Magister Curationis - MCur

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A systematic review of the effectiveness of lifestyle and medication: interventions in the management of hypertension in pregnancy
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Kutumbuka, Benjamin Kukatula; Phetlhu, D.R.
Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the causes of maternal, fetus and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is the condition in which a pregnant woman develops hypertension because of physiological changes that result during pregnancy and both mother and fetus can be affected. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the first target of the third United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-3) is to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 10 per 100.000 live births by 2030 (WHO, 2017). This is because globally, about 350 000 women die every year from pregnancy related causes (Hogan, Foreman, & Naghavi, 2010). According to the WHO (2015), these conditions namely post-partum hemorrhage, hypertension in pregnancy, infections, unsafe abortion and other delivery-related complications cause three quarters of all maternal deaths in the World. Hence the needs to prevent or successfully treat conditions that contribute to this scourge (WHO, 2011). The two main interventions that are used to prevent or treat hypertension in pregnancy are medication and lifestyle adjustment. However, it is important to understand the intervention that is most suited to a context and its patient and compare the effects of these interventions on management of hypertension in pregnant women as a patient outcome.
The academic transitional experience of postgraduate students in the faculty of community and health sciences at the University of the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2009) Hoffman, Jeffrey Corne; Julie, Hester; Dept. of Nursing; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences
Transition has been the major focus of educational institutions. The focal argument of the majority of research into student transition deals with the challenges that students faced when they moved from high school to first year at university. Not much focus has been placed on the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies. Postgraduate enrollment rates have steadily grown over the past few years in Higher Education Institution`s (HEI). Support systems have been put in place to assist students. In spite of these available support systems, postgraduate students still find themselves facing challenges when engaging with postgraduate studies. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the academic transitional challenges postgraduate students' experience as reflected by the inconsistencies in the enrollment and throughput rates. Secondly, to determine whether students utilised available support systems, e.g. the Academic Writing Centre and the Postgraduate Enrolment and Throughput (PET) programme at the Faculty of Community and Health Science at University of the Western Cape. This was a quantitative study. A cross sectional survey has been conducted by means of a computerised self-administered questionnaire (CSAQ). The study population was postgraduate students in the Faculty of Community and Health Science at masters' level. Both course work and research students were included in the study. No sampling method was employed due to the small size of the population. Data was collected to explore the academic preparedness of postgraduate students, and there primary motivations for studying and the utilization of available support services at the University of the Western Cape.
The adequacy of support for community service practitioners at health care facilities in two sub-structures in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Lagrimas-Botha, Maria; Daniels, Felicity
Introduction: Community service Practitioner's (CSPs), Regulation 425 graduates are placed for a period of 12 months in the public sector designated health facilities where they may encounter possible challenges. The study aimed to determine the perception of CSPs regarding the adequacy of the orientation and support for CSPs' at health care facilities in two sub-structures in the Western Cape Province. The objectives were i) to establish what support systems are in place for the CSPs' at health facilities ; ii) to determine the adequacy for CSPs'; and iii) to identify possible gaps in the orientation and support structures offered at health facilities. Methodology: The study is quantitative and adopted a descriptive design. The population (N=57) included all the CSPs' that are placed in health care facilities within two sub-structures in the Western Cape. A sample of 48 participants was obtained through all-inclusive sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) software version 22.0 was used for analysis of the data. Ethical considerations: The researcher received approval from Senate Research Committee and ethical clearance from the University of the Western Cape. Permission was granted by department of health and the facility managers of the health care institutions. Informed consent was obtained from participants who were made aware that participation was voluntary, prior to completing questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the CSPs' are receiving support in designated health facilities in the two sub structures of the Western Cape. Macro and Micro Orientation, supervision in the department and rotation to other departments have been revealed to be an adequate type of support. Possible gaps were identified, namely inadequate length of orientation programmed, as well as some support structures which were either not accessible or known to participants. Recommendations were developed to overcome these challenges.
