Ecosystem-Based approaches, gender Inclusivity and their impact on economic development: A case of Southern Malawi

Abstract

This thesis explores how ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies can become more effective and equitable when they incorporate gender inclusivity, with a specific focus on Southern Malawi. As climate change continues to disproportionately impact women and marginalized groups, the study looks at how gender-sensitive approaches to adaptation can help address these deep-rooted inequalities. The research looks at how gender affects both vulnerability to climate change and the success of adaptation initiatives utilizing frameworks such as ecofeminism, intersectionality, and the capacity approach. Through interviews and fieldwork conducted in Southern Malawi, the thesis investigated current EbA initiatives that aim to protect and restore ecosystems while helping communities adapt to climate-related risks like floods and droughts. However, it was found that while these programs are well-intentioned, they often overlook the critical role women play in natural resource management and community resilience. In many cases, women—who are typically the primary users of natural resources—are excluded from decision-making processes, limiting the effectiveness of these adaptation strategies and perpetuating gender inequalities.