Development of Copper Selenide Quantum Dots-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Biosensors for Toremifene - A Breast Cancer Drug
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Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Western Cape
Abstract
With rising knowledge of the effects on plasma concentration caused by allelic variations in the
cytochrome P450 genes and other metabolic factors such as drug-drug or drug-food
interactions, more attention is paid to the possibility of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
Thus, there is a rising demand for quick, low-cost and efficient equipment for drug targeting.
For such devices, electrochemical biosensing techniques serve as a promising alternative.
Toremifene is the chlorinated analogue of tamoxifen and is used for adjuvant antiestrogenic
treatment for breast cancer and could serve as a candidate for TDM treatments. In this work, a
proof of concept enzymatic electrochemical biosensor is developed for the detection of
toremifene in aqueous solution. The biosensor uses water-soluble 6-mercaptopropinoic acid
capped copper selenide quantum dots (6MHACuSe QDs) conjugated to a cysteamine selfassembled
monolayer on a gold electrode. The 6MHACuSe QDs where further conjugated with
CYP2C9 enzyme, which has shown to have a major part in the hydroxylation of toremifene
(TOR) to form 4-hydroxytoremifene (4OH-TOR). The 6MHACuSe QDs where synthesized
using a facile and rapid aqueous route. Results from synthesis of 3-mercaptiorproionic acid
(3MPA) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) capped copper selenide QDs, are also presented in
the study and compared to the results of the 6MHA capped copper selenide QDs. X-ray
diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed formation of copper selenide species of nonstoichiometric
form Cu2-xSe (for the 6MHA and 3MPA capped CuSe QDs) and ?-CuSe
stoichiometric form (for the MSA capped CuSe QDs).
Description
Magister Scientiae - MSc (Chemistry)