Understanding the biowaste valorization model in South Africa using the RCL foods waste-to-value energy plant in the Breede Valley municipality as a case study

Abstract

Food loss and waste are discussed extensively in the literature under the scope of circular economy principles, particularly in terms of how ethical, economic, and environmental values shape strategies for mitigation. This study aimed to examine the contrasting dynamics of two aspects of the circular economy in the Breede Valley Municipality (BVM): the bioenergy sector and the informal practice of raising spent layer chickens for meat consumption. Using a qualitative, case-based approach, the research examines how each pathway navigates regulatory, economic, and institutional challenges. The findings reveal that while bioenergy initiatives face significant infrastructural and policy barriers, requiring centralized coordination and investment, the informal sector demonstrates greater adaptability, though it operates with limited support and visibility. The study highlights structural power imbalances, fragmented collaboration, and governance gaps as critical barriers to a cohesive circular economy. It concludes that inclusive stakeholder networks and context-specific integration strategies are essential for scaling W2V innovations in South Africa.