The effects of carbon dots on immune system biomarkers, using the Murine Macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and human whole blood cell cultures
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Date
2018
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) are engineered nanoparticles that are used in a number of bioapplications
such as bioimaging, drug delivery and theranostics. The effects of CDs on the immune system have
not been evaluated. The effects of CDs on the immune system were assessed by using RAW264.7 cells
and whole blood cell cultures. RAW cells were exposed to CD concentrations under basal conditions.
Whole blood cell cultures were exposed to CD concentrations under basal conditions or in the
presence of the mitogens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohaemmagglutinin (PHA). After exposure,
a number of parameters were assessed, such as cell viability, biomarkers of inflammation, cytokine
biomarkers of the acquired immune system and a proteome profile analysis. CDs were cytotoxic to
RAW and whole blood cell cultures at 62.5, 250 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Biomarkers associated
with inflammation were induced by CD concentrations ≥250 and 500 µg/mL under basal conditions
for both RAW and whole blood cell cultures, respectively. The humoral immune cytokine interleukin
(IL)-10 was increased at 500 µg/mL CD under both basal and PHA activated whole blood cell culture
conditions. Proteome analysis supported the inflammatory data as upregulated proteins identified
are associated with inflammation. The upregulated proteins provide potential biomarkers of risk that
can be assessed upon CD exposure.
Description
Keywords
Carbon dots, Cytotoxicity, Induced inflammation
Citation
Lategan, K. et al. (2018). The effects of carbon dots on immune system biomarkers, using the Murine Macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and human whole blood cell cultures. Nanomaterials, 8: 388