Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science (SRES)

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Development of mental skills training programmes for competitive collegiate netball players in Zimbabwe
(University of Western Cape, 2021) Gondo, Thembelihle; Andrews, Barry
Mental skills are critical to the development of a positive mind-set in the athlete in order to develop the ability to concentrate more, focus attention, manage arousal, develop self-esteem and thereby enhance self-confidence in competitive sport. This study was an exploratory study to investigate how well Zimbabwean inter-collegiate athletes were prepared mentally and how this was handled during their participation in inter-collegiate games. The study focused specifically on just one group of athletes, netballers.
The effect of a motor skills exercise programme on quality of life and motor skills development in hard of hearing children in Grade R to Grade 2
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Johnson, Deidre; Bassett, Susan H.; Andrews, Barry
Background: Hearing loss in children can contribute to a loss or delay in motor skills development and has been shown to negatively affect their participation in physical activity. Lack of physical activity may then further delay motor and balance skill development and therefore impact on their health-related quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on motor control abilities in hard of hearing children in Grade R to Grade 3 in Cape Town, and on the parent’s perceptions of their child’s health-related quality of life.
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on hamstring prehabilitation
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Valadao, Jaime Andre; Andrews, Barry
BACKGROUND: Hamstring injuries remain a growing concern within a large variety of sports from the elite athlete to the weekend warrior. A copious amount of research has been performed in an attempt to reduce these injuries. The aim of this study was to understand the changes in lengthened state eccentric strength of the hamstrings following four separate protocols. METHODS: A quantitative research approach, using a true experimental design, was adopted for this study. A convenience sample of non-sedentary, 35 male participants, between the ages of 18 and 35 within the City of Cape Town was used. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups namely; Control group (C), resistance training alone (RT), neuromuscular electrical stimulation alone (NMES), or NMES superimposed with RT (NMES&RT). Participant’s eccentric hamstring strength was tested in a lengthened state, on the Biodex system 4 Pro™ for the pre- and post-test. The intervention spanned over four weeks. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated a mean increase in relative peak torque. However, a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no interaction effect (p = 0.411) between the four groups. Further analysis using Magnitude-based inferences (MBI), to identify the magnitude of changes, showed a small positive effect for both the NMES and NMES&RT group when compared to the C and RT groups. CONCLUSION: Although there are no statistically significant differences between the four groups employed in this study (C, RT, NMES, NMES&RT), NMES and NMES&RT did show small positive effects compared to C and RT with a very low likelihood of negative effects. Thus, using NMES either alone or superimposed with resistance training will be beneficial for trained athletes but it is not a necessity and the use of specific resistance training may be just as effective.
An explorative study of the knowledge and use of mental skills training (mst) by coaches of Western Cape youth provincial sports
(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Van Der Westhuizen, Gabi-Lee; Andrews, Barry
Mental skills training (MST) is an essential tool used to enhance sports performance to its optimal level. It is globally recommended by Sports Scientist, Sports Psychologist, coaches and even athletes. MST improves the mind-set of the athlete to develop the ability to concentrate more, increase motivation, manage anxiety, develop self-confidence and thereby enhance performance in competitive sport. Though MST is highly beneficial, it is also highly underused by coaches, whom widely misjudge poor performance as physical flaws and not a lack of mental skills. Coaches generally lack the knowledge of MST, but perceive its importance for performance rating it as beneficial to athletic growth.
The identification of batting trends through a comparative analysis in Twenty20 cricket between Varsity Cup winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club from its origin in 2015 – 2017
(University of the Western Cape, 2020) Ramoo, Romano Jude; Andrews, Barry; Achmat, Ghaleelullah
Over the years cricket has developed from a traditional and conservative game into an extremely lucrative sport, which requires a great deal of professionalism in all surrounding areas. In recent years cricket has evolved and resulted in the emergence of Twenty20 cricket. The aim of this study focused on identifying batting trends through a comparative analysis between Varisty Cup winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club between the age group of 18 – 25. The study used a quantitative research approach with a content analysis methodology research design. Nine key batting variables were analysed in three phases of a cricket match (Powerplay, Middle overs and Death overs) between winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club to establish the magnitude of differences (Cohen’s effect size). The top indicators for success in the tournament were averaging a higher number of boundary fours, accumulating a higher number of single runs throughout the match, averaging a high number of sixes during the Middle and Death Overs of a batting innings and accumulating two’s throughout all three phases of a match. The overall summary of this study’s results navigates to a batting strategy that should focus on batting trends by maintaining a higher batting run rate, target to scoring more boundary fours and sixes, good running between the wickets to accumulate two’s, select batsmen with a low dismissal rate and select batsmen with a high single scoring rate [equates to better strike rotation].
