UWCScholar :: Browsing by Author "Roman, Nicolette"

Browsing by Author "Roman, Nicolette"

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Adjustment of first year university students and the effect of a psychosocial intervention on their mental health and adjustment over an interrupted time series
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Stroud, Candice; Roman, Nicolette
First-year students face an array of challenges, ranging from financial, to academic and psychosocial problems. Research suggests that first-year students require student support structures to enable student retention. Higher education institutions have now focused on building towards student graduate attributes as well as developing well-balanced, well-rounded students. First-year experience studies have identified the growing interest in the potential impact of psycho-social interventions on the social adjustment and influence on students’ mental health. This study assess the effects of psychosocial interventions on the mental health and adjustment of first-year students by using an Interrupted Time Series (ITS) analysis.
Assessment of nutritional knowledge, behaviour and BMI of Primary Care-Givers with children under the age of 18 years
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Brown, Melissa; Roman, Nicolette; Dept. of Social Work
Research suggests that parents feeding practices play a critical role in the development of children tastes, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Thus if parental feeding practices play such a critical role, the question arises as to whether there is a difference in parental feeding practices that determine different developments in children nutritional habits. Furthermore, feeding practices are possibly based on the nutritional knowledge of parents. The aim of this study was to assess the Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional knowledge and behaviour of primary care-givers. This study followed the quantitative research paradigm. A sample of 147 staff members, who were primary care- givers of children at a University in the Western Cape was self-selected to participate in the study. Only primary care-givers of children were invited to participate. The primary care-givers were asked to complete two online questionnaires, the Comprehensive Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFPQ) developed by Musher-E-Eisenman and Holub (2007), and the General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for adults. Data analysis was done by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS17). Results indicated that the majority of participants were overweight (46% of the participants). Primary care-givers across all body mass index groups did not lack nutritional knowledge but variations in behaviour were found with regard to feeding practices. However similarities were found in the BMI categories in the areas of teaching about nutrition, pressure to eat at meal times and encouraging balance and variety.
Assessment of nutritional knowledge, behaviour and BMI of Primary Care-Givers with children under the age of 18 years
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Brown, Melissa; Roman, Nicolette; Dept. of Social Work
Research suggests that parents feeding practices play a critical role in the development of children tastes, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Thus if parental feeding practices play such a critical role, the question arises as to whether there is a difference in parental feeding practices that determine different developments in children nutritional habits. Furthermore, feeding practices are possibly based on the nutritional knowledge of parents. The aim of this study was to assess the Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional knowledge and behaviour of primary care-givers. This study followed the quantitative research paradigm. A sample of 147 staff members, who were primary care- givers of children at a University in the Western Cape was self-selected to participate in the study. Only primary care-givers of children were invited to participate. The primary care-givers were asked to complete two online questionnaires, the Comprehensive Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFPQ) developed by Musher-E-Eisenman and Holub (2007), and the General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for adults. Data analysis was done by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS17). Results indicated that the majority of participants were overweight (46% of the participants). Primary care-givers across all body mass index groups did not lack nutritional knowledge but variations in behaviour were found with regard to feeding practices. However similarities were found in the BMI categories in the areas of teaching about nutrition, pressure to eat at meal times and encouraging balance and variety.
An assessment of the perceptions of parental practices which place children at-risk for abuse and neglect
(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Cottee, Gail Janine; Roman, Nicolette
The aim of the study was to assess the perceptions of parental practices, which could place children at risk for abuse and neglect. This study used the quantitative method with a cross-sectional comparative design to examine and compare parental practices of parents, whose children were victims of abuse or neglect across gender, marital status and socio economic status. A sample of 163 participants (87 mothers and 76 fathers), who were either single or married and their socio economic status varied from the lower to the higher income group participated in the study. The participants completed the questionnaire, which was based on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the data was analyzed by means of the Statistical Package in the Science (SPSS version 20). The results suggest that there are no significant differences between parents based on socio-economic status and marital status. However, there were significant differences between mothers? and fathers? care and overprotection. Furthermore, mothers were identified as being affectionless controlling in their parenting practices (low care and high overprotection) and fathers as affectionately constraining in their parenting practices (high care and high protection). Recommendations are provided for this study
An assessment of the perceptions of parental practices which place children at-risk for abuse and neglect
(2012) Cottee, Gail Janine; Roman, Nicolette
Parental practices play a vital role in children lives. The manner in which parents interact with their children, can promotes and support the physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. It could be describe as the process, whereby children learn to be responsible, and the consequences of their actions with the assistance of their parents. The aim of the study was to assess the perceptions of parental practices, which could place children at risk for abuse and neglect. This study used the quantitative method with a cross-sectional comparative design to examine and compare parental practices of parents, whose children were victims of abuse or neglect across gender, marital status and socio economic status. A sample of 163 participants (87 mothers and 76 fathers), who were either single or married and their socio economic status varied from the lower to the higher income group participated in the study. The participants completed the questionnaire, which was based on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the data was analyzed by means of the Statistical Package in the Science (SPSS version 20). The results suggest that there are no significant differences between parents based on socio-economic status and marital status. However, there were significant differences between mothers‟ and fathers‟ care and overprotection.Furthermore, mothers were identified as being affectionless controlling in their parenting practices (low care and high overprotection) and fathers as affectionately constraining in their parenting practices (high care and high protection). Recommendations are provided for this study.
