Acute toxicity studies of the South African medicinal plant Galenia africana

dc.contributor.authorNg’uni, Tiza
dc.contributor.authorKlaasen, Jeremy A.
dc.contributor.authorFielding, Burtram C.
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-05T06:17:24Z
dc.date.available2019-08-05T06:17:24Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractBackground: Medicinal plants are used by a large proportion of the global population as complementary and alternative medicines. However, little is known about their toxicity. G. africana has been used to treat wounds, coughs and skin diseases and is used in cosmetic formulations such as lotions and shampoos. Methods: The acute oral and dermal toxicity potential of G. africana was analyzed after a single administration of 300 and 2000 mg/kgbw for acute oral toxicity and 2000 mg/kgbw for acute dermal toxicity. Female Sprague- Dawley rats were used for the acute oral toxicity study whereas both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the acute dermal toxicity study. In the Episkin skin irritation test, the irritation potential of G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were assessed using the Episkin reconstituted human epidermis. In the dermal sensitization study, female CBA/Ca mice were treated with G. africana concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml respectively. The vehicle of choice was dimethylformamide which acted as a control. Results: The results of the acute oral and dermal toxicity studies revealed that the median lethal dosage (LD50) for G. africana extract in Sprague-Dawley rats was considered to exceed 2000 mg/kgbw. In the irritation test, the G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were non-irritant on the Episkin reconstituted human epidermis. In the dermal sensitization study, the stimulation index (SI) values for the mice treated with the G. africana extract at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml/kgbw, when compared to the control group, were 1.3, 0.9 and 1.3 respectively. The open application of the extract at the various concentrations did not result in a SI of ≥ 3 in any group. Hence, it did not elicit a hypersensitivity response. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the acute toxicity profile for G. africana is acceptable and can subsequently be used for single use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.en_US
dc.identifier.citationNg’Uni, T., Klaasen, J. A., & Fielding, B. C. (2018). Acute toxicity studies of the South African medicinal plant Galenia africana. Toxicology Reports, 5, 813-818. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.008en_US
dc.identifier.issn2214-7500
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10566/4759
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectGalenia africanaen_US
dc.subjectAcute toxicityen_US
dc.subjectSkin irritationen_US
dc.subjectEpiskinen_US
dc.subjectDermal sensitizationen_US
dc.subjectLocal lymph node assayen_US
dc.titleAcute toxicity studies of the South African medicinal plant Galenia africanaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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