Browsing by Author "Bouchard, Jean-Pierre"
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Item Boys or girls? Sex preferences declared in African and South-Asian demographic surveys(Elsevier, 2023) Garenne, Michel; Stiegler, Nancy; Bouchard, Jean-PierreIn this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, demographers Michel Garenne and Nancy Stiegler explore sex-preferences for girls or for boys expressed by women who responded to DHS surveys in 29 African and 10 Asian countries. The IPUMS/DHS database was used for statistical analysis, bringing together 140 surveys and 2.5 million women aged 15–49. Overall, two-thirds of women were in favor of a balanced number of girls and boys or were indifferent to the composition of the family. In 20.8% of cases, they preferred to have more boys, and in 12.6% of cases they preferred to have more girls. These proportions vary considerably between countries, and were influenced by local culture, religion, level of education, household wealth, and to a small extent by urban residence. Sex preferences were also influenced by family composition. These preferences are likely to change rapidly over time. Among the countries analyzed, eight expressed preferences for more girls, all located in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in southern Africa. These preferences could have many consequences, demographic, psychological and social.Item Clinical condition, Resuscitation and Medical-Psychological Care of Severe COVID-19 patients (part 2)(Elsivier, 2022) Maoz, Zeev; Huet, Isabelle; Sudres, Jean-Luc; Bouchard, Jean-PierreRespiratory rehabilitation is the penultimate step in the medical management of patients with severe COPD-19. It is an essential step before patients’ returning home, and is usually carried out in specialised Follow-up and Rehabilitation Clinics. When discharged from hospital, patients with post-severe COVID-19 usually progress in their medical condition. However, they may remain frail and have a constant fear of possible deterioration leading to (re)hospitalisation and a return to baseline. Psychological support in this phase can reduce patients’ anxiety and increase their motivation to carry out daily rehabilitation activities. This support provides a stable and consistent basis for patients to focus on their progress, leaving the difficulties behind. Being aware of the improvements in their physical condition allows them to maintain their motivation to continue to be physically active. Psychological support during respiratory rehabilitation aims at preparing patients to return to the normal life they had before the disease. It is usually based on brief psychotherapies that focus on strengthening the patient’s abilities through behavioural changes and through reducing risk behaviours. Only after this phase is it sometimes possible to deal with complex issues and to cope with personality mechanisms and maladaptive behaviour patterns.Item Clinical condition, resuscitation and medical-psychological care of severe COVID-19 patients(part 1)(Elsevier, 2021) Maoz, Zeev; Huet, Isabelle; Sudres, Jean-Luc; Bouchard, Jean-PierreThis interview covers the clinical and psychological condition of patients afflicted with severe COVID-19 and their pulmonary rehabilitation process. For these patients, symptoms are medically urgent and lifethreatening. The sequelae of this viral attack and immune response to it are significant, and often persist for months after discharge from intensive care. To understand the medical and psychological state of these patients, a description is given of the organs affected, the oxygen cycle in the body and the medical care procedures that are used to help patients with dysfunctional respiratory systems. The link between physical and psychological progress is described. Physical weakness results from pulmonary sequelae and deconditioning, and is often experienced by patients as mental fatigue similar to psychological depression. This may draw the patient into a downward spiral, with multiple health aspects deteriorating, independently of the resolution of initial problems. Conversely, a positive physical or psychological evolution may lead to the evolution of the other. Thus, reversing the negative trend for just one system component can delay, completely arrest the spiralling down, or transform it into an upward spiral, improving the patient’s condition. In addition, for people undergoing severe COVID-19, the return to normal life could be destabilizing and memories that arise from their crisis state may trigger PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Health and psychosocial professionals hold an important role both in post-hospital care and in secondary prevention, i.e. prevention of relapse and re-hospitalization. Physical rehabilitation work must take these psychological factors into account, in the same way that any psychological follow-up is supposed to consider physiological factors.Item Facing your fear of Covid-19: Resilience as a protective factor against burnout in South African teachers(Elsevier, 2022) Padmanabhanunni, Anita; Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Bouchard, Jean-PierreFrontline workers have been distinctively impacted by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, as frontline employees in the educational system, had to contend with unprecedented changes to their work role, as well as new job demands coupled with insufficient resources and the effects of the pandemic on their personal lives. While some teachers struggled to cope and reported intense levels of fear of COVID-19 and burnout, others were able to adapt and experienced a sense of growth and accomplishment. