Reasons for HIV testing and testing experiences among men testing for HIV in Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

This study explored factors influencing the experiences of HIV testing among men. The qualitative study was conducted between February and May 2024 in Cape Town, South Africa. Fifteen men, five healthcare workers, four community health workers and six community leaders took part in individual interviews. Men, women, and mixed groups of men and women took part in focus group discussions (n = 6) (5–7 participants per group). Participants were purposively selected. Thematic analysis, guided by the conceptual framework of access to healthcare, was applied. Testing was influenced by (a) healthcare workers initiating HIV testing, which men generally accepted, (b) the availability of male-friendly and men’s clinics, which were limited, but approachable and preferred over general facilities, and (c) men’s engagement in sexual behaviours that increased their exposure to HIV, which motivated testing after self-reflection. While men would access services, they nonetheless experienced emotional distress, including anxiety and fear. However, support services to cope with these emotions were unavailable. The findings highlight the need to integrate psychological support services with HIV testing and treatment and to stimulate and encourage social support to help men manage testing-related anxiety, cope with HIV-positive diagnoses, and improve linkage to care.