Browsing by Author "Rena, Ravinder"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Challenges for quality primary education in Papua New Guinea — a case study
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011) Rena, Ravinder
    There is an urgent need to reform the educational system to achieve universal primary education in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Even after 35 years of independence, PNG has been struggling to educate an estimated 2 million elementary- and primary-aged children and faces numerous challenges in providing Education for All (EFA). This study was conducted in four primary schools of Buma Yong area of Lae district ofMorobe Province, PNG. The study revealed that the quality of education has been deteriorated over the past few decades. Many schools in PNG do not have classrooms, teachers, and basic facilities. As a result, the children are losing interest in going to school. The children dropped out of school so as to assist their families in the household and agricultural activities. It also reveals that the dropout rate of girls is more than that of the boys due to the gender disparity in the country. The study recommended that budgetary allocations should be increased so as to improve the infrastructural facilities and encourage the children to attend primary school and thus achieve the Millennium Development Goal/Education For All in PNG.
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    An empirical analysis of energy consumption and economic growth in India: are they causally related?
    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, 2013) Ramakrishna, Gollagari; Rena, Ravinder
    In this paper an attempt is made to present the energy scenario of India in terms of energy consumption, energy security and energy efficiency. Growth trends and the changes in growth trends of these variables have been estimated for the period 1981 to 2010. In addition, the study makes an attempt to study the causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP both at aggregate and disaggregate levels using cointegration and Vector Error Correction (VECM) methods. The empirical results reveal that India is energy insecure, in spite of an increase in energy efficiency. It seems energy consumption and GDP are bidirectionally related at the aggregate level. In view of these findings some policy suggestions have been provided.
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    The Geopolitical Environment in Namibia: Business Challenges and Opportunities
    (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2013) Rena, Ravinder
    Geopolitics and business development is a buzz word. There is a serious link between population growth and the environment. This is basically found somewhere between the view that population growth is solely responsible for all environmental ills and the view that more people means the development of new technologies to overcome any environmental problems. An attempt has been made in this article to discuss the geopolitical environment in Namibia and provides a comprehensive picture of the country’s, economy, polity, educa tion and health situation in the country. It also highlights the environment and migration issues in general and how that affects a developing country like Namibia. It further argues that action is required by a broad group of policy makers in Namibia who can take important policy intervention measures that can ameliorate the current business landscape of the country.
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    The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: A case study of Limpopo province
    (University of Western Cape, 2014) Wanka, Fru Awah; Rena, Ravinder
    From 194 7-1994, South Africans were ruled under apartheid - a racially discriminatory political and economic system. As the name itself implies, apartheid is an Afrikaans name meaning "apartness". The provision of education in South Africa during this regime was poor, particularly for the African (black) population and most especially those living in homelands. This led to under-investment in human capital development particularly in the rural areas which resulted in, low levels of skills that have persisted till today. This has hindered those lacking the required skills to obtain lucrative employment and earning prospects. This study aims at investigating the impact of a household head's educational attainment level on the poverty status of the household in South Africa with case study of Limpopo province.
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    The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: a case study of Limpopo Province
    (University of the Western Cape, 2014) Wanka, Fru Awah; Rena, Ravinder
    From 1947-1994, South Africans were ruled under apartheid – a racially discriminatory political and economic system. As the name itself implies, apartheid is an Afrikaans name meaning “apartness”. The provision of education in South Africa during this regime was poor, particularly for the African (black) population and most especially those living in homelands. This led to under-investment in human capital development particularly in the rural areas which resulted in, low levels of skills that have persisted till today. This has hindered those lacking the required skills to obtain lucrative employment and earning prospects. This study aims at investigating the impact of a household head’s educational attainment level on the poverty status of the household in South Africa with case study of Limpopo province. This study sought to establish if education has an effect on the poverty status of households in Limpopo Province. The Income and Expenditure Survey (IES) data conducted by Statistics South Africa, for the period 1995, 2000, 2005/06 and 2010/11 were used to carry out this investigation. The official absolute income poverty lines of R3864 (lower bound) and R7116 (upper bound) per capita per annum in 2000 prices were used. In order to establish the relationship between education and the poverty status of an individual or a household, a probit regression model has been used. The results obtained revealed that, there is a strong tendency for lower educational attainment to be associated with a higher prevalence of household poverty. That is, households headed by someone with primary or no education are more likely to be poorer than those headed by someone with tertiary education. Rural and Black households are the most vulnerable in Limpopo Province. Although there is large allocation of resources towards education, educational outcomes have not improved. This raises questions regarding the lack of association between educational outcomes and resource allocation.