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the role of resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among South African schoolteachers using a survey design.Item Global warming and psychotraumatology of natural disasters: the case of the deadly rains and floods of April 2022 in South Africa(Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 2023) Bouchard, Jean-Pierre; Pretorius, Tyrone B; Kramers-Olen, Anne LClimate change and global warming have led to an increased incidence of flooding across the world. Against the backdrop of the recent devastating floods in the Kwazulu-Natal province of South Africa, this paper explores psychotraumatology of natural disasters. In particular, we explore the impact of internal migration in South Africa, as well as apartheid spatial planning and inequality on the consequences of the flooding. We also focus on the psychotraumatology resulting from flooding, in general, and in particular on the victims of the flooding in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. We conclude that the psychopathological consequences of such natural disasters are ignored even though they seriously affect the people concerned. The development of specific trainings for psychologists in psychotraumatology and the care of victims should be a priority in the future.Item Psychotraumatology of the war in Ukraine: The question of the psychological care of victims who are refugees or who remain in Ukraine(Elsevier Masson, 2023) Stiegler, Nancy; Padmanabhanunni, Anita; Pretorius, Tyrone B; Bouchard, Jean-PierreThe war in Ukraine is a major poly-traumatic event, which leads to massive population displacements. The question of the evaluation and psychological care of psychotraumatized people is an urgent matter. As many countries hosting refugees are well endowed with a good number of psychologists, some of these interested professionals should mobilize themselves and make themselves known to carry out these clinical acts. Priority should be given to trained and experienced psychologists to support victims.Item A serial model of the interrelationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress among teachers in South Africa(Elsevier, 2021) Padmanabhanunni, Anita; Pretorius, Tyrone B; Stiegler, Nancy; Bouchard, Jean-PierreThe current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among schoolteachers. Participants were South African school teachers (N = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population.Item Sport psychology: A psychologist at the Olympic Games (part II)(Elsevier, 2021-10-26) Pare, Maroussia; Bouchard, Jean-PierreAccess to high level sport goes hand in hand with athlete’s personal history. The literature reports two types of access: heirs and non-heirs. Heirs are athletes who have inherited the sporting background of their family and non-heirs are those who have been inspired or even encouraged by a significant adult. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Maroussia Pare ́ , top athlete in athletics and psychologist, discusses her encounter with athletics and her access to high-level sport. Between early naivety, adolescence, fears and exploits, it shows how the other side is not always what one can imagine and that passion can be severely tested. Emotional experiences, as well as the cognitive demands inherent in the practice, constitute a real object of attention for psychologists who support athletes.Item Trauma and PTSD in prisons and corrections(Elsevier, 2023) Fovet, Thomas; Villa, Clément; Bouchard, Jean-PierrePost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and particularly complex PTSD, is over-represented in prisons and corrections. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Thomas Fovet, Cle ́ ment Villa, Bettina Belet, Fanny Carton, Timothe ́ e Bauer, Suzanne Buyle-Bodin and Fabien D’Hondt draw on their clinical experience and recent epidemiological research to provide an overview of the issue. The clinical aspects specifically found in the prison environment, especially the questions of comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders or PTSD in perpetrators of violent crime, are developed. The current state of knowledge regarding the management of post-traumatic symptoms in prison is also discussed and put into perspective with daily practice.Item Tri-infection: Tuberculosis, HIV, COVID-19 and the already strained South African health system(Elsevier, 2021) Matatiele, Motladi; Stiegler, Nancy; Bouchard, Jean-PierreThe 30th of May 2021 marks the latest significant national address, where President Cyril Ramaphosa moves the country back into level two lockdown with the hopes of curving the new COVID-19 surge while guarding an improving economy. The potential third wave comes two months after, the annual commemoration of Dr Koch’s March 24th, 1882, Tuberculosis (TB) discovery. March 2021 also marked a year since South Africa (SA) received its first COVID-19 case. An already strained SA public health system could not bear the weight of a third epidemic. This was apparent in a World Health Organization (WHO) report, indicating that SA’s access to TB and preventative treatment has plunged by more than 50% between March and June 2020 (World Health Or-ganization, 2020). Unfortunately, undoing all the work that healthcare programs had put-in to meet the ‘90-90-90’ targets stipulated in the Global plan to end TB. These outcomes are particularly concerning for a nation that continues to present with an unsatisfactory healthcare sys-tem. The SA healthcare system was already overburdened and under-staffed before COVID-19, serving over 80% of the population who are likely non-white and under privileged.Item “VigilanS-Prison”: a brief contact intervention to prevent suicidal behavior in prisons and corrections(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2025) Bouchard, Jean-Pierre; Mao, Élodie; Fovet, ThomasIn France, suicide accounts for around half of all deaths in prisons. Every year, around 120 people die by suicide in French prisons, i.e. one suicide every three days. Preventing suicide in prisons is therefore a major public health issue. In this interview With Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Élodie Mao, Thomas Fovet, Christel Debien, Guillaume Vaiva, Christophe Debien and Vincent Jardon provide feedback on the implementation of the VigilanS-Prison system in Hauts-de-France. The main principles of this brief contact intervention are presented, an initial activity report is given and the development prospects for this experiment are discussedItem What are psychiatric disorders of people who are incarcerated in France(Elsevier, 2022) Bouchard, Jean-PierreThe presence of detainees suffering from psychiatric disorders has been observed since the birth of the modern prison system, and the numbers have fluctuated since then, depending on the evolution of psychiatric facilities and the French legislative framework. As of January 1, 2022, almost 70,000 people were incarcerated in the 187 French correctional institutions in metropolitan and overseas France. Many psychiatric disorders are over-represented in the correctional population compared to the general population, and they include disorders such as depressive, psychotic, bipolar, post-traumatic stress, and substance abuse disorders together with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Thomas Fovet and Marion Eck discuss this phenomenon based on recent epidemiological data and their personal experience. Some specific clinical aspects of psychiatry in the correctional environment are also discussed.