Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage-based fe-bea catalysts for the friedel–crafts alkylation of benzene

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dc.contributor.authorHlatywayo, Tapiwa
dc.contributor.authorPetrik, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorLouis, Benoit
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-29T09:11:19Z
dc.date.available2025-10-29T09:11:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractCoal fly ash and acid mine drainage are significant environmental issues in South Africa, causing storage constraints and impacting water quality. This study explores the use of coal fly ash and acid mine drainage in preparing zeolite HBEA-supported Fe catalysts. The Na-BEA parent catalysts were synthesised hydrothermally using coal fly ash as a feedstock. The Fe was loaded upon the H-BEA form zeolite using liquid-phase ion exchange or wet impregnation, using Fe-rich acid mine drainage as the metal precursor. The ion-exchanged Fe-BEA catalysts exhibited excellent activity, with the highest selectivity achieved over the 25 AHW after 0.5 h on stream. The study also found that when impregnation was used to load Fe onto the zeolite support, other metals present in the AMD affected the overall activity, with Mn, Ca, Mg, and Na decreasing conversion and selectivity, while Ni had a promoting effect. This study demonstrates that green solid acid catalysts with high catalytic activity can be prepared using two waste materials, coal fly ash and acid mine drainage. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time the use of acid mine drainage as a metal precursor in Fe-BEA catalyst preparation.
dc.identifier.citationHlatywayo, T., Petrik, L. and Benoit, L., 2025. Coal Fly Ash and Acid Mine Drainage-Based Fe-BEA Catalysts for the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Benzene. Catalysts, 15(2), p.155.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/catal15020155
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10566/21201
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.subjectAcid mine drainage
dc.subjectCoal fly ash
dc.subjectFriedel-Crafts alkylation
dc.subjectIon exchange
dc.subjectSolid acid catalysts
dc.titleCoal fly ash and acid mine drainage-based fe-bea catalysts for the friedel–crafts alkylation of benzene
dc.typeArticle

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