Department of Orthodontics
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The discipline of Orthodontics focuses on the growth and development of the craniofacial complex and dental occlusion, and the treatment of abnormalities related to these structures.
The Department of Paediatric Dentistry conducts an undergraduate and a postgraduate programme to enable students to manage the child dental patient. The postgraduate programmes consist of a postgraduate diploma in dentistry part-time and a masters programme full time.
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Browsing by Subject "Antiretroviral therapy"
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Item Oral lesions in hiv/aids patients before and after haart treatment(2009) Masiiwa, Antonette Musara; Naidoo, SudeshniThe initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy has shown to result in successful suppression of viral replications followed by an increase in CD4 lymphocytes, a partial recovery of T-cell specific immune responses and decrease susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients before and after undergoing HAART. Methods: The study design was longitudinal and descriptive, investigating the prevalence of oral lesions presenting in HIV/AIDS patients at baseline, 3 and 6 months after taking HAART. A convenience sample size of 200 participants was targeted. Results: 210 HIV positive patients participated at baseline. At 3 months, 96 (46%) and at 6 months, 52 (25%) were available for review respectively. At baseline 210 HIV positive patients were recruited into the study from three hospitals. Two infectious disease hospitals belonged to the City of Harare and the other is a government hospital. Just over two thirds were female (64.3%) and the age ranged as follows: 21-30 (17%); 31-40 (44%); 41-50 (26% and 51-60 (9%).Discussion: HAART appears to be effective in reducing the prevalence of oral lesions in persons with AIDS likely due to the immunological reconstitution. Oral candidiasis remains the most prevalent oral opportunistic infection in immuno-suppressed individuals and hence its important predictive value for immuno-suppression defined as CD4-cell count level <200/mL of blood. All oral lesions strongly associated with HIV infection with the exception of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were diagnosed at baseline. CD4 cell count level increased after initiation of HAART. T-lymphocytes that are formed after the introduction of HAART may not provide sufficient protection against some lesions like parotid gland disease and HPV conditions (planar warts). HAART failure was detected in some patients who had negative CD4-cell count at 6 months compared to the baseline parameters. Conclusions: HIV-positive patients experience oral pain during the course of their disease, eating, drinking and swallowing. Further longitudinal studies are required in order to ascertain the prevalence of these lesions at three and six months and the effect of HAART.Item Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children attending the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Cape Town(Wiley, 2021) Mulder, Riaan; Mohamed, Nadia; Mathiba, OloratoObjective: Investigation of the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-infected children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 66 HIV seropositive children, comprised of 28 (42.4%) females and 38 (57.6%) males (average age of 6 years). Study participants all required data regarding CD4+ T-helper cell counts and the viral load. All participants underwent an orofacial clinical examination by calibrated clinicians. Associations between the presence of oral mucosal lesions, CD4+ cell counts, and viral load were analyzed using Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of oral manifestations was detected in 21 children (31.8%).Oral lesions were detected in 16 children with viral load copies <50 cells/mm3and22 children with CD4+ counts >500 cells/mm3. Predominant lesions identified included angular cheilitis (36.7%), candidiasis (13.3%) and atypical oral ulcers (13.3%).The presence of one lesion was the most prevalent represented by 19 children. Oral lesions in relation to the CD4+ counts >500 resulted in; 14 children with one oral lesion, 5 with two lesions and 3 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of thisCD4+ count patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. Oral lesions in relation Viral load copies <50 resulted in; 9 children with one oral lesion, 3 with two oral mucosal lesions and 4 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of this Viral load patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. No significant correlations were established between the presence of oral mucosal lesions and low CD4+counts (p = 0.715) nor with high viral load counts (p = 0.638).Conclusion: HIV-related oral mucosal lesions still presented in the participants despite management with HAART. Based on the results, CD4+ counts and viral load does not appear to be suitable markers of orofacial involvement in children.