The association between interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and periodontitis in adults in Africa: A systematic review
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Date
2025
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Publisher
University of the Western Cape
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the periodontal tissue, is a global oral health concern. While bacterial infections initiate the problem, the body's inflammatory response impacts disease progression. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a group of molecules known as pro-inflammatory cytokines, has emerged as a critical factor in periodontitis development. The two main forms, IL-1α and IL-1β, contribute to inflammation, tissue breakdown, and bone loss. Research suggests that variations within the genes coding for IL-1 i.e. (polymorphisms) can influence an individual's susceptibility to periodontitis. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize the best evidence for the association between IL-1 gene polymorphism and periodontitis in persons living in Africa. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of IL-1 gene polymorphism in patients with periodontitis in Africa; determine the distribution of IL-1 gene polymorphisms with regard to geographical location, and demographic profile (age, gender, and ethnicity) and determine the association of combined and specific IL-1 polymorphisms and periodontitis. Method And Analysis: A systematic review was performed using four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCO) were searched for English language case-control studies, reporting on the association between IL-1 and periodontitis in Africa, with no limit to the time until 2023. Covidence® software was used to manage title and abstract screening and full-text review by two reviewers independently, according to the eligibility of the studies, and the discrepancies were resolved by consensus. A random effects model for calculating the odds ratio was conducted using STATA 17 software, which was used for statistical analysis.
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Keywords
Periodontitis, Chronic Periodontitis, Gene polymorphism, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, Africa