UWCScholar :: Browsing by Author "Dinbabo, Mulugeta F."

Browsing by Author "Dinbabo, Mulugeta F."

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An instance of xenophobia: An investigation into the violence against somali traders in Khayelitsha
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Aden, Abdi Ahmed; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
South Africa has been praised by many as having the most democratic constitution in the world which safeguards the rights of all who live within the borders of the nation. Ironically this has not been so with migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers, mainly of African origin. Attacks on these groups have been on the increase since the 1990s with little protection of their rights and dignities by the South African authorities. Many of the attacks reported takes place in townships and informal settlements which is mostly inhabited by black South Africans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attacks on Somali traders in the township of Khayelitsha. The study adopted the theory of prejudice functionalism and relative deprivation theory. In addition, the Scape-goat hypothesis, the isolation hypothesis and the Bio-cultural hypothesis theories were also applied through the study. Qualitative research approaches were used to probe into the attacks against Somali traders in the township of Khayelitsha. Analysis of data was done through content analysis where data was presented thematically by narratives that relate to the study objectives. The findings indicate that the major causes for xenophobia operated in a cycle that has four stages. Hatred causes of the attacks by the local community, which are criminal in nature. Finally, once the attacks have subsided, the Somali traders cope by opening up new shops; either within Khayelitsha or in other areas. After some time; the cycle repeats itself. The behaviour of government officers in different departments also displayed acute hatred for the Somalis and as a result, the service delivery of those departments was not satisfactory. The study therefore recommended that the government should put in place a mechanism where the victims can access justice. This starts from reporting at the police to the investigation and prosecution of culprits in courts of law.
Assessing the contribution of rural tourism to local economic development as a strategy for poverty alleviation: a case study on the Ukhahlamba district –Senqu municipality in South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2013) Qongo, Siyabonga Christopher; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Tourism is one of the many external forces influencing the direction and options for local economic development. A truly legitimate and practical discussion on tourism development must take place in and with the communities that are being influenced by tourist industry development. The tourism sector is the fourth largest generator of foreign exchange in South Africa and lies third, after manufacturing (24.4%) and mining and quarrying (8.6%), in its contribution to the economy, at 8.2%, but poverty and unemployment still persist, especially in rural areas. In line with the conceptual and theoretical framework derived from both demand and supply factors, this research was conducted to explore and develop a conceptual framework to examine how prices are established in local markets for tourism andassess the level of community participation in the tourism business ventures at Senqu Local Municipality in South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research have been applied throughout the study. The views of the community on their socio- economic conditions and their willingness to participate in tourism business ventures were also sought. The findings of the study lead to the conclusion that the socio-economic living conditions of the community of SLM are very poor and that empowerment and participation of the community could be an answer to alleviation thereof and provide a contribution to local economic development.
Assessing the impact of government grants on poverty and inequality: a microsimulation study in South African
(University of the Western Cape, 2014) Wurku, Seyfe Tadesse; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Poverty and inequality are the major challenges of the post-apartheid government of South Africa. In order to address these challenges, the government designed a range of policies and strategies including social grant programs. The main objectives of social grants in South Africa focus on relieving poverty and enabling the previously disadvantaged communities to access basic social services. However, poverty and inequality remains high in the country (statistics SA,2014). The main objective of this study is to critically examine the impact of selected government grant programs on poverty and inequality in South Africa. The study estimates households' consumption function using the third wave of National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) of South Africa and simulates the impacts of government grant on poverty and inequality. It examined how these impacts vary across population groups, gender and geographical locations. The findings indicate that monthly government grants decrease the head count poverty by between 3.7% and 4.4%, the poverty gap by between 1.9% and 2.7% and severity of poverty by between 1.2% and 1.9%. Government grants also reduce the odds of being in a state of poverty by approximately 59.1%. In terms of inequality, the findings show that government grants have little to do with reducing inequality (1.6%).
