Browsing by Author "Swatuk, Larry"

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    From conflict to collaboration: Atewa forest governance
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2023) Agbo, Victor Mawutor; Swatuk, Larry
    The problem of forest degradation and loss has become theconcern of many countries. To address this challenge, somecollaborate in sustainable forest management. The mostsuccessful outcomes, however, are observed where localparticipation is an essential part of conservation efforts. InGhana, forests have experienced various degrees ofexploitation over the years, resulting in their ecologicaldecline. Despite its designation as a protected area for bio-diversity and ecosystem services, the Atewa Range ForestReserve in Ghana has been significantly impacted bydeforestation, illegal mining, and other destructive activi-ties.
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    Institutional challenges in integrated water resources management in Zimbabwe: a case study of the Pungwe sub-catchment area
    (University of the Western Cape, 2002) Tapela, Barbara Nompumelelo; Hara, Mafa; Swatuk, Larry
    Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is viewed by policy makers and practitioners as facilitating the achievement of a balance between water resources use and protection, and the resolution of water-related conflicts. The IWRM approach has found particular use in the new water policies of Southern African countries such as Zimbabwe, where water scarcity, after the land question, is perceived to be a major threat to political, economic, social, military and environmental security. Ultimately, IWRM is seen as providing a framework towards ensuring broader security at the local, national, regional and global levels. However, the pilot phase implementation of the new water policy in the various regional countries has revealed that although the legal and institutional frameworks have been put in place, the implementation of the IWRM approach has tended to be problematic (Latham, 2001; GTZ, 2000; Leestemaker, 2000; Savenige & van der Zaag, 2000; Sithole, 2000). This study adopts a case study approach and empirically examines the institutional challenges of implementing the IWRM approach in the post-pilot phase of Zimbabwe's new water policy. The focus is mainly on the institutional arrangements surrounding the Pungwe-Mutare Water Supply Project located within the Save Catchment Area in Eastern Zimbabwe. The major finding of the study is that, while there are some problems associated with the traditional management approach, there have also emerged new challenges to IWRM. These mainly relate to the transaction costs of the water sector reforms, institutional resilience, stakeholder participation, and the achievement of the desired outcomes. There have also been problems emanating from unexpected political developments at the local and national levels, particularly with regard to the government's "fast track" land resettlement programme. The study also raises some questions concerning the ideological bases of IWRM and the conceptualization of the institutional problem.