Browsing by Author "Ojemaye, Cecilia"

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    Contaminant denialism in water governance
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Petrik, Leslie; Green, Lesley; Ojemaye, Cecilia
    Noting that contaminant denialism is an increasing problem in environmental governance globally, this study describes public communication strategies that inappropriately minimize the problem of contaminants in respect of sewage discharges in and around water‐bodies in Cape Town, South Africa. The article describes four kinds of contaminant denialism encountered in official public communications: data foreclosure; misinformation; the weaponization of science, and the use of point data instead of flow models. Interpreting these with reference to the sociology of science known as agnogenesis, the study of the production of public ignorance, the study demonstrates that contaminant denialism is exacerbated in contexts where scientific findings are expected to support marketing of tourism or excellence in a political administration. This is further exacerbated where there is reluctance to recognize that public infrastructure designed prior to the increased influx of toxic, non‐biodegradable compounds that bioaccumulate in the open environment, generates new hazards; a political culture has difficulty acknowledging human waste; point‐based data is regarded as definitive empirical fact without regard to the hydrological reality of water flows, and science provision derives from a privatized and market‐driven service sector. The study concludes with proposals to minimize contaminant denialism in the public sector, inter alia removing institutionalized conflicts of interest; using predictive modeling; re‐assessment of inherited infrastructure design in light of the challenges presented by new toxins, and subjecting for‐profit scientific consultancies and official public science communications to regular peer review and/or audits by statutory scientific bodies that are independent of regional governance. Plain Language Summary The study identifies strategies that have been used by authorities in one city to dismiss or downplay contamination issues, including secrecy, withholding data, and attacking the credibility of independent scientists.
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    Persistent pharmaceuticals in a South African urban estuary and bioaccumulation in endobenthic sandprawns (Kraussillichirus kraussi)
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Petrik, Leslie; Murgatroyd, Olivia; Ojemaye, Cecilia
    Pharmaceuticals are increasingly being detected in coastal ecosystems globally, but contamination and bioaccumulation levels are understudied in temporarily closed estuaries. In these systems, limited freshwater inputs and periodic closure may predispose them to pharmaceutical accumulation. We quantified in situ water column pharmaceutical levels at five sites in a temporarily closed model urban estuary (Zandvlei Estuary) in Cape Town, South Africa, that has been heavily anthropogenically modified. The results indicate an almost 100-fold greater concentration of pharmaceuticals in the estuary relative to False Bay, into which the estuary discharges, with acetaminophen (max: 2.531 µg/L) and sulfamethoxazole (max: 0.138 µg/L) being the primary pollutants. Acetaminophen was potentially bioaccumulative, while nevirapine, carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole were bioaccumulated (BAF > 5000 L/kg) by sandprawns (Kraussillichirus kraussi), which are key coastal endobenthic ecosystem engineers in southern Africa. The assimilative capacity of temporarily closed estuarine environments may be adversely impacted by wastewater discharges that contain diverse pharmaceuticals, based upon the high bioaccumulation detected in key benthic engineers.