Assessing the impact of the livelihood empowerment against poverty (leap) social grant programme on household poverty reduction in rural Ghana: a case study of the Tolon-Kumbungu district in northern Ghana
(2013) Callistus, Agbaam Akachabwon; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Over the last decade, there has been a marked convergence in thinking regarding the importance of social cash transfers in poverty alleviation. As such, most governments especially in the developing world have began embracing the idea of rolling out various social cash transfers programmes in a bid to address poverty, social exclusion and vulnerability. This study which is predominantly centred on the LEAP social grant programme in Ghana aims at assessing the impact of the programme in alleviating household poverty in rural Ghana, specifically in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern region. Through a combination of both qualitative and quantitative strategies, the study focuses on unravelling in how far the programme has contributed to improving the livelihoods and general welfare of beneficiary households in the case study area. Using data from structured household questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews conducted in two rural communities (Dingoni and Woribogu), the study establishes that the LEAP social grant has a significant positive impact on food consumption, frequency of utilization of healthcare facilities and the school enrolment rate for children aged 6-13 years in beneficiary households. However, although hypothesised, no significant impact is observed in relation to the incidence of child labour in the household. Thus, in line with Rawls’ theory of justice, the researcher argues that the LEAP social grant programme is a very useful mechanism for promoting social justice in the Ghanaian society. Despite its successes, the study also uncovers that, the insufficient nature of the cash transfer, irregular payment periods, lack of access to complimentary services and lack of transparency and accountability on the part of payment officials are some key challenges confronting the programme from the perspective of beneficiaries, whilst limited staff capacity, the non availability of training opportunities for staff, inadequate logistical support and no motivation for programme staff and voluntary structures also constitute some key challenges from the institutional perspective. In all, the study recommends that government increases the cash amount and pay transfers regularly, link beneficiaries to existing complimentary services in the district, recruit more staff and provide in-service training opportunities for them, strictly monitor compliance to LEAP conditionalities and ensure transparency and accountability in the payment of transfers to beneficiaries.
Assessing the level of community participation in faith based NGOs in South Africa: The case of the South African National Zakah Fund (SANCAF) in Cape Town
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Safi, Ubaidulla; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
In a country like South Africa, with a history of racial discrimination and man-made social inequalities, many NGOs and FBOs play a crucial and important role in socio-economic development and in narrowing the gap between the haves and the have-nots. As one of the nongovernmental organisations, The South African National Zakah Fund (SANZAF) development projects/programmes have played an important role in the areas of poverty alleviation, skills development, education and disaster relief. In line with the participatory/people-centred theory of community development and conceptual arguments, this study was used to examine the nature of participatory community development at the South African National Zakah Fund (SANZAF) in Cape Town, South Africa. Qualitative research methodology was applied and measurement of the level of community participation was done using a variety of instruments. This study is focused on the SANZAF's community development project in the Manenberg area in the Cape Flats. The analysis involved examining the nature and level of community participation in the project needs, planning, implementation and decision-making phases. Thereafter, the results of the research prompted general observation and provided some recommendations to SANZAF and other FBOs involved. The research findings show that the SANZAF's development projects/programmes have played an important role in terms of community development. They have been developed in response to the needs of local communities and are implemented to mobilise local resources to support the poor and needy. The study also indicated that SANZAF enjoys a strong linkage with local mosques and other development actors at the community level. However, the results of the study also indicated that the level of community participation in planning, decision making and implementation is low in the case study area. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries did not show a clear understanding of aspects such as participation, empowerment and ownership. Finally, a recommendation is made for genuine community participation at the grassroots level as this will contribute to beneficiary's empowerment, capacity building and the core ingredients for selfreliance and project sustainability in community development activities.
Assessing the process of participatory monitoring and evaluation: A case study of the Salesian Institute Youth Project, vocational training in Cape Town South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Chikukwa, Donald; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
The involvement of beneficiaries in monitoring and evaluation processes, not only does it ensure the success of the project’s intended objectives, but it empowers, creates knowledge production while guaranteeing a means to a sustainable livelihood for beneficiaries. The study sought to assess the process of Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation using a case study of the Salesian Institute Youth project, vocational training in Cape Town South Africa. Thus the study set out to conduct an evaluative assessment of stakeholder participation in the process of PM&E; identify the organizational structure of the project team and the parties involved; assess the project intended goals versus the outcomes of the project, and identify the relationship between the process of PM&E and the outcomes of the project. The study employed quantitative and quantitative methods, noting the low response rate a larger sample of 150 questionnaires was evenly distributed across gender and 102 were completed. Ten interviews were conducted across all stakeholders. Data were captured and analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis. The study concludes that the involvement of participants in the process of PM&E is vital to achieving positive projects outcomes. Participants should be made aware of the meaning, purposes of the project as this allows for their comprehension and free will to participate in PM&E processes. Although the outcomes of the project were positive, the study recommends that there is a need for an established scientific PM&E system for the organization that can be implemented in organization projects.
