Recreational water use and health insecurity among children: the case of Manyera river, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Water recreation in contaminated environments poses serious health hazards, especially for vulnerable groups such as children. This study examines the environmental risk of heavy metal exposure for children who participate in water recreation activities in the Manyera River, Niger State, Nigeria. The Manyera River, having undergone different anthropogenic human activities, has been identified as a potential source of toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. The study employed questionnaire and in-depth interview plus non-participant observation and library search to source for its data. The results revealed an increased artisanal mining and unsustainable methods posed substantial threats, particularly to community members and children who frequently utilized the river for domestic and recreational activities. Children were more exposed to heavy metals, such as mercury, which is found in concentrations higher than the W.H.O. safe limit (0.006mg/L). This exposure offers substantial health insecurity to children, potentially affecting their respiratory, cognitive, and cardiovascular systems and increasing their chances of developing cancer in the future. The study emphasizes the urgent need for public health interventions, environmental remediation, and legislative changes to safeguard children from the long-term effects of exposure. Addressing these concerns is critical for protecting children’s health and creating safer recreational areas.