The identification of batting trends through a comparative analysis in Twenty20 cricket between Varsity Cup winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club from its origin in 2015 – 2017
(University of the Western Cape, 2020) Ramoo, Romano; Andrews, Barry
Over the years cricket has developed from a traditional and conservative game into an extremely lucrative sport, which requires a great deal of professionalism in all surrounding areas. In recent years cricket has evolved and resulted in the emergence of Twenty20 cricket. The aim of this study focused on identifying batting trends through a comparative analysis between Varisty Cup winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club between the age group of 18 – 25. The study used a quantitative research approach with a content analysis methodology research design. Nine key batting variables were analysed in three phases of a cricket match (Powerplay, Middle overs and Death overs) between winning teams and the University of the Western Cape Cricket Club to establish the magnitude of differences (Cohen’s effect size). The top indicators for success in the tournament were averaging a higher number of boundary fours, accumulating a higher number of single runs throughout the match, averaging a high number of sixes during the Middle and Death Overs of a batting innings and accumulating two’s throughout all three phases of a match. The overall summary of this study’s results navigates to a batting strategy that should focus on batting trends by maintaining a higher batting run rate, target to scoring more boundary fours and sixes, good running between the wickets to accumulate two’s, select batsmen with a low dismissal rate and select batsmen with a high single scoring rate [equates to better strike rotation].
Performance of three start techniques off the OSB11 starting block over 15M
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Reagon, lynne Veronique; Andrews, Barry; Achmat, Ghaleelullah
Background: In swimming, a swimmer’s performance is mostly determined by the time spent on starts, stroking and turning. The start of a swimming races, especially sprint races, can account for almost a quarter of race time. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the biomechanics and performance of three start techniques off the OSB11 starting platform over 15-meters to determine which of the three is most effective when looking at the three parts that constitute the start: block time, flight time and underwater time. Methods: A Quasi-experimental cross over trial-based study design was used to determine which of three starting techniques (Grab, Track & Kick) was the most effective off the OSB11 starting block. Ten Swimmers who qualified for junior nationals from Vineyard Swimming Club participated in the study. Each participant acted as their own control and were required to perform each start once. All trials were filmed and analysed on Dartfish pro suite 10. The following variables were analysed: shoulder angle, hip angle, knee angle, reaction time, movement time, total block time, flight distance, flight time, flight velocity, entry angle, underwater time, underwater distance, time to 15-meters.
Performance of three start techniques off the osb11 starting block over 15m
(University of Western Cape, 2019) REAGON, Lynne Veronique; Andrews, Barry; Achmat, Ghaleelullah
In swimming, a swimmer’s performance is mostly determined by the time spent on starts, stroking and turning. The start of a swimming races, especially sprint races, can account for almost a quarter of race time
Physical activity and non-communicable disease risk factors: knowledge and perceptions of youth in a low resourced community in the Western Cape
(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Rampou, Mpai Tshidisegang Tshwaro; Andrews, Barry
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the rising cause of mortality globally. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption are common NCDs risk factors contributing to premature death, related to NCDs worldwide. Youth’s lack of knowledge and misconception on physical activity (PA) and NCDs risk factors, aids the growing burden of NCDs globally. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge and perception of youth in a low-resourced community in the Western Cape Province. A qualitative methodological approach was adopted for data collection, using a qualitative exploratory study design. Convenience sampling was used to select the female youth participants, aged 18-35 years old from, Vrygrond in the Western Cape Province. Focus group discussions were steered by means of a semi-structured interview plan to guide the discussion about perceptions and knowledge of PA and NCDs risks factor. Trustworthiness was used to review information and to assess accuracy of findings. The discussions were analysed using Atlas.Ti8. Results indicated that the female youth were reasonably knowledgeable about the term PA. However, they lacked sufficient knowledge with regards to NCDs, indicating that participants are uninformed about NCDs and their risk factors in their community and local healthcare centres. Female youth’s socio-economic environment had an influence impact on their perceptions and decisions made with regards to PA and preventing them from engaging in NCDs risk factors. Furthermore, there were various barriers hindering the female youth from participating in PA and preventing them from engaging in NCDs risk factors. Results of this study will inform policy at the provincial, and national level, to provide cost effective and sustainable educative intervention programmes that address the youth misconception on physical activity and NCDs risks factor. Creation of awareness can positively influence beliefs and promote healthier practices, therefore making it crucial to understand NCDs risks factor implications on health, in lieu to combating the onset of NCDs.
