Research Articles (Economics)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10566/490

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Examining child labour activities in South Africa
(Springer, 2025) Yu, Derek; Murozvi, Simba; Herwel, Clinton
Background: South Africa is a developing country characterised by high unemployment, poverty and inequality. Thus, it is possible child members of households are exploited to help the households survive financially. Objective: This study investigated child labour activities in South Africa, and examined the impact of various personal- and household-level factors (including labour market status of adult members) on child labour incidence. Methods: Data from the Survey of Activities of Young People (SAYP) released by Statistics South Africa was analysed to derive descriptive statistics relating to child labour activities. Probit regressions were also conducted to investigate the impact of various factors on child labour probability. Results: Children involved in child labour were predominantly African rural residents who did not attend schools at the time of the survey, and came from households with only one employed adult member on average. These children spent four to five hours per week on economic activities in unskilled elementary occupations, and the key reasons for involving in these activities were to earn pocket money for themselves and assist their families. Regarding the results of probit regressions, children coming from households with a greater number of employed adult members were less likely to be in child labour, but the result was only statistically significant in 2015. Conclusions: Child labour does exist in South Africa, particularly amongst households with a low number of employed adult members. Numerous socio-economic problems (such as poverty and adult unemployment) would need to be addressed to fully eradicate child labour incidence.
Services trade regulatory restrictiveness and downstream productivity in the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa Region
(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2025) Mashura, Shingirirai; Foders, Federico
The study employed the productivity growth model to investigate the effect of services trade regulatory restrictions in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) region. The study found that services trade regulatory restrictions have a negative and statistically significant effect on downstream productivity which increases with institutional quality. In addition, the findings show a negative and statistically significant inverse relationship between commercial presence and downstream productivity. Sectoral analyses show a positive and statistically significant coefficient for financial services restrictions across all sectors. While a significant negative coefficient is estimated for transportation services across all downstream sectors, the coefficient for telecommunications services is significantly negative for manufacturing and services sectors only. The findings of this study underscore the importance of institutional quality in services trade liberalisation.
Determinants of non-performing loans in Namibia’s banking sector using composite indices
(Adonis and Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2025) Undji, Valdemar J; Sheefeni, Johannes P.S.
This study investigates the determinants of non-performing loans (NPL) in Namibia’s banking sector using six composite indices (macroeconomic, bank-specific, monetary, interest rate, financial and institutional) spanning from 1996Q1 to 2021Q4. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and pairwise Granger causality modelling approaches are respectively employed and the result shows that over the long-run, both the macroeconomic and interest rate index influence NPL. In the short-run, however, the study reveals that previous levels of NPL, macroeconomic, interest rate and institutional indices affect NPL altogether. In terms of causality, a long-run causal relationship is found between all the variables employed in the model. In the short-run, a unidirectional causal relationship running from the macroeconomic index to NPL and from NPL to the interest rate index as well as from NPL to the institutional index is registered. The study underscores some policy implications that are worth considering.
Economic and non-economic satisfaction as interlocking constructs in B2B sales relationships
(OpenJournals Publishing AOSIS (Pty) Ltd., 2024) Ferro-Soto, Carlos; Roberts-Lombard, Mornay; Padin, Carmen
This study tests a research model that reflects the nomological relationship between satisfaction as a two-dimensional construct and continuity, coordination, and cooperation in business-to-business (B2B) sales relationships.
Access to tuberculosis care in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
(AOSIS (Pty) Ltd, 2025) Appel, Kayla; Nackerdien, Faeez; Christian, Carmen
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue in South Africa, a high-burden TB country. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated challenges in accessing essential TB services. This scoping review explores how access to TB care was impacted during the pandemic. AIM: This research aimed to review original studies on access to TB care in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic using a scoping review methodology. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Five databases were systematically searched for original peer-reviewed research published between 2020 and 2022. Data were extracted and synthesised using the Penchansky and Thomas framework of healthcare access. RESULTS: Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The review identified significant disruptions in TB service delivery during the pandemic, including reduced diagnostic capacity, healthcare facility closures and economic barriers. Patients reported delayed diagnoses and increased stigma, while healthcare workers faced resource shortages and operational challenges.
