Department of Paediatric Dentistry

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Browsing by Author "Faculty of Dentistry"

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    An assessment of comprehensive dental treatment provided under general anaesthesia at Tygerberg Oral Health Centre
    (University of the Western Cape, 2006) Ijbara, Manhal; Harnekar, Soraya Y; Dept. of Paediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry
    There are several categories of dental problems in children that cannot be treated optimally in the office settings and are best managed in the hospital theatre. The ability to treat children in the hospital environment in order to provide comprehensive dental care using general anaesthesia(GA) is a valuable option to the paediatric dentist, despite some degree of risk to the patient. General anaesthesia provides optimum conditions for restorative treatment such as maximum contamination control, immobilization of the patient, efficiency and effectiveness, and elimination of reflexes.
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    The association between periodontitis and end-stage renal disease
    (University of the Western Cape, 2006) Nadeem, Muhammad; Stephen, L.X.G.; Dept. of Oral Medicine and Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry
    Patients who are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience a significantly increased rate of atherosclerotic complications. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these complications. The major acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Many patients in ESRD experience elevated CRP levels without an overt infection. Periodontal diseases in the general population have been associated with both an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic complications and an elevation in serum CRP values. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether periodontal disease is associated with increased systemic inflammation reflected by CRP values, in patients with ESRD on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) or perioneal dialysis (PD).
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    A comparative study of the Oral health Status of Cardiac and Non-Cardiac paediatric patients at Tygerberg Hospital
    (University of the Western Cape, 2008) Zafar, Sobia; Harnekar, S Yasin; Dept. of Paediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry
    The aim of the study was to determine the oral and debntal health status of pediatric cardiac patients, 12 years of age and younger, and compare them with non-cardiac patients. A total of 150 children, 75 with known cardiac condition (study group) and 75 no-cardiac (control group) were examined. No statistically significant differences were established in the study between the caries experience score for the cardiac and control groups. The study concludes that the cardiac group generally has a higher decay component and a lower missing component which may be an indication of the lack of dental intervention. The gingival inflammation was significantly higher in the cardiac group although the plaque scores were similar in the two groups.
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    Early Childhood Caries in children 12-24 months old in Mitchell's Plain, South Africa
    (University of the Western Cape, 2008) Ali, Mustafa; Moola, M.H.; Dept. of Paediatric Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry
    The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2005/06) defines Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. ECC can cause significant problems in preschool children and is a source of considerable societal costs. The South African national oral health survey conducted between the year 1999 and 2002 reported on the caries prevalence in young children. The caries prevalence was 50% in 4-5 year old children with a mean dmft of 2.4 (van Wyk and van Wyk, 2004).The aim of the study is to assess early childhood caries in children 12-24 months in the Mitchell's Plain district of the Western Cape.Objectives are to determine: a) The prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries. b) The relation between early childhood caries and infant feeding practices. c) The relation between early childhood caries and oral hygiene practices of the child.This study is a cross sectional study of ECC of children 12-24 months of age. Parent/child pair attending the Well Baby Clinic at Eastridge/Mitchell's Plain were informed about the study and invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The data collected consisted of a dental examination of 120 children (stratified by age: 60 in 12-18 months age group and 60 in 19-24 months age group) and a questionnaire completed by the accompanying parent/guardian. The dental examination was conducted using the WHO guidelines (Geneva 1997). Child age, tooth status (sound, decayed, filled, extracted, unerupted), and visible dental plaque on maxillary incisors (Spitz et al, 2006) were recorded.The prevalence of ECC for the sample was 23.3% (dmft =0.88). The maxillary incisors had the highest prevalence of decay (14%) followed by the maxillary molars (4%). There was a significant association (p=.006) between duration (12 months and more) of bottle use and presence of caries (40% caries prevalence). There is no significant difference between the different feeding practices (breast, bottle or both) and the presence of caries. There is a high prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (23.3%) in the 12-24 month age group. Early Childhood Caries was related to prolonged (12 months) bottle feeding. The association between the presence of dental plaque and ECC was the most significant factor (p= .000).