Assessing the role of Development Communication in fostering social change: the case study of Sesotho Media and Development (SM&D)
(2013) Carciotto, Sergio; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
A number of programmes have been implemented in the field of development communication, with the specific aim of promoting social change among communities, and a series of studies have illustrated the positive effects of entertainment-education (EE) interventions on individuals’ behavioural change. These programmes can be applied in a variety of fields, including health, agriculture and sustainable development, and make use of a different range of media such as radio, television and theatre. In line with the theory and conceptual framework of the Integrated Model of Communication for Social Change (IMCSC), this research is intended to explore, empirically, how development communication programmes can foster collective action amongst community members. The research is based on a case study of Sesotho Media & Development (SM&D), a nongovernmental organisation that has been operating in Lesotho, using media to promote social transformation and individual change. For the past 10 years, SM&D has been working in Lesotho using a methodology based on facilitated documentary screening with a specific focus on HIV/Aids-related issues, combined with capacity building programmes aimed at training facilitators among support groups, youth groups and prison inmates around the country. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods of enquiry were employed throughout the research. Common research tools used include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observation. In addition, a variety of secondary sources of information, including evaluation reports, funding proposals and journal articles were reviewed. The results of the study reveal that development communication initiatives are able to foster collective forms of action by increasing the level of efficacy amongst the audience. Conclusions highlight that participatory development communication with an educational aim allows people to identify problems and to strategise and mobilise resources for collective action.
An assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Tewolde, Gebretedek Biruk; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
This study is an assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village,Cape town, South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the process of application of PM&E framework in the SOS Children’s Village Project, with a view to ascertaining its impact on the project and to provide suggestions and recommendations to SOS and NGOs in South Africa. There were four primary objectives of this study:to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework, through the discussion and/or analysis of applicable PM&E theories and concepts; to provide an overview of organizational structure of the project implementation team of SOS; to identify the different stakeholders involved in the monitoring and evaluation process; to empirically assess the process of PM&E in the SOS Project. The theoretical and conceptual framework of participatory development approach and the child rights based approach is used in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research are used throughout the study and measurement of key variables are made. While the systematic random sampling technique is utilised to collect data for the quantitative research, purposive sampling was used to select respondents for semi-structured interviews in the qualitative research. The study identified that the monitoring and evaluation process in SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa is participatory in which the relevant stakeholders, especially the beneficiaries i.e. children participate in the monitoring and evaluation process. However, the study recommended that there should be an updated training and seminar for the staff to empower them to enhance their understanding of participatory monitoring and evaluation
An assessment of the impact of poverty on educational attainment for adolescents: a case study of Mitchells Plain, in Cape Town, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Gardiner, Carlene M.; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
South Africa is unfortunately regarded as one of the most unequal countries in the world. Poverty is rife within the communities and it affects various aspects of individuals’ lives, including education. Education is a fundamental human right, however after twenty-five years as a democratic country, inequalities still exist within the education system of South Africa. Many will argue that these inequalities can be attributed to poverty. Poverty and education have an ongoing love-hate relationship. This is due to the fact that often the key to escaping poverty is through education, however South Africa’s education system is failing the poor. Thus, creating the love-hate relationship between the two and, establishing a poverty trap that is difficult to escape. However, access to education alone cannot break the poverty cycle, an individual requires access to quality education. Accordingly, this research study seeks to investigate the relationship between poverty and educational attainment for high school learners in Mitchells Plain.
