Browsing by Author "Peerbhay, Fathima"

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    The comparison of two doses of intranasal midazolam sedation in a paediatric dental emergency clinic
    (University of Western Cape, 2011) Mahgoub, Ahmed Elsheikh Omer; Peerbhay, Fathima; Roelofse, James
    The aim of the study was to compare two doses of intranasal midazolam (INM) 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg in terms of effectiveness and recovery time. Design:-This study was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and Triple blinded study. Sample and methods A sample of one hundred and eighteen children aged from 4-6 years old were randomly assigned for Intranasal sedation (INS) to either the 0.3 mg/kg group or the 0.5 mg/kg group. Children were taken in fasting and non-fasting conditions. The children were monitored using a pulse-oximeter, the sedation was assessed using Wilson sedation scale and the anxiety and behaviour scales were rated by Venham’s scale throughout the treatment. The facial image Scale (FIS) was also used to assess anxiety and mood of children before and after treatment. Results The mean BMI of children was found to be from 14-16. Intranasal sedation with both 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam was completed in 100% of the children. The pulse rates were within normal limit but statistically lower in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Oxygen saturation was above 98% in all except for one child who desaturated to 90%. Thirty five percent found this route acceptable in this study; Nine percent had burning sensation from midazolam. The state anxiety between the two groups of 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg were insignificant using Venham’s scale. However, behaviour scores showed statistical significant results of p value (0.03) and (0.04) in the behaviour during LA and behaviour during extractions respectively. The facial images scale (FIS) ratings chosen by the children before and after sedation was insignificant to the anxiety and behaviour ratings. The FIS revealed that 66% chose a happy face at the end of treatment. Fifty percent of the children in the study chose the same image before and after sedation. There were no adverse events encountered during the procedure. Conclusion INS with midazolam using the 0.3 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg doses resulted in safe and effective sedation. The 0.5 mg/kg proved to be more effective than the 0.3 mg/kg in providing better behaviour and decreasing anxiety when compared with the 0.3 mg/kg dose. The 0.5 mg/kg dose was found to be safe and the recovery time was slightly more than the 0.3 mg/kg but the difference was not clinically significant.
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    Effectiveness of oral health promotion in children and adolescents through behaviour change interventions: A scoping review
    (Public Library of Science, 2025) Peerbhay, Fathima; Khan, Saadika; Mash, Robert
    Objective To explore the interventions for change in oral health behaviour that are effective in improving oral health behaviours in 8 to 18-year-old children during oral health promotion. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute framework of evidence synthesis for conducting a scoping review was implemented for the methodology. Included studies related to the objective, measured clinical or non-clinical outcomes, were in English, 2011–2023, and were experimental, observational or reviews. PUBMED, Science-Direct, Scopus and Sabinet were systematically searched with predetermined search strings. Studies were selected by appraisal of the title, abstract and full text. Data were extracted using a standardised template and the key questions were addressed via a qualitative analysis. Results Searches yielded 407 articles from electronic databases. Of these, 290 articles were excluded, and 47 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, with 23 studies and two systematic reviews finalised for inclusion. In addition, a PEARL search was conducted from the reference lists of other studies. Most studies (91.3%) focused on educating children directly; 8.7% indirectly influenced parents, guardians, and teachers. Interventions focused largely on traditional oral health education presented in diverse forms and via different platforms. Studies differentiated clinical outcomes (indices) from non-clinical outcomes (knowledge, behaviour). All included RCTs were of different quality regarding selection, performance and detection bias. But all studies indicated a low risk of bias in attrition and Reporting bias. Seventeen of the 25 studies (68%) were not based on any behaviour change theory. Conclusions Oral health interventions based on motivational interviewing and the social cognitive theory have been shown to be to be effective. Interventions could also include practical tooth brushing activities, gamification, audio-visual components, as well as reinforcement and repetition in the longer term. Future oral health promotion in children should be designed to include these elements. There is a need for higher quality studies in this field, with future research being urged to provide detailed intervention descriptions and incorporate longer follow-up periods. © 2025 Peerbhay et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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    Introducing dental students to e-learning at a South African University
    (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2012) Mohamed, Nadia; Peerbhay, Fathima
    This article serves to report on the introduction of an innovative ‘blended learning’ approach in the Paediatric Dentistry Department at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in Cape Town, South Africa. This intervention was the first of its kind to be introduced at UWC’s dentistry faculty. Methods Educational resources were placed online to supplement didactic and clinical teaching and in so-doing, compensate for the lack of chair side teaching. An online learning platform was thus provided for students to engage with. Results Forty-seven percent of students accessed the site. The evaluation of the course by these 4th and 5th year students was mostly positive. Students who did not access the site provided a variety of reasons for not doing so, with the main reasons being the ‘lack of time’ (40%) and ‘lack of IT resources’ (41%). Conclusion This intervention highlighted the fact that ‘blended learning’ definitely has its place in the dentistry curriculum, especially if minor issues like access to resources can be addressed. The Paediatric Dentistry department at the University of Western Cape is continually pursuing current trends in teaching to provide an education that is on par with global standards.
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    The effect of resin based coatings on fluoride release of glass ionomer cement, an in vitro study
    (University of the Western Cape, 2018) Shatat, Fayez; Peerbhay, Fathima
    The use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorative materials assists in the prevention of dental caries due to its long-term fluoride release. However, poor physical strength is one of the main drawbacks of GIC. A surface coating is recommended to improve the physical strength and is considered necessary during the overlapping stages of setting reactions of GIC restorative materials. The development of resin based coatings has improved the properties of the material but the effect on fluoride release needs investigation.