A case study for intergenerational transference of parenting in genadendal: Developing guidelines
(University of the Western Cape, 2014) Human-Hendricks, Anja; Schenck, Catherine; Roman, Nicolette
Parenting practices are known to influence the development of children and family functioning. However, the extent to which these generational influences stretch, and the continuities brought forth between generations has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore intergenerational parenting in Genadendal for the purpose of developing guidelines for parents and practitioners. The concept of parenting was extensively unpacked to understand the intergenerational transmitted parenting factors being transferred from one generation to the next, in order to examine the parenting styles, parenting practices, parenting traits, and how these are transmitted over generations.
A case study for intergenerational transference of parenting in genadendal: Developing guidelines
(University of the Western Cape, 2014) Human-Hendricks, Anja; Schenck, Catherine; Roman, Nicolette
Parenting practices are known to influence the development of children and family functioning. However, the extent to which these generational influences stretch, and the continuities brought forth between generations has not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore intergenerational parenting in Genadendal for the purpose of developing guidelines for parents and practitioners. The concept of parenting was extensively unpacked to understand the intergenerational transmitted parenting factors being transferred from one generation to the next, in order to examine the parenting styles, parenting practices, parenting traits, and how these are transmitted over generations.
The challenges experienced by parents when parenting a child with hearing loss within a South African context
(Routledge, 2021) Davids, Ronel; Roman, Nicolette; Schenck, Catherina
The purpose of the current study was to explore the challenges experienced by hearing parents when parenting a child with hearing loss. Using a qualitative purposive sampling design, interviews were conducted with 13 parents (9 mothers, 4 fathers) residing in Cape Town, South Africa. Four salient themes emerged, namely: 1) communication is difficult, hard, and frustrating; 2) lack of knowledge and information about hearing loss makes it difficult to parent; 3) little or no support makes for a lonely journey; and 4) support identified by parents for parents. The findings of the study have important implications for collaboration and partnerships between parents and health and family practitioners within South Africa for the design and development of supportive interventions for parents parenting a child with hearing loss.
Circle of Security parenting program efficacy for improving parental self-efficacy in a South African setting: Preliminary evidence
(Routledge, 2018) Rose, Jenny; Roman, Nicolette; Mwaba, Kelvin
This pilot study examined the cross-cultural transportability of a western Circle of Security (COS) parenting program to improve on levels of parental self-efficacy in a South African setting . Participants (n = 9) were sampled from a fishing community on the West Coast of South Africa . The participants completed the COS with pre-test and post-test measures of their parenting self-efficacy . Furthermore, they completed an open-ended measure of their satisfaction with the parenting program . The data were analysed using the Wilcoxon sign-rank test and the Sign test to determine the significance in differences between pre-to-post-test change scores . In addition, a thematic analysis was conducted on participant’s satisfaction with the parenting program . Results indicated significant and possible change scores for the efficacy scores: ability to handle parenting pressures, control, and learning . The participants considered the COS program appropriate to their context and situation . These preliminary findings support the need for further study of the COS parenting program within the broader context of South Africa.