Assessment on the effects of village savings and loan associations (VSLA) on poverty reduction in Hawassa, Ethiopia
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Beyene, Nardos Legesse; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Formal microfinance institutions have been an important tool in the fight against poverty in developing countries, but their reach for rural people and urban slum poor are limited. Following this, Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) are established as an alternative, informal mechanism for saving and borrowing that do not require external capital or ongoing financial or administrative support from a founding organization or government bodies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of women participation in VSLA on poverty reduction with a case study in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research methodology, the study tried to focus on examining the effects of VSLAs contribution to economic and social wellbeing of households, and decision makings, and women participation in community activities. The study used 254 samples (127 VSLA participants, and 127 non-participants) and collected data using questionnaire and focus group discussion. The study used propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the impact of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income, and the result indicated the average effect of women participation in VSLA on average monthly household income of participant women is positive and significant at 5% significant level, ranging from 169.63 Birr/month (nearest neighbor matching) to 141.55 Birr/month (Kernel matching), on average. Besides, comparison between participants and non-participants using hypothesis testing shows that women participation in VSLA has a significant positive association with improvements in household diet, health, children’s education, and women’s involvement in household decisions. However, although hypothesized, no significant association is found in relation to women participation in community activities. Findings from the focus group discussions are also consistent with the results from the PSM and hypothesis testing. Following the findings, the study recommends government and nongovernmental organizations to provide regular, timely and need based capacity building trainings for VSLA participants; Link VSLA participants with formal microfinance institutions; conduct regular monitoring and follow ups by either the city or sub-cities Women Children Affairs Department/offices or concerned government body; different concerned stakeholders in the city including government, nongovernmental organizations, microfinance institutions and others need to work in coordinated manner to solve the recurrent challenges of VSLA participants in Hawassa city; and finally government and/or nongovernmental organizations need to take best practices and lessons from existing VSLAs and expand the VSLA initiative to address more impoverished women in the city.
A comparative study of the transaction costs of doing business in formal urban vs informal settlement areas: a case study of microenterprises in Joe Slovo and Maitland, Western Cape, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2014) Mahamed, Mahamed Rage; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
The main objective of this research was to measure and compare the influence of institutions (government laws, rules, regulations) on the transaction cost of establishing microenterprises in informal/township areas and suburbs. The research target area was Maitland (a suburb) and Joe Slovo (a township area). A research framework was developed using the theories of institutions and the TACE. In order to achieve the research objectives, both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. A total research sample of 40 microenterprise owners were selected from these two areas. A random sampling technique was used to select half (twenty) microenterprise traders in Maitland and the other half (twenty) from Joe Slovo. The research also applied non-random sampling technique to select relevant government institutions that regulate microenterprises in these two areas. The research has collected both primary and secondary data. To collect the primary data, face-to-face interviews were held with the shop owners in the two research sites and government (City) officials. A questionnaire containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions was used in collecting the primary data. The secondary data was collected using desktop (internet) search and also physically searching government archives and publications. Descriptive statistics (frequency distributions and graphical representations) of the data were used to analyze and compare the data collected in a meaningful way. The research also used non-parametric independent samples t-test to compare the differences of the transaction costs of establishing microenterprises in Joe Slovo and in Maitland. The data collected was analyzed and compared using SPSS statistical research analysis software. The results show, to establish a microenterprise business, microenterprise owners in both formal and informal areas need to comply with the environmental health laws. In addition to complying with the environmental health laws, microenterprises in formal areas are obliged to comply with the City zoning scheme and seek permission to establish businesses in these areas. The application process for seeking the City zoning approval is cumbersome and subjective. The results show that entrepreneurs in informal/township areas are automatically allowed by the local government to establish microenterprises in these areas and need not comply with the Zoning Scheme. The main findings of the study reveal that microenterprises in formal suburbs face higher TACs in establishing businesses in these areas when compared to those in township areas.
A conceptual framework for effective local integration of refugees in South Africa: case study of the Western Cape province
(University of the Western Cape, 2024) Mpazayabo, Albert; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.; Adeniyi, Daniel A.
Local integration is one of the three durable solutions to refugee situations, besides voluntary repatriation, and resettlement (into a third country of permanent residency), as advocated by UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency. Although South Africa’s refugee legislation is sustained by both International Law and the Constitution of the Republic, the country has been struggling to implement its refugee law successfully. Hence, the present study was intended to understand dynamics of local integration, as on the one hand, refugees endeavour to be incorporated into South African core institutions, in attempt to secure a place within South Africa as their host society, and on the other, as local South African citizens make efforts to accommodate refugees in their midst, within their communities, in the country in general, and in the Western Cape Province in particular.The study examines local integration of refugees (within local host communities)1, in urban settings, in South Africa, and by extension on the African continent. In attempt to capture and reflect daily lived experiences and realities on the ground in the real world of refugees in the Republic, the study expanded the four mainstreamed domains (legal, economic, social, and cultural) for local integration of immigrants, into ten domains for local integration of refugees in South Africa. Through snowball sampling, and self-administered questionnaires, the study surveyed a total sample of 1630 participants, of which 1432 were refugee respondents, 110 were common RSA citizen respondents from local host communities, while 4 respondents were representing non-government organisations (NGOs) working with refugees, then 72 respondents were office-bearers from different South African political organisations (of which Government Officials), and 12 respondents were from different South African media houses.