An assessment of the adherence to guidelines for the management of asthma exacerbations in selected primary healthcare facilities in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2005) Brickles, Vernon; Dept. of Nursing; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences
Asthma is described as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Recurrent episodes of acute attacks or exacerbation may occur in susceptible individuals. Asthma could be a controllable disorder and most people with asthma should be able to lead a n
An investigation to determine the perceived social support of professional nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Hendriks, Geraldine Patricia; Martin, P
Globally, workplace stress has been reported as having deleterious effects on workers. Professional nurses, working in a psychiatric hospital with patients suffering from mental illnesses, may present with signs and symptoms related to anxiety, depression, persistent chronic stress and burnout. Social support plays an important role in the lives of professional nurses, who face challenges while working within a stressful environment. In addition, social support enhances the level of job performance, reduces the level of job stress and improves work commitment among mental health nurses. Without adequate social support in the workplace, stress has negative effects on both professional nurses and patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived social support of professional nurses, working in a psychiatric hospital, in the Western Cape. The objective formulated to achieve the aim, was to determine the social support received by professional nurses from family, significant others and friends. A quantitative approach, using a descriptive, survey design was used to obtain data from an all-inclusive sample of 110 professional nurses.
Analysing implementation of the integrated tuberculosis, HIV and AIDS policy in a rural sub-district, Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Bimerew, Million S; Phetlhu, D. R
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of people, particularly in many developing countries. South Africa is among those countries with a high double burden of TB and HIV infections in the world. Although policy guidelines have been developed to mitigate the problems of TB and HIV coinfection, there are still challenges with their implementation. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of the integrated TB and HIV policy in a rural sub-district of the Western Cape. The study applied a descriptive survey method to collect data from 60 respondents selected using an all-inclusive sampling strategy. A self-reporting questionnaire was used, and data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 23. Descriptive statistics are presented with graphs and percentages. All ethical principles were adhered to. The results showed that 86% of the respondents were female nurses, 59% were registered nurses, and the rest were enrolled and assistant nurses. The general view of participants was that implementation of the integrated TB and HIV policy was poor, as only 25% (11) felt that they have sufficient knowledge and skills to implement it, while 50% (22) did not feel equipped to implement the integrated policy. These perceptions of inadequacy were justified by a lack of sufficient training, with only 32% of the respondents having attended training on integrated TB and HIV management. The nurses’ responses on actual practices ranged from poor to sufficient, and example being the management of HIV-positive TB patients with CD4 count of <100/μl, where 27.9% were unsure when to initiate antiretroviral therapy and 44.7% were unsure when isoniazid prophylaxis could not be given to HIVpositive patients. However, the findings indicated that TB and HIV policy guidelines were 86% and 85.7% accessible respectively. The study concluded that nurses do not implement the integrated TB and HIV policy guidelines sufficiently, mainly due to lack of adequate training which resulted in limited knowledge thus poor practice. It is recommended that a continuous staff capacity development programme, which includes suitable pre-service and in-service training in TB and HIV/AIDS management be developed and implemented as it has the potential to address the current knowledge and skills gaps which impact on implementation of the integrated TB and HIV policy.
Analysis of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents using the interRAI-LTCF in a long-term care facility in the Cape metropole in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Mayer, Linda; Chipps, Jennifer; Julie, Hester
Worldwide concerns have been raised about the presence and association of depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia in older adults (60 years and older), which are often unrecognised and untreated in long-term care facilities (LTCF’s). The progression of cognitive impairment to dementia reduces quality of life with negative consequences of physical, mental, and psychosocial health. In many LTCF’s internationally, the standardised interRAI system is used to capture depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. However, there is a fragmentation of systems for making evidence-based decisions to plan and manage care for residents with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This study, being the first of its kind in South Africa, addressed this gap, by describing a profile of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in residents, and analysing their coexistence, using the interRAI-LTCF in a LTCF in the Cape Metropole in South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using the records of all 173 resident’s medical records of residents with a last interRAI-LTCF assessment from 2014 and 2016. The objectives were to determine the levels of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment, and to assess variously associated demographics and clinical variables between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment of the interRAI-LTCF in residents in a LTCF. Secondary data were analysed, using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25, to test any statistically significant relationship between the extracted variables (Significance was set as p˂0.05). The prevalence of possible depression, using the Depression Rating Scale (DRS) of the interRAI-LTCF in the residents in this study was 36.4%, of whom 54.3% had a documented clinical diagnosis of depression. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 39.3%, using the Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), of whom 34.1% had a documented clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment/dementia. There were more females than males with the possibility for depression and cognitive impairment, especially in those who were older than 80 years of age, those without partners, and who had ≤12 years of education. The DRS and the CPS were able to predict the possibility for depression and CI. There is a 55.9% risk of possible depression with CI present as compared to a 23.8% risk of possible depression when CI is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for CI on the CPS are 2.3 times more likely to meet the criteria for possible depression on the DRS. Similarly, there is a 60.3% risk of CI with possible depression present as compared to a 27.3% risk of CI when possible depression is not present. That means that people meeting criteria for possible depression on the DRS are 2.2 times more likely to meet the criteria for CI on the CPS. The logistic regression confirmed the coexistence between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.
Assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and perceived risks of professional nurses in a psychiatric hospital, Western Cape, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Makaudze, Tsitsi Regina; Martin, Penelope
As South Africa continues to experience the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally, co-occurring mental illness poses challenges for public health. Mental illness has increased among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as infected individuals succumb to the psychological stress and trauma of the disease. Key research issues, not yet well established, relate to whether professional nurses, working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to provide effective mental healthcare services, given the increase in mental illness of PLWHA. An increase in mental illness translates into an increase in demand for psychiatric services by PLWHA. There is a paucity of research on HIV/AIDS knowledge of professional nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa, despite the established acknowledgement of the increase of mental illness amongst PLWHA. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and perceived risks of professional nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive survey design, using an all-inclusive sampling method, was used to select 121 professional nurses employed at a psychiatric hospital in Western Cape to participate in the study. The objectives of the study were to: describe professional nurses’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS; describe the attitudes of professional nurses towards PLWHA and mental illness; and determine professional nurses’ perceived HIV risks in a psychiatric hospital.
Assessing knowledge, skills and attitudes of undergraduate nursing students regarding student-centered learning approach in a university in the Volta Region, Ghana
(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Gborgblorvor, Innocentia Ruby; Phetlhu, Deliwe Rene
Globally, Student-Centered Learning Approach (SCLA) as a pedagogical strategy has become the accepted practice in higher education. This approach to teaching and learning requires that students take responsibility for their own learning, and the teacher only facilitates and guides the students in the learning process. SCLA more often than not builds students' confidence and critical thinking skills. The benefits of SCLA to students have been well documented however there is a dearth of knowledge of SCLA on the experiences of undergraduate nursing student whose previous learning did not expose them to studentcentered learning approach.
Assessing the attitude of nursing staff working at a community health centre towards the mental health care user
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Hendricks, Michelle; Julie, Hester
The South African health care system shifted the focus of treating psychiatric disorders from institutional care level mental health services to facilitate this process of integration into the Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. All the provinces were thus engaged in improving mental health care services at community level by providing training for professional nurses in mental health at PHC settings. Consequently, mental health nursing has also changed considerably by shifting the focus of mental health care to the primary care level. It is however, suggested that the current revolving door syndrome experienced at psychiatric institutions was partly due to inadequate community-based psychiatric services. It was also suggested that the attitudes and knowledge of health professionals towards mental illness has a major impact on service delivery, treatment and outcome of mental illness. The aim of this research study was to assess the attitude of nursing staff working at a Community Health Centre (CHC) towards the mental health care user. A CHC was chosen that renders 24 hour services. The inclusive sample included all the different categories of nurses permanently employed at this CHC. The Attitude Scale for Mental Illness questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics: means, median and standard deviations were calculated for the following variables: separatism; stereotyping; restrictiveness; benevolence; pessimistic prediction and stigmatization. In conclusion it can be said that the nursing staff with more experience irrespective of category of nurse has less of a stereotyping attitude towards mental illness. The longer the nurse worked at the setting and irrespective of their nursing qualification the more positive their attitude towards the MHCU became.
Assessment of common perinatal mental disorders in a selected district hospital of the Eastern Province in Rwanda
(University of the Western Cape, 2014) Umuziga, Marie Providence; Adejumo, Oluyinka
Common perinatal mental disorders (CPMDs) are increasingly being recognised as an important public health issue including depression and anxiety. In low and middle income countries such as Rwanda, CPMDs are prevalent among women in perinatal period. In Africa, the estimated prevalence rates of depression are 11.3% and 18.3% during ante-postnatal respectively, while ante-postnatal anxiety rates are 14.8% and 14% respectively. However, in Rwanda there is limited literature on CPMDs. This study was aimed at determining the occurrence of CPMDs in a selected district hospital of the Eastern Province in Rwanda as well as the factors associated with CPMDs in the selected study area. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of one hundred and sixty five mothers in perinatal period, who were selected systematically. Demographic data and factors associated with CPMDs were determined using structured questionnaire and combined screening tools such as Zungu Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The Cronbach alpha values were 0.87 and 0.89 for SAS and EPDS respectively. SPSS Version 21 was utilized to analyse data. Univariate, bivariate correlational and multivariate analyses were performed. Most of the respondents (38.2%) were aged 25-29 years; Protestants (77.6%); married (44.8%); unemployed (77%) and had a primary school level of education (60.6%). With respect to participants in antenatal period (51.5%); 14.5% had a clinical level of anxiety and 19.4% had depression. In terms of participants in postnatal period (46.7%); 22.5% had a clinical level of anxiety and 29.7% had depression. However, participants in both periods (1.8%) all had a normal level of anxiety and 1.2% had depression.