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    The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: A case study of Limpopo province
    (Routledge, 2019) Wanka, Fru Awah; Rena, Ravinder
    Poverty is a phenomenon that is multidimensional in nature and its meaning varies from one individual to another (Alkire and Foster 2011; Batana 2013; Bossert, Chakravarty, and D'Ambrosio 2013; Jansen et al. 2015). It can be seen as a failure to attain certain capabilities, absolute or relative,2 or a lack of income to meet a certain standard of living in a given society (Jansen et al. 2015). It can be chronic or temporary3, is often linked with underdevelopment, economic exclusion and vulnerabilities, and sometimes closely correlated with inequality (Mbuli 2008; Van der Berg 2008; Jansen et al. 2015). The definition of poverty employed determines its measurement.
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    Impact of WTO policies on developing countries: issues and perspectives
    (Ottawa United Learning Academy & Denfar Transnational Development, 2012) Rena, Ravinder
    About two thirds of the WTO’s around 150 members are developing countries. They play an increasingly important and active role in the WTO because of their numbers, because they are becoming more important in the global economy, and because they increasingly look to trade as a vital tool in their development efforts. An attempt is made in this paper to examine whether the WTO policies have positive or negative effect on the trade of developing countries. The paper further discusses that the Doha Round of Talk is a myth, a fiction, or is it a reality. Can the spirit of Doha, which launched a new round of negotiations and work with an explicit pledge to deliver development-friendly results, be redeemed or not? Finally, it analyses the special differential treatment (SDT) for developing countries.
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    Inflows of capital, exchange rates and balance of payments: the post-liberalisation experience of India
    (Indian Institute of Economics, 2013) Ramakrishna, Gollagari; Rena, Ravinder
    A review of the analytical literature shows that macroeconomic consequences of financial liberalization are the results of the combined effect of monetary, fiscal as well as trade and exchange rate policies followed by the government of a country. The results of vector error correction estimates show that total inflows of foreign capital are causing imports; and imports are causing inflows of foreign capital. This means that there is a bi-directional relationship between these two variables. This may be due to an increase in the imports in the industries where more and capital flows are coming in. During the period of Capital Account Convertibility (CAC) there is a positive growth in all the macro economic variables studied. Along with growth the variability has also increased. Both FDI and FPI have registered positive growth rates but along with this the variability also has increased. As expected, FPI is more volatile than FDI flows in India.
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    Is foreign aid panacea for African problems? The case of Namibia
    (University of Primorska, 2013) Rena, Ravinder
    Namibia has experienced impressive growth since 21 years of independence. Current gdp growth rates, estimated at 4–5%, are fuelled mainly by the increasing competitiveness of the mining sector. Mining sector accounts for half of the national foreign exchange earnings. Low scores on capital investment and education, however, is a considerable barrier to greater economic diversification and may contribute to the poor innovation score. As a result, Namibia remains somewhat dependent on foreign aid, despite relatively high average incomes. This paper will discuss the impact of foreign aid on the Namibian economy by systematically analyzing its influence on developing countries using Namibian economy as focus reference. Fifty years since the first official development assistance (oda) programs were instituted, the question of the effectiveness of foreign aid remains an unresolved issue. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether foreign aid is effective in helping Namibia to achieve development goals.