A critical analysis of participatory community development initiatives: a case study of the small business development department of the Elgin learning foundation in the Overberg Region
(University of the Western Cape, 2011) Mulu, Ngwi Nnam Thecla; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.; Institute for Social Development
Development thinking in the 21st century has embraced the challenge to inform development practice towards managing the relationship between the macro and micro level of development with an emphasis on people-centred development (PCD) and a participatory development approach (PDA). People-centred development advocates a process focused on people, which enables beneficiaries of communitydevelopment initiatives to empower themselves through participation. People-centred development has been universally accepted in the development community as the only viable option, with the potential to reverse decades of top-down approaches to development through the engagement of community stakeholders in a meaningful participation process. The social development scene in South Africa is characterised by a strong presence of the civil society in general and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in particular, which are major role players in socio-economic development at the grassroots. Most of these organisations are committed to participatory development methodologies in order to meet the needs of povertystricken communities in South Africa. This thesis critically assessed participatory development in the Small Business Development Departments (SBDD) programmes/projects at the Elgin Learning Foundation, in the Overberg district of the Western Cape. A qualitative research methodology was applied throughout the study. This research approach was chosen because the purpose of this project was to understand and describe community participation at the SBDD from an insider perspective, and not to predict social action or make generalisations about it. Accordingly, observation, in-depth interviews, documentary analysis, and focus-group discussions were utilised for data collection. The study also used secondary sources of information, namely policy briefs, project proposals, annual evaluation reports, and minutes of meetings. The findings indicate that the community-development activities of the SBDD are very visible in the Overberg region, and that the organisation maintains good relationships with community stakeholders. In addition, the department contributes significantly towards entrepreneurship and skills development in the community, through its training and mentorship programmes. However, results also suggest that community-development at the SBDD is not always people-centred because training programmes are largely externally designed, monitored and evaluated, without taking into consideration the felt needs of the people. Participation that is perceived as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself can be described as tokenistic. In this light, the study recommends that the SBDD develops context-specific strategies to implement participatory methodologies at all stages of project-cycle management, in order to provide an enabling environment for the genuine participation of people at the grassroots. This approach can empower community members and build local institutional capacities to ensure project/programme sustainability in the long term.
A critical analysis of participatory community development initiatives: a case study of the small business development department of the Elgin learning foundation in the Overberg region
(2011) Thecla, Mulu Ngwi Nnam; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Development thinking in the 21st century has embraced the challenge to inform development practice towards managing the relationship between the macro and micro level of development, with an emphasis on people-centred development (PCD) and a participatory development approach (PDA). People-centred development advocates a process focused on people, which enables beneficiaries of communitydevelopment initiatives to empower themselves through participation. People-centred development has been universally accepted in the development community as the only viable option, with the potential to reverse decades of top-down approaches to development through the engagement of community stakeholders in a meaningful participation process. The social development scene in South Africa is characterised by a strong presence of the civil society in general and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in particular, which are major role players in socio-economic development at the grassroots. Most of these organisations are committed to participatory development methodologies in order to meet the needs of povertystricken communities in South Africa.This thesis critically assessed participatory development in the Small Business Development Departments’ (SBDD) programmes/projects at the Elgin Learning Foundation, in the Overberg district of the Western Cape. A qualitative research methodology was applied throughout the study. This research approach was chosen because the purpose of this project was to understand and describe community participation at the SBDD from an insider’s perspective, and not to predict social action or make generalisations about it. Accordingly, observation, in-depth interviews,documentary analysis, and focus-group discussions were utilised for data collection. The study also used secondary sources of information, namely policy briefs, project proposals, annual evaluation reports, and minutes of meetings.The findings indicate that the community-development activities of the SBDD are very visible in the Overberg region, and that the organisation maintains good relationships with community stakeholders. In addition, the department contributes significantly towards entrepreneurship and skills development in the community,through its training and mentorship programmes. However, results also suggest that community-development at the SBDD is not always people-centred because training programmes are largely externally designed, monitored and evaluated, without taking into consideration the felt needs of the people. Participation that is perceived as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself can be described as tokenistic. In this light, the study recommends that the SBDD develops context-specific strategies to implement participatory methodologies at all stages of project-cycle management, in order to provide an enabling environment for the genuine participation of people at the grassroots. This approach can empower community members and build local institutional capacities to ensure project/programme sustainability in the long term.
