Demographic and socio-economic characteristics and education in Senegal

Abstract

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the demographic and socio-economic determinants of educational attainment in Senegal, with a particular focus on primary education and the persistent issue of gender inequality. The study is structured into five chapters, beginning with an introduction to Senegal’s historical, geographical, and socio-political context, and a detailed overview of its education system. The background highlights the legacy of French colonialism, the evolution of educational policies, and the ongoing challenges posed by economic constraints, infrastructural deficits, and social disparities. The problem statement identifies the complex interplay between colonial heritage, rapid population growth, and insufficient adaptation of the education system to local realities, resulting in persistent inequalities in access and quality of education. Despite policy efforts and international support, significant gaps remain, particularly for rural populations, girls, and low-income households. The research gap is underscored by the impact of recent global disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which have further exacerbated educational exclusion and highlighted the need for resilient, inclusive educational strategies. The study is guided by key research questions: What is the current state of primary education in Senegal? How have demographic factors such as age, gender, household composition, and income influenced educational outcomes? What are the main barriers to educational equity, and what policy recommendations can address these challenges? The research employs quantitative methods, utilizing data from the 2023 Senegalese Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), and applies statistical analyses—including cross-tabulation and chi-square tests—to examine the relationships between socio-demographic variables and educational attainment.