Winter is coming: A southern hemisphere perspective of the environmental drivers of sars-cov-2 and the potential seasonality of covid-19

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Date

2020

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

MPDI

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in humans were first reported in December 2019, the boreal winter. The resulting COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020. By July 2020, COVID-19 was present in 213 countries and territories, with over 12 million confirmed cases and over half a million attributed deaths. Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Many studies on the environmental sensitivity of COVID-19 are appearing online, and some have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Initially, these studies raised the hypothesis that climatic conditions would subdue the viral transmission rate in places entering the boreal summer, and that southern hemisphere countries would experience enhanced disease spread. For the latter, the COVID-19 peak would coincide with the peak of the influenza season, increasing misdiagnosis and placing an additional burden on health systems. In this review, we assess the evidence that environmental drivers are a significant factor in the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, globally and regionally. We critically assessed 42 peer-reviewed and 80 preprint publications that met qualifying criteria.

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Keywords

COVID-19, Environmental influences, Humidity, SARS-CoV-2, Seasonality

Citation

Smit, A. J. et al. (2020). Winter is coming: A southern hemisphere perspective of the environmental drivers of sars-cov-2 and the potential seasonality of covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ,17(16),5634, 1-28