An exploratory study of factors involved in psychosocial behavioural changes amongst youth participating in sport programmes in the Cape Metropolitan Area.

Abstract

This exploratory study aimed to explore the psychosocial behavioural changes among youth participating in sport programmes within the Cape Metropolitan Area by addressing several key questions, as an insufficient understanding existed of the factors involved in psychosocial behavioural changes amongst youth involved in sports programmes in the area. It sought to identify the factors influencing these changes, analyse existing theoretical frameworks to better understand these factors, and compare national and international cases to highlight similarities and differences in psychosocial behavioural influences. Additionally, the research explored the factors of psychosocial behavioural changes in sport programmes and examined how current factors could be modified to enhance program effectiveness and outcomes.

The focus of this research sought to identify necessary modifications to enhance outcomes while evaluating qualitative models to ascertain factors influencing the psychosocial behaviour of youth engaged in sports within the Cape Metropolitan Area. A desktop review analysed international sport programmes to identify similar psychosocial behavioural changes to provide a broader contextual understanding. The study explored sports specialists’ perceptions regarding the impact of sports participation on these behavioural changes and provided insight into the various changes that came about. Based on the findings, recommendations for modifying and improving existing factors of psychosocial behaviour were proposed.

Data was collected through structured interviews, focus group discussions, and a comprehensive desktop review. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data, which involved familiarizing with the dataset, generating initial codes, and identifying recurring themes. These themes were thoroughly reviewed, named, and reported in detail, providing insights into the impact of sport programmes on psychosocial behavioural change.

Research showed that an individual’s psychological, mental, and social well-being contributed to holistic human development. Internal factors related to self-concept, such as self-esteem, self-identity, self-respect, and self-awareness, were explored through cognitive and affective models of self-esteem formation and functioning. External factors were analysed within the framework of the socio-ecological model, highlighting how environmental influences shape individual experiences. Positive psychosocial behavioural changes may have been displayed as enhanced self-esteem, increased confidence, improved social skills, emotional regulation, discipline, and effective goal setting. In contrast, negative psychosocial behavioural changes led to heightened pressure and anxiety, social isolation, burnout, harmful behaviours, and diminished academic performance.

Factors of psychosocial behavioural change needed to include a broader spectrum to focus on the holistic aspect of development. This encouraged complete consideration of individuals who participated in sport programmes so that the intended aims and objectives of programmes produced efficient, valuable outcomes.