Browsing by Author "Zuma, Khangelani"
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Item The HIV epidemic in South Africa: Key findings from 2017 national population-based survey(MDPI, 2022) Zuma, Khangelani; Simbayi, Leickness; Igumbor, EhimarioSouth Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV worldwide. South Africa has implemented five population-based HIV prevalence surveys since 2002 aimed at understanding the dynamics and the trends of the epidemic. This paper presents key findings from the fifth HIV prevalence, incidence, and behaviour survey conducted in 2017 following policy, programme, and epidemic change since the prior survey was conducted in 2012. A cross-sectional populationbased household survey collected behavioural and biomedical data on all members of the eligible households. A total of 39,132 respondents from 11,776 households were eligible to participate, of whom 93.6% agreed to be interviewed, and 61.1% provided blood specimens. The provided blood specimens were used to determine HIV status, HIV incidence, viral load, exposure to antiretroviral treatment, and HIV drug resistance. Overall HIV incidence among persons aged 2 years and above was 0.48% which translates to an estimated 231,000 new infections in 2017.Item Prevalence of tobacco use among adults in South Africa: Results from the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2015) Reddy, Priscilla; Zuma, Khangelani; Shisana, OliveSmoking is one of the major preventable causes of disease and premature death globally.[1] Tobacco is the second leading risk factor for the global burden of disease, accounting for 6.3% of disability-adjusted life-years lost[2] and causing six million deaths annually.[1] Since 1995 there has been a modest increase in tobacco consumption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but a consistent decline in high-income countries (HICs).[3] By 2030 it is estimated that tobacco will kill more than eight million people annually, with 80% of these deaths occurring in LMICs.[3] Consumers in LMICs such as South Africa (SA) are likely to be less informed about the adverse health consequences of tobacco use than those in HICs, and are therefore likely to bear the major health impact of tobacco unless an aggressive educational programme is mounted.