An assessment of the knowledge and practice of registered midwives regarding policy guidelines for routine episiotomies at two academic, state tertiary hospitals in the Western Cape.
(University of the Western Cape, 2004) de Maar, Major Colleen; Nikodem, Cheryl
An episiotomy is the surgical incision of the perineum. As far is known, was this procedure was done as early as 17 41. Sir Fielding Quid, was the first person to describe this procedure in his "Treatise of Midwifery in Three parts", as an aid to assist with difficult deliveries. The implementation of this intervention is a worldwide phenomenon and has been recorded during the 19th century as one of the most common surgical procedures in the clinical practice. The World Health Organisation has taken a clear stand against routine episiotomies and recommend that episiotomy rates should be around 10% and no more than 20%. There are no clear guidelines in the literature available that give true and valid indications for the performance of an episiotomy. Aim The aim was to determine whether the two tertiary academic institutions in the Western Cape have policies and guidelines available regarding the performance of episiotomies by registered midwives and to determine the knowledge and practice of registered midwives regarding these policies and Methodology The researcher made use of a descriptive survey to explore the issue whether guidelines exist regarding episiotomies and whether midwives are aware about these guidelines. Structured questionnaires were used to gain information from the registered midwives. The researcher also made use of documents (birth register) and in-depth interviews (unit managers). Results The findings of the study concluded that midwives are aware of the latest evidence that episiotomies are not done routinely even though no evidence of existing policies could be allocated in any of the two wards. The finding further shown that the current guidelines are not based on evidence. Midwives do not directly rely on guidelines in the wards (non available), but an inference is made that the midwives obtain access via secondary sources such as obstetricians. Midwives feels competent to do episiotomies but would like to be updated on knowledge regarding procedures and agree that skills updates are important. They are not aware of how to gain access to evidence based literature such as systematic reviews. Conclusions There is an urgent need to inform the regulatory professional body to review their regulations as the current regulation as it stands promotes more harm than good. Similarly is there a need to inform the national, provincial and local government I institutions, that if they publish guidelines they need to ensure that these guidelines are based on the latest evidence where possible. It is further important that policies be available to all members of staff to update them self with current information. In-service updates on evidence.
The attitudes of midwives towards pregnant women using illicit substances in the Metro East Sub-District, Cape Town
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Finlayson, Jean-Louise; Mayers, Pat
Background: Worldwide, it is estimated that 155 -250 million people between the ages of 15 and 64 use illicit substances; however, an accurate estimation of illicit drug use during pregnancy is not available as this is underreported. The South African National Drug Master Plan (NDMP) reports rising illicit drug use among pregnant women Early initiation and regular antenatal care prevent or decrease many risk factors caused by the use of illicit drugs, leading to improved outcomes for mothers and infants. Pregnant women who use illicit drugs are less likely to engage with health services due to various barriers, of which stigma is particularly pervasive. Stigmatising attitudes from health care providers may lead to reduced management and care. There is limited South African information regarding midwives’ attitudes toward pregnant women who use illicit substances. Aim: To describe midwives’ attitudes toward pregnant women who use illicit substances in the Metro East sub-district of Cape Town. Study setting and population: Primary, secondary, and tertiary maternity services in the Metro East sub-district, Cape Town. All midwives (N=146) in all facilities in the sub-district were included (total population sampling). Method: A quantitative approach with a survey design, using a previously validated questionnaire, was utilised. Face-to-face data collection was conducted. Each questionnaire was checked for completeness. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Ethical considerations: This study strictly adhered to ethical principles. Ethical approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, UWC, and Western Cape Department of Health Research Committee. The research adheres to the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013. Voluntary participation and the right to withdraw at any point during the study was respected and respondent data was anonymised. Results: The study had a response rate of 69%. Most respondents were female and 51.4% were in the < 41 age group. 15.8% of respondents had one year or less experience, with a mean of 10 years of experience.
Attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards E- learning at the University of the Western Cape
(University of Western Cape, 2012) Akimanimpaye, Furaha; Fakude, Lorraine
The development of internet has provided an opportunity for offering online learning. Online learning otherwise known as ‘e-learning’ is a fast growing new concept of modern education. Substantial evidence indicates that many universities across the world have started offering study programmes through a variety of e-learning methods. Although e- learning environments are becoming popular, there is minimal research on learners’ attitudes toward online learning environments. Past research has recommended a variety of factors affecting user attitude so far as e-Learning is concern. It is thus against this background that this study purports to determine the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward e–learning at the University of the Western Cape. The study developed an integrated model with six dimensions: learners, instructors, courses, technology, design, and environment. A survey was conducted on 213 undergraduate nursing students to assess their attitudes toward e-learning. The study employed the survey methodology based on the questionnaire that was distributed randomly to students to assess their attitudes towards e-learning and to find out if any existing demographical factors impact on the students’ use of e- learning. The results revealed that males and females differed significantly in terms of satisfaction levels. When specific demographic variables with two outcome levels (age group, computer facility at home, computer training experience and experience in e-learning prior to registering at UWC) are considered, there is no statistically significant difference (from the sample t-test) in learner satisfaction between these groups. From a valid response rate (90% of the sample), statistical analysis (multivariate analysis) revealed that learner satisfaction as the control variable is influenced by perceived easy to use, gender and year level of participants. The findings also showed a significant difference between male and female satisfaction. In this regard, 4th year nursing students were proven to be less likely to be satisfied with e-learning than 2ndyear nursing students, whereas female nursing students are more likely to be satisfied with e-learning than male nursing students. Generally, the study’s findings demonstrate a favourable attitude towards e-learning among nursing students at University of the Western Cape.
Bachelor of nursing students at a higher education institution in the Western Cape’s experience of preparation for and perceptions about their readiness for clinical placement in emergency
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Sipamla, Nomahlubi; Daniels, Felicity
Nurses are the frontline healthcare professionals in the emergency units, charged with providing ethical, safe and effective emergency care. They are required to have specific knowledge and skills about emergency care. Emergency nursing is a speciality requiring high acuity as it is complex, acute and sometimes chaotic in nature. It is centred on the level of severity, urgent intervention, prioritization, resuscitative measures and stabilization to prevent, mortality and morbidity.
Barriers to utilisation of out-patient mental health services at a children’s hospital in Cape Town
(2013) Mokitimi, Stella; Adejumo, Oluyinka
This mini-thesis is an investigation of the barriers (if any) to utilisation of child and adolescent out-patient mental health services in the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at a children’s hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. It explores the reasons that make the patients not to honour their appointments. The study examines the relationship between the dependent variables (attendance (0), and non-attendance (1)), and independent variables which are demographic factors (age, sex, education, race, employment, marital status, area of residence, form of treatment, diagnosis and frequency of missed appointments) and continuous variables (finance/costs, language, knowledge, stigma, support system, culture/religion, confidentiality, work, school, service, and other miscellaneous variables (forgetting, inconvenience, refusing, frequency of appointments, and length of the session and emergency). The literature reviewed in the study revealed that non-attendance in mental health is a universal phenomenon, which affects everyone regardless of race, ethnicity or economic class. Furthermore, child mental health differs from other health fields in that almost all the patients are brought for consultation, somehow, against their will (Eapen & Jairam, 2009). In the study, the present researcher argues that even though non-attendance in child and adolescent psychiatry is a universal phenomenon, and literature is consistent in the findings on the barriers to utilisation of mental health services in other parts of the world, there is poor information on similar studies on South Africa, and particularly in Cape Town, where this study is based. This study will therefore contribute information to the existing body of knowledge in this area of child and adolescent mental health care services. iv The present researcher used a quantitative approach and Non-experimental design. Notably, the researcher used random stratified sampling with a population of patients who consulted with the Division of Child and Adolescent Out-patient Psychiatry Unit and at Neuropsychiatry Outpatient Clinic from the 1st of January 2011 to the 31st of December 2011, who missed appointments, and those who never missed appointments. The researcher conducted a survey using self-administered structured questionnaires, with children from 9 years to 18 years, and all parents/caregivers. The data is analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 19.0 and Descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from this study showed that all other independent variables investigated are statistically insignificant and are not associated with non-attendance in this out-patient unit, except for school related reasons which are found to be dominant possible barriers for attendance, and culture/religion is also statistically significant and has a weak association with non-attendance. These findings have implications on service delivery in this unit. Based on the findings, this mini-thesis concludes with a recommendation that services may possibly need to be reviewed to meet the needs of the patients in order to improve utilisation. I also recommend that this study be rolled out to other community clinics in the Western Cape, as it was done on a smaller scale, and only in one out-patient unit.