A comparative analysis and evaluation of the naturopathic curriculum in South Africa
(South African Medical Association, 2021) Ericksen-Pereira, Wendy; Roman, Nicolette; Swart, Rina
Naturopathy has been taught at tertiary level in South Africa (SA) for 18 years. This research paper examines the naturopathic curriculum to determine whether it is benchmarked to international standards and meets the needs of graduates in practice. It is the first research paper that critically reviews the curriculum of a complementary alternative medicine profession taught at a higher education institution (HEI) in SA.To critically review the naturopathy curriculum taught at an SA HEI. Methods. This research used a sequential two-stage qualitative methodology. In stage one, a comparative document analysis was conducted using the curriculum recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Naturopathic Federation (WNF) and the University of the Western Cape. Stage two consisted of a graduate review of the curriculum. Eighteen graduates participated in the review by providing input on all the subjects in the curriculum via email. The responses were summarised and thematically analysed.
A comparative study of family functioning and parenting styles between families of substance users and non-users in Grabouw
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Essop, Roshin; Schenck, Catherina; Roman, Nicolette
Substance use amongst youth in Grabouw has been recognised as a concern by the community. Essentially parenting styles and family functioning are important contributors to adolescents‘ engagement in substance use. Adolescence is a sensitive time for youths as they are faced with many developmental changes; consequently it is vital for positive parenting styles and healthy family functioning to be present to ensure healthy development. However, previous research shows that families of substance users do not function in a healthy manner and tend to have negative parenting styles. The aim of this study is to compare family functioning and parenting styles within the families of substance users and non-users in Grabouw. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional, correlational comparative design. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents between the ages of 15-17 years in schools in Grabouw. The participants completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Parenting Styles Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation were used to analyse the data. A t-test was used to determine the differences between groups. The findings of the study show that there is no difference in family functioning between the user and non-user groups. Notably, findings reveal that authoritative and permissive parenting styles are the prevalent parenting styles in both user and non-user groups. Furthermore the results indicate that the authoritarian parenting style was higher in the substance using group. The findings also show that there is no correlation between family functioning and the authoritative parenting style.
A comparative study of family functioning and parenting styles between families of substance users and non-users in Grabouw
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Essop, Roshin; Schenck, Catherina; Roman, Nicolette
Substance use amongst youth in Grabouw has been recognised as a concern by the community. Essentially parenting styles and family functioning are important contributors to adolescents‘ engagement in substance use. Adolescence is a sensitive time for youths as they are faced with many developmental changes; consequently it is vital for positive parenting styles and healthy family functioning to be present to ensure healthy development. However, previous research shows that families of substance users do not function in a healthy manner and tend to have negative parenting styles. The aim of this study is to compare family functioning and parenting styles within the families of substance users and non-users in Grabouw. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional, correlational comparative design. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents between the ages of 15-17 years in schools in Grabouw. The participants completed the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Parenting Styles Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation were used to analyse the data. A t-test was used to determine the differences between groups. The findings of the study show that there is no difference in family functioning between the user and non-user groups. Notably, findings reveal that authoritative and permissive parenting styles are the prevalent parenting styles in both user and non-user groups. Furthermore the results indicate that the authoritarian parenting style was higher in the substance using group. The findings also show that there is no correlation between family functioning and the authoritative parenting style.
A comparative study of the psychological well-being of single and married mothers who work shifts in a call centre environment
(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Green, Glynnis Ann; Roman, Nicolette
South Africa is recognised as having world-class status in the call centre arena and this industry has grown exponentially in the last two decades, as has the number of women entering the workforce, including married and single mothers. Call centres provide a 24/7 service to the public, and therefore employees are expected to work shifts in this environment. It is also evident that even though mothers are making a significant contribution to the workforce, the role of the working mother is still that of primary caregiver and nurturer in the home. The main purpose of this study was to examine and compare the psychological well-being of single and married mothers, who do and do not work shifts in a call centre environment. The study findings were based on quantitative research in a call centre in the Western Cape, South Africa, with a sample of 192 single and married working mothers, of whom 135 mothers worked shifts and 57 mothers did not. Psychological well-being was indicated by the use of two instruments: Rosenberg‟s(1965) Self-esteem Scale and Diener‟s (1982) Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package in the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The analysis of the data included the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study show that marital status has a significant effect on the psychological well-being of working mothers in this call centre environment. However, it was found that shift work did not make a significant difference to the psychological well-being of the working mothers in this call centre. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyse the interaction of the four groups (single, married, shift working and non-shift working mothers) and the results of this analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the interaction between the groups.Recommendations are provided in the study.
A comparative study of the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in high and low socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres
(U, 2014) September, Shiron Jade; Roman, Nicolette; Rich, E.
