The effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on biomarkers of inflammation produced by lipopolysaccharide stimulated raw264.7 macrophages
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Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are common pollutants in the environment
and can induce disruption of the endocrine and immune systems. The present study evaluated
the effects of selected common environmental EDCs on secretion of inflammatory biomarkers
by RAW264.7 cells. The EDCs investigated were Estradiol (E2), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT),
and Bisphenol A (BPA). To evaluate if the effects caused by EDCs were modulated by steroid
hormone receptors, antagonists of estrogen and androgen receptors were used. The steroid receptor
antagonists used were Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, and Flutamide, an androgen
receptor antagonist. Secretion of biomarkers of inflammation, namely nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin
6 (IL-6), were monitored. The NO was determined using Griess reaction and IL-6 was measured by
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although 5 µg/mL E2, DHT, and BPA were not toxic
to RAW264.7 cell cultures, the same treatments significantly (p < 0.001) reduced both NO and IL-6
secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cell cultures.
Description
Keywords
Bioscience, Nitric oxide, Anti-inflammatory, Medicine
Citation
Makene, V. W., & Pool, E. J. (2019). The effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on biomarkers of inflammation produced by lipopolysaccharide stimulated raw264.7 macrophages. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162914