Browsing by Author "Aucamp, Marique Elizabeth"

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    The formulation of a microsphere based fixed dose combination for oral antiretroviral delivery
    (University of the Western Cape, 2023) Omoteso, Omobolanle Ayoyinka; Aucamp, Marique Elizabeth
    The cost of providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a significant economic burden on African countries due to poverty and a lack of resources. To reduce the economic burden of HIV infection, a formulation scientist must use the limited resources available in Africa to develop drug dosage forms of antiretrovirals (ARVs) that are cost-effective, adaptable, and accessible, as well as result in successful therapeutic outcomes of HIV/AIDS treatment, raise the average life expectancies of HIV-positive adults, and increase the availability of the limited resources for other purposes. According to the literature, lamivudine (3TC) is still used in firstline HIV treatment regimens, and several 3TC-based fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are on the market. These FDCs are typically relatively large and require patients to take medication daily. As a result, patients will accept a flexible dosage form that can be ingested once and provides adequate therapeutic efficacy for more than 24 hours, thereby increasing treatment adherence, decreasing drug resistance, and improving therapeutic efficacy. Formulation scientists must create dosage forms that provide better patient treatment and patient experience, focusing on patientcentred medicine development. Hence, this study focused on 3TC and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which are still among the cornerstones of many HIV treatment regimens.
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    Mechanochemical synthesis and physicochemical characterization of isoniazid and pyrazinamide co-crystals with Glutaric acid
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Ngilirabanga, Jean Baptiste; Aucamp, Marique Elizabeth; Samsodien, Halima
    The present work reports two novel pharmaceutical co-crystals; 2:1 isoniazid-glutaric acid (INHGA) and 2:1 pyrazinamide-glutaric acid (PGA). Isoniazid and pyrazinamide are key first-line drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis. The co-crystals were produced via solid-state and solvent assisted grinding methods. Thermal characteristics of the samples were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. The morphology of the powder samples by scanning electron microscopy, structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-rays diffraction ensured co-crystal formation. Thermal analyses confirmed the co-crystals with new melting transitions ranging between their respective starting materials. Unique morphologies of the co-crystal particles were clear in SEM micrographs. The formation of intermolecular interactions with the co-crystal former was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral band shifting and was supported by distinct PXRD patterns of co-crystals thereby authenticating the successful co-crystal formation. In vitro solubility evaluation of the synthesized co-crystals by HPLC suggested a remarkable increase in solubility of both INH and PZA in their respective co-crystals.
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    Taste-masking of efavirenz through microencapsulation
    (University of the Western Cape, 2021) Nel, Marise; Aucamp, Marique Elizabeth
    It is a well-known fact that a significant gap exists in the development of child-friendly dosage forms, detrimentally affecting paediatric patient compliance, especially in the treatment of debilitating diseases such as human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although not recommended as first-line treatment, efavirenz (EFV) still forms part of the South African Department of Health’s treatment regimen for HIV-infected children. EFV is however an extremely bitter-tasting drug, known to cause “burning-mouth” syndrome and therefore paediatric patient compliance related to EFV dosage forms has generally proven low partly due to poor palatability. A multitude of taste-masking strategies may be applied in an effort to alleviate this factor. One of these strategies, which is well-known and more widely applied in food sciences than in pharmaceutical sciences, is that of compound microencapsulation through spray-drying and ionic gelation. In this study the potential of utilizing EFV-loaded microcapsules obtained via spray-drying and EFV-loaded calcium-alginate beads obtained via ionic gelation as possible taste-masking strategies were investigated.