The dynamics of appraisal: A review of 20 years of research using the Fortitude Questionnaire
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Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SAGE
Abstract
Fortitude refers to the psychological strength to manage adversity and stay well. It is derived from
adaptive cognitive appraisals of self, family, and social supports and has consistently been identified as
a protective factor in psychological well-being. This study undertakes a scoping review of empirical
research on the Fortitude Questionnaire, which was developed to assess levels of fortitude.
The aims of the study were to categorize and catalogue studies that have used the Fortitude
Questionnaire, identify the variables that have been linked to the scale, and determine the extent to
which prior research has replicated the Fortitude Questionnaire’s psychometric properties. Arksey
and O’Malley’s five-stage framework for scoping reviews was followed to review studies published
between January 1999 and March 2020. A total of 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. The scoping
review found that the Fortitude Questionnaire has been used in different contexts and among
various sample groups across the lifespan, including vulnerable and high-risk populations. The scale
has demonstrated sound reliability and studies have confirmed its factor structure.
Description
Keywords
Fortitude, Fortitude questionnaire, Psychometric properties, Review, Well-being
Citation
Pretorius, T.B., & Padmanabhanunni, A. (2021). The dynamics of appraisal: A review of 20 years of research using the Fortitude Questionnaire. South African Journal of Psychology ,51(1),158-174