Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: A review

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dc.contributor.authorOsman, Ahmed I.
dc.contributor.authorHosny, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorAkinyede, Kolajo Adedamola
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-23T07:23:32Z
dc.date.available2023-06-23T07:23:32Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractMicroplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review the sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods of microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based and land-based sources of microplastics. Microplastics have been found in biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood and placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by microplastics. Microplastic exposure during pregnancy and maternal period is also discussed. Remediation methods include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation and magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, and using biodegradable plastics. Global plastic production has risen dramatically over the past 70 years to reach 359 million tonnes. China is the world's top producer, contributing 17.5% to global production, while Turkey generates the most plastic waste in the Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. Microplastics comprise 75% of marine waste, with land-based sources responsible for 80–90% of pollution, while ocean-based sources account for only 10–20%. Microplastics induce toxic effects on humans and animals, such as cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, and genotoxicity, even at minimal dosages of 10 μg/mL.en_US
dc.identifier.citationOsman, A. I. et al. (2023). Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01593-3en_US
dc.identifier.issn1610-3661
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10566/9136
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.subjectMicroplastic pollutionen_US
dc.subjectBioscienceen_US
dc.subjectBiodegradable plasticsen_US
dc.subjectWater resource managementen_US
dc.subjectWater and Sanitationen_US
dc.titleMicroplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: A reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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