Department of Statistics & Population Studies

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Browsing by Subject "Africa"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Contraception and unmet-needs in Africa
    (University of the Western Cape, 2009) Stiegler, Nancy; Dept. of Statistics; Faculty of Science
    The first objective of this study is to show if diffusion of contraception in areas of traditional high fertility has gone through profound changes. Indeed, we would like to know if contraceptive behaviours have evolved because of new fertility perceptions and also because partners now have greater freedom to make choices in a relationship. The second objective of this study is not only to highlight the levels and trends of contraception and the factors influencing their use (government policies, role of family planning, etc.) in developing countries, but also to consider the population of unmet-needs of contraception. Indeed, the level of contraceptive use depends obviously on users, but also on non-users with no needs and non-users with unsatisfied needs. The understanding of this last category of females is essential to a more accurate estimation of contraception levels, and, therefore for the estimation of fertility levels. This study analyses the contraceptive use in several developing countries in Africa and highlights the unsatisfied needs of contraception, to understand why such needs exist. To do so, we shall analyse available demographic data for thirty-five African countries by using the available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), from the 1980's to 2000's considering the DHS I, DHS II, DHS III and DHS IV. This great variety of surveys, seventy-nine in total, permits one to compare levels of contraception and 'unmet-needs' from country to country. The surveys also, make it possible to compare the evolution over time of specific countries or specific regions, and to subsequently comprehend the determining factors of contraceptive use or non-use.
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    Demographic and health impact of alcohol and tobacco in Cameroon and Albania
    (University of the Western Cape, 2022) Karriem, Ahmed Tawfeeq; Stiegler, Nancy
    The aim of this article is to illustrate a comparative analysis of the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use and its impact on demographic and health indicators in Cameroon and Albania. Tobacco is the leading cause of death, illness and impoverishment. It kills more than eight million people each year; of which around 1.2 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke (WHO, 2021). The harmful use of alcohol is also a global problem resulting in millions of deaths, it is not only a causal factor in many diseases, but also a precursor to injury, violence and risky sexual behaviour. The evolving methods of consumption and harmful byproducts are not fully being attenuated to prevent initiation or discourage its continuance. The issue is that alcohol and tobacco industries provide enticingly substantial economic benefits.
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    Female genital mutilation in Africa :what will encourage its discontinuation
    (University of the Western Cape, 2009) Marinus, Chanel; Stiegler, Nancy; Dept. of Political Studies; Faculty of Arts
    Between one hundred and one hundred and forty million young girls around the world have reportedly been subjected to some form of genital excision during 2005. Approximately three million young girls are at risk every year of undergoing this harmful procedure (WHO, 2008). Female genital mutilation is reported to occur, and is expected to continue occurring in twenty-eight African countries (London Safeguarding Children Board, 2007). This paper aims to firstly observe the levels of excision in Africa, and then highlight the underlying factors that encourage certain women to continue this dangerous ritual by analysing national datasets, such as the child info database, obtained form the United Nations Children's Fund. By calculating and comparing common indicators, the prevailing ones that dominate FGM appreciation can be further analysed. The final objective will be to suggest strategies that can be put in place to encourage the discontinuation of female genital cutting universally.
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    How a population and housing census can be conducted after an epidemic, pandemic or a national crisis?
    (University of the Western Cape, 2022) Fapohunda, Tomiwa T.; Stiegler, Nancy
    The population and housing census is the entire official process of enumeration of a country's residents and houses at a specified time. This process includes planning, demographic data collection, compilation, evaluation, analysis and dissemination. The census process is crucial for planning and policymaking to advance the country. In December 2019, there was the discovery of a deadly disease, COVID-19, which later spread globally and emerged to be a pandemic. The pandemic had detrimental effects on various aspects of life and especially on the census process in over seventy countries.
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    Participation of African migrants in the labour force of South Africa : are there structural changes from 2001 to 2011?
    (University of the Western Cape, 2015) Majikijela, Yamkela; Tati, Gabriel
    This thesis examines the distribution of African migrants across the different segments of the labour force in South Africa. The specific objective of this study is to demonstrate that there has been structural changes from 2001 to 2011 in the deployment of African immigrants in terms of occupation, employment sector, income groups just to name a few. Studies that have been recorded using the 2001 population census suggest that the South African labour market attracts majority of African migrants that are not highly qualified. The proposed study makes use of the 2011 population census to evaluate the extent to which the situation has changed or whether it remained the same between the two periods. The assumption underlying this study is that, over time the magnitude of qualified migrants has improved. As far as African migration is concerned, to capture the structural changes during the ten-year period (2001 to 2011) this study focuses on variables such as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. To profile changes in the participation of African migrants, this study makes use of the 2001 and 2011 national population census data. Furthermore, statistical packages are used to test the relationship between variables. Policy document about migration are also used to provide the legislated framework with regards to the involvement of foreign labour in the South African labour force. The geographical scope of the study is national meaning it covers all nine provinces of South Africa.