Drivers, barriers and enablers of a South African circular solar pv module supply chain: a focus on reuse
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Crozier, Marguerite Nicole; Schenck, Catherina; Ntsala, Palisa Gemina
End-of-life (EOL) solar photovoltaic (PV) module waste is a pressing issue, given the expansion of solar PV adoption and the burgeoning number of modules that will enter EOL in the next decade. The drive towards reuse is that it could offer a means to retain the value in PV modules, reduce pollution, bring renewable energy (RE) closer to the average household and offset the costs of recycling. Primary research was undertaken on the perceptions of actors along the South African PV value chain. Interviews were held with key informants in energy and e-waste, and a questionnaire was administered to the solar sector. The findings were interpreted in terms of drivers, barriers and enablers of a PV module circular economy with a specific focus on reuse. The study found that the key enablers were enforcing existing environmental legislation, which includes a mandatory Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system, employing EPR fees towards waste system interventions and establishing quality assurance of second-hand products through testing and standards. Barriers to reuse were identified as being complex trade-offs between reuse, recycling and design, as well as the need for international standards and ensuring the market demand and viability of second-life modules. Research on higher-order circular economy activities, such as reuse and repair, has been limited in developing countries, including South Africa. The study adds to the body of knowledge in providing a potential framework for the development of a circular economy for PV modules in South Africa and offers broad policy recommendations for reuse.
Austerity measures, infrastructure and economic development in South Africa (1996–2019)
(Vilnius University Press, 2023) Mali, Kukhanyile; Sheefeni, Johannes
The paper aims to establish whether austerity measures promote economic development, improve infrastructure development, and whether they exacerbate infrastructure backlogs. The methodology used is a quantitative research method, sourcing secondary quarterly data from the South African Reserve Bank. The VAR model is used to analyse data between 1994 and 2019. The results showed that austerity measures have a significantly negative role in economic development. Also, they slow down investments that are crucial for infrastructure development. The results also pointed to the exacerbation of infrastructure backlogs caused by austerity measures
Investigation of the youth informal entrepreneurship landscape in South Africa
(Unisa Press, 2022) Murozvi, Simbarashe; Adams, Charles; Yu, Derek
The South African economy is characterised by high and continuously rising youth unemployment levels and rates. While countervailing interventions have been attempted in the formal sector, support for youth employment and informal sector entrepreneurship has received limited attention from policymakers. This is a rare study that examined South African youth entrepreneurship by analysing all five available waves of the seriously under-utilised Survey of Employers and Self-Employed (SESE) data, focusing on youth entrepreneurial activities. Youth (15–34 years) and adult (at least 35 years old) informal entrepreneurs were distinguished, before deriving descriptive statistics on business activities, with a specific focus on site of operation, management, employment and net profit use in youth-owned enterprises.
Integration of the Ukrainian economy into the euro-Atlantic community in the context of internationalization and globalization processes: Concept and assessment
(Baltija Publishing, 2022) Mantsurov, Igor; Barvinok, Alina; Dovhoteles, Vadym
The purpose of the article is to present the author's point of view on the conceptual apparatus that clarifies the definition of such economic categories as "internationalization", "economic integration", "inclusiveness", "globalization", etc. As a result, the essence of the processes of internationalization and integration of Ukraine into the democratized economic system of Euro-Atlantic countries is revealed. The object of the study is to analyze the complex processes of internationalization, globalization and integration of the Ukrainian economy into the competitive environment of Euro-Atlantic countries. The research methodology is based on general scientific and fundamental provisions of economic theory, international economics and statistics. The conceptual basis of the article is the world economic theories on the assessment of globalization processes in the development of the world economy. Processing and analysis of statistical data, modeling and forecasting of the identified trends were carried out using modern software.