Efficiency, food security and differentiation in small-scale irrigation agriculture: Evidence from North West Nigeria
(Cogent OA, 2020) Adeniyi, Daniel Adeoluwa; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Ambiguity over the effectiveness of agricultural intervention is more pronounced in rural areas where the majority of North West Nigeria’s poor population, and those involved in agriculture, reside. Further characterising these areas is the paucity of research on the issue of differentiation within the smallholder community. Specifically, definite classification of households based on efficiency, food security and income status remains inadequate. The study explores smallholder households’ differentials on the basis of these three phenomena, and other factors that affect smallholder typologies. Data was collected from 306 randomly selected smallholders involved in the Middle Rima Valley Irrigation Project, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Smallholders’ technical efficiency and households’ Food Consumption Score (FCS) were assessed. Also, Pearson correlation analysis, a segmentation approach using cluster analysis and multinomial regression model were used for the study. The study showed that the mean efficiency level of smallholder farms was 85.9% and that the majority of the households were food insecure.
Evaluating outcomes from stakeholders’ perception: Evidence from an irrigation project in Nigeria
(University for Development Studies, Ghana, 2016) Adeniyi, Daniel Adeoluwa; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
The need for the appreciation of values and knowledge diversity has contributed to the increasing relevance of stakeholder participation in the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of development projects. Using mixed methods research design and indicators, this paper assesses the outcomes of the participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) process of the Tada Shonga Irrigation Project, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 103 respondents were randomly selected for questionnaire administration, and 5 respondents interviewed for the study. An Outcome Perception Index (OPI) was developed to assess stakeholders’ perception of the extent to which the project had met its objectives. The study found out that the project’s PME process was deficient, and the outcomes of the project and its PME process had been a mixed bag. The study further established a significant relationship between the deficient PME process of the project and project outcomes, although the relationship is indicative, rather than proof of a possible causal relationship. This was corroborated by the qualitative analysis which highlighted other critical factors affecting project outcomes. The study concluded that stringent M&E framework must be imbued in government policies to ensure success and sustainability of projects and programmes.
Exploring the link between youth migration and food security : a case study of Zimbabwean youths in Cape Town, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Sithole, Sean Thulani; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
In recent times, debates on the connection between migration and development surfaced as essential discourses in contemporary development issues. Consequently, this led to the birth of what is currently popularly acknowledged or coined as the migration-development nexus. In addition, there has been an evolution of the food security topic in various developmental discussions. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to the relationship between international migration and food security in the context of development. Moreover, missing in the literature is the conversation on migration and food security with particular attention to youths who constitute a vulnerable yet economically active group. Furthermore, there has been an ongoing engaging debate on the impact of remittances, on one side macro-economists argue that remittances are important for the economies of migrant sending and receiving countries and view the use of remittances at the household level as destruction to growth and development. On the other, microeconomists are skeptical about the naïve view of the macroeconomists; on the contrary, they argue that the use of remittances at the household level is very vital for the livelihood of the poor and vulnerable societies. This thesis empirically investigated the link between youth migration and food security in the setting of Zimbabwean youths in Cape Town, South Africa, in the perspective of south-south migration, the New Economics of Labour Migration and Livelihood Approaches, consequently introducing what the researcher identifies as the youth migration-food security nexus. The thesis focused on three key themes: 1) reasons for youth migration in connection to food security 2) the importance of remittances on food security in the place of origin 3) levels of food insecurity of Zimbabwean youths in Cape Town. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research approach was applied in this study, where STATA version 12 statistical software was used for quantitative data analysis. The findings of this thesis reveal that there is an assenting link between youth migration and food security. Firstly, results point out that food insecurity or food shortage is one of the main causes of youth migration. Secondly, migration decision making is a collective and cooperative livelihood strategy used by many households or families. Thirdly, remittances from youths are vital for the livelihood of the people left in the place of origin and are primarily sent and used for food consumption. Lastly, although food security levels were still low there was an improvement of food security for youth migrants in Cape Town. Moreover, this research recognized a number of challenges that face migrant youths in their need for food security, which include (a) lack of reliable income to buy food, (b) poor utilization of food or consumption of unbalanced diet, and (c) limited research on migration and food security issues. In contextualizing these challenges, the study concludes with remarks and recommendations for policy makers, governments and nongovernmental establishments among other organizations.