Psychological effects of sport massage therapy
(University of the Western Cape, 2023) Schilz, Mignon; Andrews, Barry
Sport massage therapy has been understood to have a positive effect on anxiety levels. It has been reported that sport massage therapy psychologically reduces stress levels, decreases nervous system tension and anxiety, as well as improves concentration during and after performances. Researchers tends to agree with these reports and have found that in the psychological area it has indicated that sports massage therapy does have a positive effect on anxiety levels. Research indicates that after receiving a sports massage the parasympathetic activity and the hormonal levels resulted in a relaxation response of the body's physiological mechanism.
The psychological effects of the athlete-coach relationship on performance: The lived experiences of female university athletes
(University of the Western Cape, 2018) Vollenhoven, Tarryn; Andrews, Barry; Titus, Simone
Coaches have been found to have a remarkable influence on the physical and psychological development on their athletes and that their main responsibility is to help their athletes perform at their maximum level and reach goals that they could not attain on their own. Coaches are responsible for developing athletes’ mental, physical, technical, and tactical abilities, and in addition to all of these responsibilities, they are also expected to win. The coach-athlete relationship can thus be regarded as the conveying of technical skills and mentoring from coach to athlete. Despite the responsibilities of a coach, the athlete-coach relationship is fundamental in the process of coaching because its nature is likely to determine the athlete’s satisfaction, self-esteem and performance accomplishments. The aim of this study was to investigate female university track and field athletes’ lived experiences within the athlete-coach relationship to gather psychological effects relating to performance. The objectives were to explore the lived experiences of female university athletes within the athlete-coach relationship, investigate the psychological effects, and explore the impact it has on performance within the athlete-coach relationship. The researcher adopted the qualitative research method approach using the phenomenology design to explore and obtain a better understanding into the psychological effects of the athlete-coach relationship on an athletes’ performance. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. Following the interviews, all data was analyzed using the 3+1C’s conceptualized model as the theoretical framework. This model was used as it defines the coach-athlete relationship as a situation in which coaches and athletes’ closeness, commitment, and complementarity are co-orientated. The 3+1C’s model explored the athlete-coach relationship from the athlete’s perspective which elicited positive and negative psychological and performance effects within the athlete-coach dyad. The research findings of this thesis it can be concluded that the behaviours of coaches have an influence on female athletes’ psychological state as well as performance; and found that when coaches and athletes work together to achieve goals the relationship is more likely to be successful and the athlete is more likely to achieve goals. Furthermore it was concluded that affective emotional feelings of female University athletes are important in developing an effective athlete-coach relationship and facilitating positive psychological effects.
The effect of a four-week, web-based visual skills training program on attention, timing and eye-hand coordination in 13 to 15-year-old adolescents
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Janse van Rensburg, Anelma; Andrews, Barry
There is a rising concern that more and more children struggle to pay attention and to concentrate in school. The ability to concentrate on a task, switching attention between different tasks and inhibiting impulsive responses is very important in developing cognitive control. This lack of attention can negatively influence school performance, motor skills development, the acquisition of sport skills and eventually sport performance. Visual skills are needed for daily activities such as reading and writing and this assists in the ability to attend to these tasks. This study aims to determine whether a web-based, computerized visual skills training program has an influence on cognitive skills such as continuous attention, timing, as well as proactive and reactive eye-hand coordination skills. Forty-two adolescents (aged 13 - 15 years) participated in this study. The adolescents were divided into an experimental group (n = 23) and a controlled group (n = 19). Preand post-cognitive sustained attention and timing tests, as well as eye-hand including proactive and reactive coordination tests were conducted.

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