Browsing by Author "Shaik, Shoayeb"
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Item Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the anterior mandible: a case report(Wiley-Blackwell, 2020) Walters, J.; Shaik, Shoayeb; Afrogheh, Amir H.Adenomatoid odontogenic tumours are hamartomatous lesions that rarely deviate from their well-recognised radiological features. However, increasing numbers with atypical radiological features have been reported in recent years. This study reports on a large extrafollicular lesion in the anterior mandible with uncommon radiological features in a 17-year-old female. Treatment included enucleation with a histopathological confirmation. Healing was uneventful.Item The assessment of osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint using cone beam computed tomography(University of the Western Cape, 2013) Shaik, Shoayeb; Parker, M.E.Aim: To compare osseous changes in the mandibular condyles in patients presenting to the Oral Health Center, Tygerburg Campus, with and without clicking of the temporomandibular joint. Background: Clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not a normal occurrence in its form or function. A chronic click may lead to the development of osteoarthritis. A clinical finding of clicking of the joint can reflect osseous changes of the bony structures and form part of the early signs of degenerative joint diseases. These osseous changes can be detected on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. The purpose of this study is to confirm the presence osseous changes of the joint and institute the early management of these patients. Failure to intervene in the early stages could result in disease progression to possible osteoarthritis. CBCT imaging will be used to assess osseous changes in the temporomandibular joints with reference to erosions, flattening, lipping, sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Materials and methods: 25 patient records were selected for a control group and 25 patients that attended the Oral Health center were screened for asymptomatic clicking of the temporomandibular joints. Osseous changes of the 100 condyles were examined by the author and a senior member of the department. Changes were recorded when consensus was reached on the presence of any changes. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was used to assess the joints in both groups. Results: Age and gender showed no statistical significance between the 2 groups. The proportion of ‘yes’ for the variables showed that sclerosis (right) was statistically significant when comparing case versus control groups (P = 0.002). A chi-squared test applied to the data resulted in observed chi-square = 15.68, df = 1, p-value = 7.501e-05, (<0.0001) confirming that the discrimination is statistically significant. Conclusion: Osseous changes were found in both the control and case group. The case group exhibited equal or greater prevalence of osseous changes. Patients with asymptomatic click of the temporomandibular joints demonstrate osseous changes.Item Cephalometric landmark detection: Artificial intelligence vs human examination(University of Western Cape, 2021) Indermun, Suvarna; Shaik, ShoayebCephalometric landmark detection is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The most common cause of random errors, in both computer-aided cephalometry and manual cephalometric analysis, is inconsistency in landmark detection. These methods are time-consuming. As a result, attempts have been made to automate cephalometric analysis, to improve the accuracy and precision of landmark detection whilst also minimizing errors caused by clinician subjectivity.This mini-thesis aimed to determine the precision of two cephalometric landmark identification methods, namely an artificial intelligence programme (BoneFinder®) and a computer-assisted examination software (Dolphin ImagingTM).Item Cephalometric Landmark Detection: Artificial Intelligence vs Human Examination(University of the Western Cape, 2021) Indermun, Suvarna; Shaik, ShoayebBackground: Cephalometric landmark detection is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The most common cause of random errors, in both computer-aided cephalometry and manual cephalometric analysis, is inconsistency in landmark detection. These methods are time-consuming. As a result, attempts have been made to automate cephalometric analysis, to improve the accuracy and precision of landmark detection whilst also minimizing errors caused by clinician subjectivity. Aim: This mini-thesis aimed to determine the precision of two cephalometric landmark identification methods, namely an artificial intelligence programme (BoneFinder®) and a computer-assisted examination software (Dolphin ImagingTM). Methods: This was a retrospective quantitative cross-sectional analytical study. The dataset comprised of 409 cephalograms obtained from a South African population. 