UWCScholar :: Browsing by Author "Parker, M.E."

Browsing by Author "Parker, M.E."

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An in-vitro comparative micro-computed tomographic evaluation of three obturation systems
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Kabini, S.N.; Moodley, D.; Patel, N.; Parker, M.E.
Gaps or voids between walls of root canal and obturation material may lead to re-infection of the obturated root canal. Therefore, adaptation of the obturation material to dentine walls is essential for the success of root canal treatment.
The assessment of osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint using cone beam computed tomography
(University of the Western Cape, 2013) Shaik, Shoayeb; Parker, M.E.
Aim: To compare osseous changes in the mandibular condyles in patients presenting to the Oral Health Center, Tygerburg Campus, with and without clicking of the temporomandibular joint. Background: Clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not a normal occurrence in its form or function. A chronic click may lead to the development of osteoarthritis. A clinical finding of clicking of the joint can reflect osseous changes of the bony structures and form part of the early signs of degenerative joint diseases. These osseous changes can be detected on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. The purpose of this study is to confirm the presence osseous changes of the joint and institute the early management of these patients. Failure to intervene in the early stages could result in disease progression to possible osteoarthritis. CBCT imaging will be used to assess osseous changes in the temporomandibular joints with reference to erosions, flattening, lipping, sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Materials and methods: 25 patient records were selected for a control group and 25 patients that attended the Oral Health center were screened for asymptomatic clicking of the temporomandibular joints. Osseous changes of the 100 condyles were examined by the author and a senior member of the department. Changes were recorded when consensus was reached on the presence of any changes. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was used to assess the joints in both groups. Results: Age and gender showed no statistical significance between the 2 groups. The proportion of ‘yes’ for the variables showed that sclerosis (right) was statistically significant when comparing case versus control groups (P = 0.002). A chi-squared test applied to the data resulted in observed chi-square = 15.68, df = 1, p-value = 7.501e-05, (<0.0001) confirming that the discrimination is statistically significant. Conclusion: Osseous changes were found in both the control and case group. The case group exhibited equal or greater prevalence of osseous changes. Patients with asymptomatic click of the temporomandibular joints demonstrate osseous changes.
The assessment of osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
(The South African Dental Association, 2018) Shaik, S.; Parker, M.E.
INTRODUCTION: Clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not a normal occurrence. The clinical finding of chronic clicking of the joint can signify osseous changes and early signs of degenerative joint diseases. AIM: To compare osseous changes seen in the mandibular condyles of patients presenting at the Oral Health Centre, Tygerberg Campus, with and without clicking of the temporomandibular joint. METHODS: From amongst patients routinely attending the Oral Health Centre, a sample of 25 were selected as presenting with asymptomatic clicking of the temporomandibular joints. A matched sample of patients who did not demonstrate clicking was collected as a control. The mandibular condyles of both groups (N=100) were examined for erosions, flattening, lipping, sclerosis and osteophyte formation. RESULTS: The prevalence of sclerosis of the right joint in the study group was statistically significantly higher in comparison with the control group (P = 0.002). Age and gender showed no statistical significance between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Osseous changes were found in both the control and study groups but were more consistently found amongst those having asymptomatic clicks of the temporomandibular joints.
A cone beam analysis of the maxillary bony canal
(University of the Western Cape, 2013) Bedford, Mariam; Parker, M.E.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and diameter of the maxillary end osseous canal which carries the anastomosis of the infra alveolar artery (a branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery) and the infra- orbital artery. Material and methods: Data was analyzed from one hundred archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The presence of the end osseous anastomosis in the lateral sinus wall was identified by utilizing axial views. The vessel diameter was also measured in those images where the canal was identified. Results: The maxillary bony canal was identified in 49 (49%) of 100 maxillary sinus.14 (14%) presented on the right hand side, 10 (10%) presented on the left hand side, 25 (25%) had a bilateral presence with a remaining 51 (51%) which cannot be identified on the imaging. From the 49 canals that were identified, 5 canals had a diameter that was 2-3mm wide,19 canals had a diameter that was 1-2mm wide and the remaining 25 had a diameter that was less than 1mm. Conclusion: A sound knowledge of the maxillary sinus vascularity is essential as severe bleeding can occur due to damage of the intra-osseous branch during sinus augmentation procedures. CBCT analysis is required as a pre-requisite for the pre-planning stages during implant treatment to prevent complications such as haemorrhage, sinus perforations or associated vascular anomalies that may arise
Determining an average distance from the external mandibular cortex to the inferior alveolar canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging: An aid to harvesting mandibular ramus autogenous grafts.
(South African Dental Association, 2016) Padayachee, S.; Holmes, Haly; Parker, M.E.
OBJECTIVES: To provide average measurements relating the external mandibular cortex (EMC) to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) using CBCT. METHODS: 100 CBCT images from UWC Dental hospital patient database were analysed using CBCT software (NewtomVGi Image works Corps) to produce coronal slices at four defined points along the IAC. Each point was measured from the IAC to the outer aspect of the mandibular buccal cortex and to the alveolar ridge crest (edentulous mandibles) or buccal cortical plate crest (dentate mandibles). The paired t-test was used to analyse right and left side measurements in order to test for differences in right and left side means. RESULTS: A mean width of 5.891mm (±1.09) from the IAC to the EMC in the horizontal plane and a mean height of 13.068mm (±2.963) from IAC to the alveolar crest or buccal cortical plate was demonstrated. Mean height was lower in edentulous mandibles (11.142mm in females; 13.490mm in males) than in dentate mandibles (12.916mm in females; 14.102 in males). There was no significant difference in width values. Height values were greater in males (14.102mm) than in females (12.916mm), being marginally significant (p-value of 0.00948:p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These measurements are clinically applicable when harvesting mandibular autogenous block grafts.