Status of living standards in Nigeria between 2010 and 2013
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2020) Jaiyeola, Afeez Olalekan; Bayat, Amiena
Nigeria experienced a drop in the poverty rate to an average of56.1% between 1999 and 2007. This could be attributed to themeasures taken by the civilian government against adminis-trative corruption, increased domestic and foreign investmentsand some implemented agricultural policies. These effortswere thwarted by subsequent administrations with devastatingeffects on the Nigerian population. Despite an average annualeconomic growth rate of 6% between 2004 and 2010, theincidence of poverty has remained high, increasing from54.7% in 2004 to 60.9% in 2010. The high rate of poverty inNigeria has reached alarming proportions. It is in recognition ofthis that this study analyzes the variations in poverty across thesix geopolitical zones of Nigeria, including the rural and urbanareas
Do Share Allocations to the Indigenous Investor Drive the Demand for IPOs?
(MDPI, 2023) Tajuddin, Ahmad Hakimi; Gopal, Kanesh; Mohd-Rashid, Rasidah; Mehmood, Waqas; Sadik-Zada, Elkhan Richard
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of allocating shares to the indigenous (Bumiputera) investors on the oversubscription ratio of IPO. This factor is unique to Malaysian IPOs and would enable us to reflect the signaling theory. Data on 348 IPO firms listed on Bursa Malaysia over a span of 17 years from 2002 to 2018 were examined using a cross-sectional regression analysis. The findings demonstrated no significant impact arising from the fractions of shares allocated to Bumiputera investors on the oversubscription ratios, except that the revised guidelines on the Bumiputera equity requirement had a significant negative influence on oversubscription. Further tests showed that the influence of such share allocation on oversubscription was moderated by firm size, which was proxied by market capitalization. The findings lend support to the signaling theory, indicating that the demand for IPOs will be slightly higher for larger firms listed in bigger markets.
Investigating volunteer activities in South Africa
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023) Fondling, Jaydro; Murozvi, Simbarashe; Yu, Derek; Mtshali, Nothando
This is the first South African study that analysed all three availablewaves of Statistics South Africa’s Volunteer Activities Survey data,which was linked to the Quarterly Labour Force Survey in the third quarter of the same year (2010, 2014 and 2018). The empirical findings showed that volunteers were predominantly female Africans without Matric, aged 25–34 years and resided in the urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Limpopo. In 2018the labour force participation rate and unemployment rate of the volunteers were 62% and 34% respectively. These rates were both a bit higher than the corresponding rates of people who did not volunteer. The volunteers spent 20 h in the past four weeks on volunteering activities relating to service work and elementary occupations. More than 85% of volunteers did not expect to receive anything back. For those who indicated otherwise, they most likely expected to receive out-of-pocket expenses and food.
The South African labour market, 1995–2015
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2016) Festus, Lyle; Kasongo, Atoko; Moses, Mariana
This study investigates the changes in the South African labourmarket in the post-apartheid period. While unemploymentincreased over the 1995–2015 period, employment also increased.Nonetheless, the extent of employment increase is not rapidenough to absorb all net entrants into the labour force, resultingin increasing unemployment, or an employment absorption rate of65.3%. Unemployment is concentrated in specific demographicallyand geographically defined groups, most notably Africans, thelowly educated and those aged below 30 years, residing in ruralareas in Gauteng. Finally, four worryingfindings are observed:youth jobseekers aged below 30 years struggle tofind theirfirstjob; chronic unemployment is more serious for the relatively olderjobseekers (aged 45 years or above) with past work experience;employees working for small, medium and micro enterprises stillstagnate at approximately 3.5 million; and jobseekers from theolder age cohorts are less likely to actively seek work by enquiringat workplaces and answering job advertisements.
Employed yet poor: Low-wage employment and workingpoverty in South Africa
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2020) Feder, Jade; Yu, Derek
Working poverty exists worldwide and has shown an increase inprevalence over the past few decades. Over the years, there hasbeen an increase in the number and severity of low-wageemployment, which in turn contributes significantly to poverty.Whilst paid employment has generally been considered as thepredominant means to survivefinancially, salaries may be too lowto maintain reasonable living standards. South African research onlow-wage employment and working poverty in particular, are rare.Using data from thefirst four waves of the National IncomeDynamics Study, this studyfills the existing research gap byexamining low-wage employment, working poverty, and low-wage poverty. The empiricalfindings indicated that all threegroups are predominantly lowly-educated, middle-aged Africanfemale employees involved in elementary occupations in theinformal sector.