Best practices on operative nursing care in ophthalmic surgery for cataract and retinal detachment in South Africa: a systematic review
(2012) Singh, Suveena; Mbombo, N.
Literature shows that cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally and nationally. Retinal detachment has also been a substantial problem both globally and nationally. Both of these conditions are prevalent in patients of 50 years and older. The treatment for both conditions is for surgery to be performed. In the Western Cape the three leading hospitals do not have ophthalmic pre-operative and post-operative protocols.Review question:What are the best practices to manage pre-operative and post-operative nursing care in patients waiting for cataract and retinal detachment surgery? bjectives:1. To determine the best practice in pre-operative and post-operative care in patients who have undergone cataract and/or retinal detachment surgery regarding: health education offered by nurses, counselling to prevent psychological effects, and positioning to prevent physical complications. 2. To develop a framework based on systematic reviews for pre-operative and post-operative ophthalmic nursing care in South Africa. Methodology: A systematic review using the guide by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination was done, and studies were identified by searching various electronic databases and visually scanning reference lists from the relevant studies. Studies that were included were evidence-based. All study types were considered and the studies were selected based on the title and, where available, the abstract. These were then assessed against the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was used. Finally the evidence was summarised and a framework was drawn up, focusing on pre-operative and post-operative nursing care for cataract and retinal detachment surgery
Burnout among nurses working in a maternity department at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Booi, Dumo; Penelope, Martin
Burnout syndrome is a health concern that affects many people who work in jobs that need them to interact with others. Among the most vulnerable professions, healthcare personnel have been identified as the group most likely to experience burnout. Globally, research has shown that duty-related strain or pressure is increasing in nurses, leading to nursing burnout. Midwifery can be stressful since it involves working directly with family planning, clients of all ages, expectant moms and fathers, and their families. Nurses working in maternity departments at tertiary hospitals may be more susceptible to burnout due to the amount of work, working hours, and stressful working environment among other.
Care workers’ experience of stress and social support in caring for residents with intellectual disability at a selected residential facility in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Nogemane, Tozama; PD, Martin
Caring for people with intellectual disability is stressful as they have a reduced ability to cope independently. The stress may be exacerbated by the challenging behaviours intellectually disabled people display and by the lack of social support that care workers may experience. The aim of this study is to explore and describe care workers’ experience of stress and social support whilst caring for intellectually disabled residents with challenging behaviour. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive phenomenology study was utilised to answer the research question: “What are the experiences of stress and social support of care workers caring for intellectually disabled residents with challenging behaviour at a residential facility in the Western Cape?” A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select ten care workers working at a residential facility for intellectually disabled residents with challenging behaviour in the Western Cape. Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional model of stress and coping has been used to guide the study. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was used to analyse the data. The four main themes that emerged are: (1) acceptance of abuse as a working condition, (2) interpersonal relationships with colleagues, residents and residents’ families, (3) the selfimpacted by an array of emotions and (4) social support and coping strategies used to deal with the stress experienced. The study concluded that care workers’ training does not prepare them to understand and manage residents with challenging behaviour adequately. Formalised training as well as interpersonal skills building is necessary for them to cope with the stress they experience while working with intellectually disabled residents.
Caregivers’ experiences with implementing asthma management guidelines for children who attend a hospital in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2013) Van Rhyn, Gabieba; Daniels, Felicity
Asthma education aims to reduce exacerbations by helping the patient or the caregivers to recognize early warning signs and act accordingly. However, a number of studies have indicated that childhood asthma morbidity is still rising. The goal of this research study is to explore the caregivers’ experiences of implementing the asthma education guidelines. The question to be answered by this research is: “How do caregivers experience the implementation of the guidelines for preventing an asthma attack?” Caregivers attending the asthma clinic at Red Cross War Memorial Children Hospital, Rondebosch were the study population who participated in this qualitative study. Purposive sampling was applied for recruiting participants to the study. A semi-structured, open –ended interview schedule was used to collect data from individuals during semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The data was analysed according to the guidelines of Creswell (2009). The results showed that care-givers found the education programme useful. They also reported that the education programme were offered at their level and was easy to understand. Care-givers indicated that the programme should continue because they learnt every time they attended and found that the practical demonstrations were particularly useful.

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