Research Articles (Statistics & Population Studies)

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Browsing by Author "Adegboye, Oyelola A."

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    Causes and patterns of morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan: Joint estimation of multiple causes in the neonatal period
    (Springer, 2014) Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Kotze, Danelle
    This paper focuses on investigating the leading cause(s) of death and preventable factors in Afghanistan, using data from verbal autopsies of infant deaths. We are of the view that the presence of a disease in a person may increase the risk of another disease that may contribute to the death process. The influence of individual- and community-level variables on infant morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan is examined. The results of this study suggest the existence of multiple causes of death in the Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS). In Afghanistan, complications of pregnancy are clearly a problem and must be adequately improved.
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    Epidemiological analysis of spatially misaligned data: a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak in Nigeria
    (Cambridge University Press, 2013) Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Kotze, Danelle
    This research is focused on the epidemiological analysis of the transmission of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus outbreak in Nigeria. The data included 145 outbreaks together with the locations of the infected farms and the date of confirmation of infection. In order to investigate the environmental conditions that favoured the transmission and spread of the virus, weather stations were realigned with the locations of the infected farms. The spatial Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for complete spatial randomness rejects the null hypothesis of constant intensity (P < 0·0001). Preliminary exploratory analysis showed an increase in the incidence of H5N1 virus at farms located at high altitude. Results from the Poisson log-linear conditional intensity function identified temperature (−0·9601) and wind speed (0·6239) as the ecological factors that influence the intensity of transmission of the H5N1 virus. The model also includes distance from the first outbreak (−0·9175) with an Akaike’s Information Criterion of −103·87. Our analysis using a point process model showed that geographical heterogeneity, seasonal effects, temperature, wind as well as proximity to the first outbreak are very important components of spread and transmission of HPAI H5N1.
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    An exploratory look at associated factors of poverty on educational attainment in Africa and in-depth multilevel modelling for Namibia.
    (BER, 2013) Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Kotze, Danelle
    This study examines several indicator variables related to education and poverty in Africa from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Many have described income and education as one of the fundamental determinants of health and as one of the indicators for socio-economic status. Firstly, data from thirty-six African countries were explored, geographical heterogeneity of the countries were discussed. Secondly, we carried out in-depth multi-level analyses using generating estimating equations on data for 72,230 respondents and from 5,436 households in the Namibia DHS (1992-2006). Results from statistical analyses indicate that age of household head, socioeconomic status of household, parent's level of education, family size and position of a child in the family play a significant role in the educational attainment of household members. We found that these household level characteristics are important predictors of educational attainment. Thus, government policy aimed at reducing household level poverty should be implemented to alleviate the economic power at household level thereby increasing educational attainment
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    Multi-year trend analysis of childhood immunization uptake and coverage in Nigeria
    (Cambridge University Press, 2013) Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Kotze, Danelle; Adegboye, Olasunkanmi A.
    As a leading indicator of child health, under-five mortality was incorporated in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals with the aim of reducing the rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Under-five mortality in Nigeria is alarmingly high, and many of the diseases that result in mortality are vaccine preventable. This study evaluates the uptake of childhood immunization in Nigeria from 1990 to 2008. A multi-year trend analysis was carried out using Alternating Logistic Regression on 46,130 children nested within 17,380 mothers in 1938 communities from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys from 1990 to 2008. The findings reveal that mother-level and community-level variability are significantly associated with immunization uptake in Nigeria. The model also indicates that children delivered at private hospitals have a higher chance of being immunized than children who are delivered at home. Children from the poorest families (who are more likely to be delivered at home) have a lower chance of being immunized than those from the richest families (OR = 0.712; 95% CI, 0.641–0.792). Similarly, the chance of children with a mother with no education being immunized is decreased by 17% compared with children whose mother has at least a primary education. In the same way, children of mothers who are gainfully employed and those of older mothers have statistically significantly higher odds of being immunized. Children of households with a female head are less likely to be immunized than those from male-headed households. The statistical significance of the community–survey year interaction term suggests an increase in the odds of a child being immunized over the years and spread over communities. Evidence-based policy should lay more emphasis on mother- and community- level risk factors in order to increase immunization coverage among Nigerian children.