The extent of public participation in the formulation of the IDP: The case of Beaufort West.
(University of Western Cape, 2020) Dyum, Thami; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
This study analyses public participation in the formulation of the Integrated Development Planning in the Beaufort West Municipality. The aim of the study is to examine the nature and extent of public involvement in the formulation of the IDP document through the lens of legislative mandatory processes and public views. It looked at the extent to which the public’s view was considered and also focused on the quality of this engagement with citizens.
The impact of social enterprise on labor market structure: A case study of social enterprises in Nairobi
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Mwaniki, Joy Muthanje; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
Social entrepreneurship has spread worldwide, as social entrepreneurs seek the solutions to developmental challenges. This is especially true in Nairobi, Kenya, as social entrepreneurship has established itself in the labor market. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of social enterprises in African countries, especially with regards to the labor market. It is for this reason that this study aims at highlighting the impact of social enterprises on the labor market in Nairobi, Kenya. It also provides an outline of the labor market structure in Nairobi. The study employed a mixed methods approach, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, collected concurrently as part of a concurrent triangulation design. Five social enterprises located in Nairobi were involved in the study, and were chosen through snowball sampling. These social enterprises offered direct employment, training programmes or support for beneficiaries to start their own businesses. The research instruments used in this study were as follows; 10 interviews (5 interviews with beneficiaries and 5 with social entrepreneurs), 50 questionnaires distributed to beneficiaries through random sampling, field work observations and a literature review. The results of this study were that social enterprises in Nairobi have a significant impact on the livelihoods of beneficiaries by directly employing them, providing necessary skills for later employment or supporting them to start their own businesses. However, these increases in income are often either inadequate or inconsistent as most beneficiaries are forced to diversify their livelihoods. Social enterprises also fail to reduce the gender wage gap among their beneficiaries. Social enterprises also increase market access among their beneficiaries by providing them with advice and training, as well as, direct access to customers. In the same vein, they increase the level of training of beneficiaries. This helps beneficiaries improve their relations with customers, produce high quality goods, hone their skills, gain employment, gain experience, build a repertoire, earn profits and start businesses. The subject of training also affects the income levels of beneficiaries, as many of those who study entrepreneurship, quality training and customer service earn above minimum wage. Additionally, social enterprises impact formalization among their beneficiaries. However, once beneficiaries leave, they often return to the informal sector. Therefore, the impact on formalization is only significant while beneficiaries are participating in the social enterprise. Social enterprises also influence the attitudes of beneficiaries, creating a more positive outlook on their contribution to the labor market. Likewise, social enterprises shift perceptions about formal qualifications as beneficiaries feel that they can still secure employment by showing their level of experience or body of work. Lastly, social enterprises have limited impact on fair trade ideals as majority of the social enterprises in Nairobi are not knowledgeable about fair trade, and therefore do not aim towards it. For those that do adopt the fair trade model, it is unclear if they have influenced their beneficiaries to actually believe in these ideals or just simply require them to comply with fair trade regulations. In conclusion, the study determined that social enterprises do have significant impact in the labor market structure, increasing livelihoods, improving educational qualifications, and influencing formalization and attitudinal structures in Nairobi. However, social enterprises must also focus on improving their impact with regards to strengthening livelihoods, especially among their female beneficiaries and creating permanent change in formalization among their beneficiaries even after they leave the enterprise. Likewise, social enterprises should consider the importance of fair trade ideals in their daily practice, and the value of imparting these to their beneficiaries.
International migration and social welfare policies: Assessing the effect of government grants on the livelihoods of migrants in Cape Town, South Africa
(University of Western Cape, 2021) Nzabamwita, Jonas; Dinbabo, Mulugeta F.
South Africa is paradoxically an interesting case study. On the one hand, it is characterised by widespread and persistent poverty and extra-ordinary levels of unemployment. On the other hand, South Africa is quintessentially a migration destination country, ranking among countries with the highest number of migrants from other African countries. While it currently hosts more than three million international migrants, which represents approximately 4.2% of the country’s entire population, nearly half of the South African black population live in poverty and grapple with income inequality, unemployment, food insecurity and hunger. Much like their South African counterparts, international migrants are not immune to the conundrum of poverty. Added to the poverty-related social challenges that confront the natives of South Africa, foreign nationals in South Africa endure the migration-specific risks, shocks, hardships, deprivation and vulnerabilities.

Browsing by Author "Dinbabo, Mulugeta F."

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