association between rs1801133 in various genetic models and HTN was determined by logistic regression model analysis. Furthermore, the interaction between rs1801133 and selected risk factors on HTN was performed using the open-source multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV on specific highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: a systematic review of clinical studies
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2024) Mokoena, Haskly; Mchiza, Zandile J.; Mabhida, Sihle E.
    Despite the improved efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in viral suppression, emerging evidence indicates an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). Immune activation and persistently elevated levels of inflammation have been associated with endothelial dysfunction in PLWH, likely contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, electronic search databases including PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane library, and Science Direct were used to retrieve scientific evidence reporting on any association between markers of endothelial function and CVD-related outcomes in PLWH on HAART. Extracted data was subjected to quality assessment using the downs and black checklist. Most (60 %) of the results indicated the presence of endothelial dysfunction in PLWH on HAART, and this was mainly through reduced flow mediated dilation and elevated serum makers of adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin. The summarized evidence indicates an association between persistently elevated markers of endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state in PLWH on HAART. Only a few studies reported on improved endothelial function markers in PLWH on HAART, while limited evidence is available to prove that endothelial dysfunction is associated with CVD-risk, which could be attributed to therapeutic effects of HAART. Limited studies with relatively high quality of evidence were included in this systematic review.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Hypertension in African populations: Review and computational insights
    (MPDI, 2021) Mabhida, Sihle E.; Mashatola, Lebohang; Kaur, Mandeep
    Hypertension (HTN) is a persistent public health problem affecting approximately 1.3 billion individuals globally. Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) is defined as high blood pressure (BP) in a hypertensive patient that remains above goal despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive agents of different classes including a diuretic. Despite a plethora of treatment options available, only 31.0% of individuals have their HTN controlled. Interindividual genetic variability to drug response might explain this disappointing outcome because of genetic polymorphisms. Additionally, the poor knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertensive disease and the long-term interaction of antihypertensive drugs with blood pressure control mechanisms further aggravates the problem. Furthermore, in Africa, there is a paucity of pharmacogenomic data on the treatment of resistant hypertension. Therefore, identification of genetic signals having the potential to predict the response of a drug for a given individual in an African population has been the subject of intensive investigation. In this review, we aim to systematically extract and discuss African evidence on the genetic variation, and pharmacogenomics towards the treatment of HTN. Furthermore, in silico methods are utilized to elucidate biological processes that will aid in identifying novel drug targets for the treatment of resistant hypertension in an African population. To provide an expanded view of genetic variants associated with the development of HTN, this study was performed using publicly available databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal Online, PharmGKB searching for relevant papers between 1984 and 2020.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An in vitro study on the combination effect of metformin and n-acetyl cysteine against hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac damage
    (MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals, 2019) Mabhida, Sihle E.
    Chronic hyperglycaemia is a major risk factor for diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. In a hyperglycaemic state, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), coupled with decreased levels of glutathione, contribute to increased lipid peroxidation and subsequent myocardial apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing antioxidant known to protect against hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress by promoting the production of glutathione
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    An in vitro study on the combination effect of metformin and N-Acetyl cysteine against hyperglycaemia-Induced cardiac damage
    (MDPI, 2019-11-21) Mabhida, Sihle E.; Johnson, Rabia; Sangweni, Nonhlakanipho F.; Dludla, Phiwayinkosi V.
    Chronic hyperglycaemia is a major risk factor for diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. In a hyperglycaemic state, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), coupled with decreased levels of glutathione, contribute to increased lipid peroxidation and subsequent myocardial apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing antioxidant known to protect against hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress by promoting the production of glutathione. While the role of NAC against oxidative stress-related cardiac dysfunction has been documented, to date data is lacking on its beneficial effect when used with glucose lowering therapies, such as metformin (MET). Thus, the aim of the study was to better understand the cardioprotective effect of NAC plus MET against hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac damage in an H9c2 cardiomyoblast model. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were exposed to chronic high glucose concentrations for 24 h. Thereafter, cells were treated with MET, NAC or a combination of MET and NAC for an additional 24 h. The combination treatment mitigated high glucose-induced oxidative stress by improving metabolic activity i.e. ATP activity, glucose uptake (GU) and reducing lipid accumulation. The combination treatment was as effective as MET in diminishing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. We observed that the combination treatment prevented hyperglycaemic-induced cardiac damage by increasing GLUT4 expression and mitigating lipid accumulation via phosphorylation of both AMPK and AKT, while decreasing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), as well as protein kinase C (PKC), a known activator of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), via phosphorylation at Ser307. On this basis, the current results support the notion that the combination of NAC and MET can shield the diabetic heart against impaired glucose utilization and therefore its long-term protective effect warrants further investigation.