Scoping review of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on unplanned pregnancy
(AOSIS, 2022) Christian, Carmen S.; Rossouw, Laura
: Increased pressure on the healthcare system because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) along with national lockdown policies had consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of women. While the pandemic has resulted in changes in pregnancy intentions, child-bearing and fertility, the direction of this relationship is unclear and is likely to be impacted by each country’s socio-economic status and stage of fertility transition. Understanding the fertility trajectory and the pandemic is important in understanding population structures and ageing, which have consequences for health policies, budgeting and economic activity.
An overview of trends in depressive symptoms in South Africa
(Sage Journals, 2019) Mungai, Kinyanjui
The relationship between mental health and socioeconomic status is well established in the literature. The socioeconomic standing of a number of South Africans remains poor and slow changing, while the mental health of the most vulnerable remains both an economic and health problem for government. There is, however, a lack of studies that assess depressive symptoms using panel data. There is also a lack of studies that consider factors that influence transitions of adults into and out of Significant Depressive Symptoms, particularly in the South African context. Panel data from the National Income Dynamics Study were used for this study to assess these transitions. The data included information on various socioeconomic and health variables, as well as a section that assesses the emotional health of adults in South Africa.
Exploring the intersection where business models, a circular economy and sustainability meet in the waste economy: A scoping review
(Sustainability, 2022) Hoffman, Marlin; Schenck, Catherina J; Herbst, Frederick
The authors endeavor to investigate the intersection and relationship between sustainability, business models and a circular economy. These three concepts are believed to be at the heart of finding a solution to creating and implementing a circular economy. The three pillars of sustainability (society, environment and economics) have been identified as the golden thread when applied to developing circular economies and the business models used in these circular economies. These three pillars highlighted the areas of intersection and engagement between the circular economy and business models. The three pillars, or stakeholders, need to be considered equally and, where there is sacrifice and benefits, they need to be balanced. A scoping review was chosen, as the starting point, to ascertain the literature in the field. The results of the scoping review showed a lack of research conducted at the point of intersection between these three fields. Finding a solution by creating and implementing a circular economy will have positive effects on the economy, environment and society, as there is, proverbially, “not much time left” and everyone in the process will sacrifice and benefit. The research has highlighted the need to explore the intersection and relationship between sustainability, business models and the circular economy as a concept, and future research should develop frameworks to guide the development and implementation of this intersection to include all relevant stakeholders.
Exploring the influence of students’ Matric Accounting knowledge on the successful completion of a BCom Accounting mainstream degree: A comparative study at a university in the Western Cape
(Stellenbosch University, 2022) Williams, Badrunessa; dos Reis, K.; Yu, Derek
Studies conducted nationally found that students with Matric Accounting knowledge performed significantly better than students without it in university-level Accounting modules (Baard, Steenkamp, and Kidd 2010; Papageorgiou 2017; Steenkamp, Baard, and Frick 2009). However, the reality at South African universities is that Accounting as a school subject is not always a requirement to pursue BCom Accounting studies. This situation means that at certain universities, Accounting as a school subject is not taken into consideration for this degree, while this is the case at some universities. This study focuses on two cohorts of students enrolled for the mainstream programme in 2017‒2019 at a South African university.
Cyclicality of size, value, and momentum on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Kapche Fotso, Moise Herve; Brown, W G P
The study examines the cyclical behaviour of style premiums on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over the period 2002–2018. More specifically, the study establishes whether there is a contemporaneous relationship between style premiums and certain regime dynamics. The examination period extends over two consecutive business cycles, each with an upward and a downward phase. A robust factor-mimicking portfolio construction procedure is employed. Findings show that the small-cap risk premium shrinks significantly or becomes negative during downward phases while the momentum premium is strongly positive throughout the study period, but is lower during downward phases.
Emergency food supplies and food security in Wuhan and Nanjing, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a field survey
(Wiley, 2021) Zhong, Taiyang; Crush, Jonathan; Si, Zhenzhong
Detailed empirical work on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security is scant. Local management of food security has received little attention.This article describes emergency food policies in Wuhan and Nanjing, China during lockdown in 2020 and their implications for household food security in the two cities.Policy documents and background data describe the emergency measures. Online surveys of residents of two Chinese cities were used to gauge household food security.

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