Effect of various tooth-whitening products on enamel microhardness

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dc.contributor.authorGrobler, Sias Renier
dc.contributor.authorMajeed, Abdul
dc.contributor.authorMoola, Mohamad H.
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-03T14:05:18Z
dc.date.available2013-05-03T14:05:18Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.description.abstractObjectives: The purpose was to evaluate the effect of various tooth-whitening products on the South African market, containing carbamide peroxide (CP) or hydrogen peroxide (HP), on enamel microhardness. Methods: Enamel blocks were exposed to: Nite White® ACP 10% CP (group 2, n=10); Yotuel® Patient 10% CP (group 3, n=10); Opalescence® PF 10% CP (group 4, n=10); Opalescence® PF 20% CP (group 5, n=10); Opalescence® Treswhite Supreme 10% HP (group 6, n=10); Yotuel® 10 Minutes 30% CP (group 7, n=10); Opalescence® Quick 45% CP (group 8, n=10), Yotuel® Special 35% HP (group 9, n=10), Opalescence® Boost 38% HP (group 10, n=10) according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The control group (1) was enamel blocks (n=10) kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C without any treatment. The microhardness values were obtained before exposure and after a 14-day treatment period. Specimens were kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C between treatments. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Indent marks on the enamel blocks were also examined under the scanning electron microscope. Results: All whitening products decreased enamel microhardness except group 10. Only Groups 2,3,4,5 and 7 showed significant decrease in enamel microhardness as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Groups 2, 3 and 7 differed significantly from all the other groups (p<0.05). The highest damage was recorded for group 2 (Nite White® ACP 10% CP), which differed significantly from groups 3 and 7. SEM images also showed damage to enamel. Conclusions: All products damaged enamel except Opalescence® Boost 38% HP. In general, the products containing carbamide peroxide were more damaging while longer treatment periods influenced the microhardness values negatively. Nite White® ACP without fluoride showed relatively more damage than all the other products containing fluoride.en_US
dc.description.accreditationDepartment of HE and Training approved listen_US
dc.identifier.citationGrobler, S.R., Majeed, A. & Moola, M.H. (2009). Effect of various tooth-whitening products on enamel microhardness. South African Dental Journal, 64: 474-479en_US
dc.identifier.issn10294864
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10566/590
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.privacy.showsubmitterfalse
dc.publisherSouth African Dental Associationen_US
dc.rightsThis file may be freely used for educational uses. No commercial reproduction or distribution of this file is permitted without written permission of the South African Dental Association (SADA). Note that the SADA retains all intellectual property rights in the article.
dc.status.ispeerreviewedtrue
dc.subjectTooth bleachingen_US
dc.subjectTooth whiteneren_US
dc.subjectPeroxideen_US
dc.subjectMicrohardnessen_US
dc.titleEffect of various tooth-whitening products on enamel microhardnessen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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