Early childhood development has been recognised to be the most important contributor to long-term social and emotional development. Whatever occurs in a child‘s life in the early years may be an indicator of the child‘s developmental trajectory and life-course. Therefore positive parenting is paramount to foster quality parent-child interaction. However, previous research shows that for parents to adopt a positive parenting style, some degree of parental knowledge is required. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in low and high socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres. The study used a mixed methods approach with a two-phased sequential exploratory design. A systematic review was conducted in phase 1 followed by a quantitative study for phase 2. The sample consisted of N = 140 parents with children between 2-5 years old from low and high socio-economic groups. The participants completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI-P) and Parenting Styles Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Findings of the study show that the authoritative parenting style is the prevalent parenting style in both low and high socio-economic groups. Furthermore the results indicate that parents are fairly knowledgeable across all subscales for both the low and high socio-economic group with a significant difference in degree of knowledge with the high socio-economic group being more knowledgeable than the low socio-economic group. The findings also show that there in no correlation between knowledge of child development and authoritative parenting styles. However correlations do exist between the other variables.
A comparative study of the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in high and low socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres
(U, 2014) September, Shiron Jade; Roman, Nicolette; Rich, E.
Early childhood development has been recognised to be the most important contributor to long-term social and emotional development. Whatever occurs in a child‘s life in the early years may be an indicator of the child‘s developmental trajectory and life-course. Therefore positive parenting is paramount to foster quality parent-child interaction. However, previous research shows that for parents to adopt a positive parenting style, some degree of parental knowledge is required. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in low and high socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres. The study used a mixed methods approach with a two-phased sequential exploratory design. A systematic review was conducted in phase 1 followed by a quantitative study for phase 2. The sample consisted of N = 140 parents with children between 2-5 years old from low and high socio-economic groups. The participants completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI-P) and Parenting Styles Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Findings of the study show that the authoritative parenting style is the prevalent parenting style in both low and high socio-economic groups. Furthermore the results indicate that parents are fairly knowledgeable across all subscales for both the low and high socio-economic group with a significant difference in degree of knowledge with the high socio-economic group being more knowledgeable than the low socio-economic group. The findings also show that there in no correlation between knowledge of child development and authoritative parenting styles. However correlations do exist between the other variables.
A comparative study of the relationship between parenting styles and bmi scores of children in low and high socio economic areas
(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Sabi, Khalida; Roman, Nicolette; Brown, M.
Globally childhood obesity is becoming an epidemic, which is resulting in a generation of children who will live a shorter life expectancy than their parents. Researchers claim that overweight and obesity in school going children is on the rise with very few publications that have examined its significance and prevalence in South Africa. Recent research indicates that parenting styles are a contributing factor towards children’s weight status and obesegenic behaviours (such as eating patterns). Recent studies have identified a gap in this area where more informed research needs to be conducted on this topic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and BMI scores of school children in low and high socio economic areas. A quantitative cross sectional study, with correlational, comparative research design was conducted. This study used a multi stage sampling procedure which included convenient sampling and cluster sampling to identify the areas as well as the schools relevant to the study. The sample size consisted of all the grade 2 learners in the 4 randomly selected schools (200 male and 166 female learners) with a primary care giver (366). The final sample consisted of 366 learners and 366 primary caregivers from the 4 different schools which provided a final sample of 732 participants. The parents completed the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the BMI of the children was manually taken. Findings of the study show that authoritative parenting styles are higher in high socio economic areas but this style of parenting has a higher prevalence in both socio economic areas when compared to the other parenting style typologies. Furthermore the BMI scores in low socio economic areas were documented as being more in line with the WHO growth curves assigned to that age group as compared to the high socio economic areas that did not meet those growth curve markers. There was no clear correlation identified between the parenting style and increased BMI scores.
A comparative study of the relationship between parenting styles and bmi scores of children in low and high socio economic areas
(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Sabi, Khalida; Roman, Nicolette; Brown, M.
