Research Articles (SAHSMI)
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Item HPLC determination of selected flavonoid glycosides and their corresponding aglycones in Sutherlandia frutescens materials(OMICS, 2016) Mbamalu, Oluchi; Antunes, E.; Silosini, N.; Samsodien, Halima; Syce, JamesSutherlandia frutescens is a popular South African plant commercially available in a range of formulations. However, reference standards for quality and stability assessment are lacking. This work reports the development and validation of a reversed phase HPLC method for the analysis of flavonoid glycosides and their corresponding aglycones in S. frutescens products. Five materials containing either leaf powder (LP) or spray-dried aqueous extract (SDAE) of S. frutescens were analysed for flavonoid content. A primary objective was to isolate non-commercially available flavonoid glycoside compounds (sutherlandins) for use as reference standards. Sutherlandins A, B, C and D were successfully isolated, and used, with other flavonoid compounds for HPLC assay development. The developed HPLC method was linear in the range of 0.2 to 60 µg/ml for quercitrin; 0.2 to 120 µg/ml for quercetin and kaempferol; 0.2 to 200 µg/ml for rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; 4 to 180 µg/ml for sutherlandins A and D; and 4 to 200 µg/ml for sutherlandins B and C. Percentage content of sutherlandins A, B, C and D, quercetin and kaempferol in different plant materials were significantly different (P<0.001). The developed HPLC method is simple, precise and robust; and can be employed for the simultaneous determination of flavonoid glycosides and aglycones for quality control of S. frutescens products.Item Some alkaloids and flavonoids from Cissampelos capensis(Academic Journals, 2015) Babajide, Jelili Olalekan; Mabusela, Wilfred T.; Green, IvanFollowing the screening of several plant species from an inventory of common medicinal plants from South Africa for medicinal properties, Cissampelos capensis was selected for further investigation due to its interesting and useful ethnomedicinal properties. This study attempts to relate specific constituents present in this plant with its widespread ethnomedicinal uses. Six compounds were isolated and their structures were unambiguously established by spectroscopic methods. The compounds are: 5,6-dehydro-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3,6-trimethoxy-17-methylmorphinan-7-one (1); 1,2-methylenedioxy-3-hydroxy -9,10-dimethoxyaporphine (2); 5,6-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-17-methylmorphinan-7-one (3); 3,7,8,3'-tetramethoxy- 6 - C-methyl- 5,4'-dihydroxyflavone (6 -C-methylquercetin 3, 3',7, 8 -tetramethyl ether) (4); 5, 7, 8 -trihydroxy-2?, 5?-dimethoxy-3?,4?- methylenedioxyisoflavanone (5); 3 -methoxy-6 -C-methyl-3',4',5,7,8 -pentahydroxyflavone (6 -C- methylquercetin -3-methyl ether) (6). Five of the isolated compounds, (viz., 1,2,4,5 and 6) have, to our knowledge, not been reported previously. The crude fractions and isolates were tested for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test and for antimicrobial properties using nine microbes, including three Gram -ve, three Gram +ve bacteria and three fungi. The Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 10332), Proteus vulgaris (NCTC 4175) and Escherichia coli Sero type 1 (NCTC 09001), while the Gram-positive bacteria were Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 13134) and Bacillus licheniformis (NCTC 01097). The Fungal species used were Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Candida eropiralis (ATCC 750) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 10578). The n-Hex fractions were not active while the highest activities were found in the methanolic extracts. The total tertiary alkaloid fraction (TTA) showed the highest activity against the Bacillus substillis. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 appear to be the most promising with regards to the prospects of drug development.