19 landmarks were selected and detected using a computer-assisted approach and an automatic approach. The x,y coordinates for each landmark per system was recorded and the Euclidean distance was calculated. Precision was determined by calculating the standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Results: The primary researcher acted as the gold standard and was calibrated prior to data collection. The inter- and intra-reliability tests yielded acceptable results. There were variations present in several landmarks between Dolphin and BoneFinder; however, they were statistically insignificant. The computer-aided approach was very sensitive to several variables. Attempts were made to draw valid comparisons and conclusions.Item Diagnostic accuracy of maxillary periapical pathology perforating the sinus floor: a comparison of pantomograph and CBCT images(University of Western Cape, 2020) Walters, Jaco; Shaik, Shoayeb; Behardien, NashreenPeriapical lesions are fairly common pathology associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth. Some chronic lesions develop without an acute phase with no recollection of previous symptoms. It is known that maxillary odontogenic infections can breach the sinus floor with succeeding complications. Pantomography, a widespread conventional radiographic technique, provides a generalized view of the maxillofacial region. Advanced modalities like CBCT may facilitate in navigating complex anatomy, which would otherwise be obscured.Item Hard tissue features associated with the presence of impacted mandibular third molars(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Babiker, Sahar Malik; Parker, M.E.; Shaik, ShoayebDifferent pathology associated with impacted wisdom teeth in the oral cavity showed that it is prevalent and may lead to varied dental complications. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective analytical design in order to examine hard tissue features associated with the presence of impacted third molars in a random sample of 2998 digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients' records in Tygerberg Oral Health Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Cape. The specific objectives of the study were to categorize the type of impactions in the DPRs of patients and to determine the prevalence of distal cervical caries (DCC) in second molars, any radiolucent (RL) /radiopaque (RO) lesions or external root resorption (ERR) complications associated with impacted wisdom teeth. Results of the pantomographs and clinical records of patients indicated that the most prevalent type of impaction (TOI) is Mesioangular (MA) Impaction (65%) followed by Horizontal (H) Impaction (17%), Vertical (V) Impaction (15%), Transverse (TVS) Impaction (2 %) and Distoangular (DA) Impaction (1.2 %), respectively. The least prevalent type was Inverted (INV) Impaction with a frequency count of 0.5%. The results further indicated varied dental complications resulting from impaction, ranging from ERR with a frequency of 3% of which 66.70% was associated with MA type of impaction, followed by H with a frequency of 26.7%. The association of Gender and RL/ RO lesions was significant (p-value=0.04) while association between DCC and types of impaction was also significant (p-value =0.0017). The study concluded that the high prevalence of MA among all populations and genders over the years may be related to the anatomical normal inclination of the third molars to the mesial surface. The low prevalence of DA observed in the study sample on the other hand might be attributable to gender and demographic factors. Lastly, this study has only one radiopaque lesion and the high prevalence of RL lesions in males and in the older age group suggests that these complications take a while to develop. Future research is needed to raise more awareness and encourage patients to seek treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic third molars before complications arise.Item Incidental calcifications s of the head and neck on CBCT scans(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Ebrahim, Leila; Shaik, ShoayebOne of the most notable additions to the dental imaging armamentarium is the introduction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning in general dental practices. The multi-planar functionality of CBCT allows for accurate localization of structures and pathology and hence minimizes the risk of overlapping of structure images, inherent in conventional two-dimensional radiographs. Additionally, the large image volume acquired in a CBCT scan means that more structures are viewable. Consequently, the chance of finding incidental findings (IFs) is increased. An IF could be defined as any asymptomatic entity/condition/presentation/region that draws the attention of a reporting clinician, with no clinical presentations prior to the primary exam. IFs occur extracranially and intracranially. Idiopathic, dystrophic, or metastatic calcification can affect head and neck structures and also be encountered as incidental findings.Item Prevalence and location of the secondary mesiobuccal canal in the maxillary first and second permanent molars using cbct; In a sample of the Libyan population’(University of Western Cape, 2021) Aburgeba, Hoda; Shaik, ShoayebPreviously, many studies have used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to detect and confirm the exact location of the MB2 canal in maxillary molars. It is now considered the gold standard, as it allows clinicians to visualize complex anatomical structures and to perform endodontic treatment safely. However, in the context of this study, the prevalence and location of the MB2 in maxillary first and second permanent molars among the Libyan population is limited. The aim of this in vivo study is to describe the prevalence and location of the MB2 in the mesiobuccal root of first and second maxillary molars and to describe a methodology to enable its geometric location in the Libyan population using CBCT imaging.