Globally childhood obesity is becoming an epidemic, which is resulting in a generation of children who will live a shorter life expectancy than their parents. Researchers claim that overweight and obesity in school going children is on the rise with very few publications that have examined its significance and prevalence in South Africa. Recent research indicates that parenting styles are a contributing factor towards children’s weight status and obesegenic behaviours (such as eating patterns). Recent studies have identified a gap in this area where more informed research needs to be conducted on this topic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and BMI scores of school children in low and high socio economic areas. A quantitative cross sectional study, with correlational, comparative research design was conducted. This study used a multi stage sampling procedure which included convenient sampling and cluster sampling to identify the areas as well as the schools relevant to the study. The sample size consisted of all the grade 2 learners in the 4 randomly selected schools (200 male and 166 female learners) with a primary care giver (366). The final sample consisted of 366 learners and 366 primary caregivers from the 4 different schools which provided a final sample of 732 participants. The parents completed the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the BMI of the children was manually taken. Findings of the study show that authoritative parenting styles are higher in high socio economic areas but this style of parenting has a higher prevalence in both socio economic areas when compared to the other parenting style typologies. Furthermore the BMI scores in low socio economic areas were documented as being more in line with the WHO growth curves assigned to that age group as compared to the high socio economic areas that did not meet those growth curve markers. There was no clear correlation identified between the parenting style and increased BMI scores.
The contribution of divorce to parental self-efficacy and perception of parenting among divorced parents: A qualitative study
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Rix, Ramone Che; Rose, Jenny; Roman, Nicolette
Divorce and self-efficacy are areas that have been studied quite widely and extensively in recent decades. Going through a divorce has an effect on how parents actually parent their children, which in turn has an effect on the behavioral, emotional, social and academic outcomes of the child. Divorce is considered a significant factor in determining emotional and social problems that children begin to exhibit. However, few research has been conducted on the relationship of divorce with parental self-efficacy and perception of parenting among divorced parents in South Africa. Therefore, this study used qualitative interviews to explore the impact of divorce on parental self-efficacy and perceptions of parenting among ten divorced parents from working to middle class community in Cape Town, South Africa. . The interviews were analyzed by making use of thematic analysis. Results showed that, although participants experienced an initial period of extreme emotional distress and feeling overwhelmed at being a single parent, their confidence in their parenting increased over time as they began to adjust to their new lives and received adequate and regular support. This was accomplished through various techniques and coping mechanisms employed by the participants, and with their social support structure playing a significant role on their parental self-efficacy. This study contributes to the research that has been conducted on parental self-efficacy, specifically, the research that has been conducted in a South African context, which has been generally lacking in terms of previous research.
Does family structure matter? A comparison of the goals and aspirations of learners in secondary school
(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Davids, Eugene Lee; Roman, Nicolette
Self Determination Theory (SDT) proposes that individuals are motivated to have goals and aspirations which are either intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. Intrinsic life goals are associated with greater psychological health and well-being. Research shows that family structure plays a role in the way children are raised and has implications for later adult adjustment. In South Africa 42.8% of children are raised in a single parent household. This study aimed to compare the goals and aspirations of learners from single and married parent households. The study used a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional comparative research design. The sample consisted of 853 Grade 11 learners from schools in the Northern, Southern and Metro Central Education Districts in the Western Cape. The data was collected using a selfreport questionnaire that consisted of two sections, demographical information and the Aspirations Index. The Aspirations Index assessed the life goals of the learners and categorised the goals and aspirations into intrinsic and extrinsic life goals. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V20 (SPSS). The results suggest that there was a significant main effect of family structure on certain goals and aspirations of Grade 11 learners in secondary schools. These goals and aspirations included wealth, image, personal growth, relationships and health. Furthermore, participants from single parent households placed more emphasis on intrinsic goals than participants from married parent.
Does family structure matter? A comparison of the goals and aspirations of learners in secondary school
(University of the Western Cape, 2012) Davids, Eugene Lee; Roman, Nicolette
Self Determination Theory (SDT) proposes that individuals are motivated to have goals and aspirations which are either intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. Intrinsic life goals are associated with greater psychological health and well-being. Research shows that family structure plays a role in the way children are raised and has implications for later adult adjustment. In South Africa 42.8% of children are raised in a single parent household. This study aimed to compare the goals and aspirations of learners from single and married parent households. The study used a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional comparative research design. The sample consisted of 853 Grade 11 learners from schools in the Northern, Southern and Metro Central Education Districts in the Western Cape. The data was collected using a selfreport questionnaire that consisted of two sections, demographical information and the Aspirations Index. The Aspirations Index assessed the life goals of the learners and categorised the goals and aspirations into intrinsic and extrinsic life goals. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V20 (SPSS). The results suggest that there was a significant main effect of family structure on certain goals and aspirations of Grade 11 learners in secondary schools. These goals and aspirations included wealth, image, personal growth, relationships and health. Furthermore, participants from single parent households placed more emphasis on intrinsic goals than participants from married parent.