Hard tissue features associated with the presence of impacted mandibular third molars
(University of the Western Cape, 2016) Babiker, Sahar Malik; Parker, M.E.; Shaik, Shoayeb
Different pathology associated with impacted wisdom teeth in the oral cavity showed that it is prevalent and may lead to varied dental complications. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective analytical design in order to examine hard tissue features associated with the presence of impacted third molars in a random sample of 2998 digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients' records in Tygerberg Oral Health Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Cape. The specific objectives of the study were to categorize the type of impactions in the DPRs of patients and to determine the prevalence of distal cervical caries (DCC) in second molars, any radiolucent (RL) /radiopaque (RO) lesions or external root resorption (ERR) complications associated with impacted wisdom teeth. Results of the pantomographs and clinical records of patients indicated that the most prevalent type of impaction (TOI) is Mesioangular (MA) Impaction (65%) followed by Horizontal (H) Impaction (17%), Vertical (V) Impaction (15%), Transverse (TVS) Impaction (2 %) and Distoangular (DA) Impaction (1.2 %), respectively. The least prevalent type was Inverted (INV) Impaction with a frequency count of 0.5%. The results further indicated varied dental complications resulting from impaction, ranging from ERR with a frequency of 3% of which 66.70% was associated with MA type of impaction, followed by H with a frequency of 26.7%. The association of Gender and RL/ RO lesions was significant (p-value=0.04) while association between DCC and types of impaction was also significant (p-value =0.0017). The study concluded that the high prevalence of MA among all populations and genders over the years may be related to the anatomical normal inclination of the third molars to the mesial surface. The low prevalence of DA observed in the study sample on the other hand might be attributable to gender and demographic factors. Lastly, this study has only one radiopaque lesion and the high prevalence of RL lesions in males and in the older age group suggests that these complications take a while to develop. Future research is needed to raise more awareness and encourage patients to seek treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic third molars before complications arise.
Knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Elmukhtar, Yasir Mohamed; Parker, M.E.
The level of knowledge and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety will have a direct impact on patient exposure to radiation. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions that included the demographic data of dentists, basic knowledge regarding radiation safety, knowledge of methods of dose reduction and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety. One hundred and sixty seven dental practitioners participated in the study. Results: The response rate was 90%. The majority were female, 59%, in the age group younger than 29 years with clinical experience less than 10 years. Only fifteen of the respondents identified themselves as specialist. Half of the respondents did not know that the thyroid gland is the most radiosensitive organ in the head and neck region. Forty four percent believed that the dose for panoramic radiography was higher than that for full mouth periapical radiographs. Forty percent had no idea that a relationship exists between the length of the x-ray cone and the amount of the dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the long cone is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Forty seven percent of the respondents had no idea that there is a relationship between the speed of the film and the amount of dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the fast film is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Sixty six percent had no idea that a relationship exists between collimation of the x-ray tube and patient dose. Forty six percent who knew the relationship existed, failed to explain that rectangular collimation is more effective for dose reduction. Seventy two percent of the dentists did not know what a safe distance from the radiation source was. Forty seven percent did not use film holders when taking periapical radiographs. Conclusions: This study clearly illustrates that there is a lack of knowledge regarding radiation safety in dentists in the government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Therefore there is a need to increase their knowledge regarding methods of radiation dose reduction (to patient) as well as improving their attitude regarding the radiation safety.
"Quality is bound up with our values" - Evaluating the quality of mentoring programmes
(Routledge, 2005) McMillan, Wendy; Parker, M.E.
This paper discusses quality evaluation of health sciences mentoring programmes. The discussion highlights the way in which perceptions of what constitutes quality shape evaluative purposes. Potential tensions between the evaluative purposes of various stakeholders are brought to the fore. To this end, the discussion explores the ways in which accountability shapes the evaluative purposes of funders and how the desire for programme knowledge and development frames the evaluative purposes of academics. Various approaches to programme evaluation are examined. The potential of reflective practice as a tool for examining quality for knowledge and development of programmes is considered. The paper concludes by presenting a framework for evaluating various aspects of quality in mentoring programmes.
Radiographic profile of symptomatic impacted mandibular third molars in the Western Cape, South Africa
(University of the Western Cape, 2005) Qirreish, Emad Eddin Yacob Juma; Parker, M.E.; Morkel, J.A.; Norval, E.J.G; Dept. of Diagnostics and Radiology; Faculty of Dentistry
It is common practice to remove impacted mandibular third molars due to pathology associated with these impactions. Alternatively, impactions can be treated conservatively through a closely guarded follow-up regiment. However, many symptoms associated with impacted third molars may be prevented by elective removal of potentially problematic teeth. To determine the risk of developing pathology associated with impacted mandibular third molars, a ransom sample of 200 pantomographs were analyzed displaying 324 impactions from patients who presented for treatment at the Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape.
The accuracy of the mental foramen position on panoramic radiographs and CBCT
(University of the Western Cape, 2017) Beshtawi, Khaled Raed; Parker, M.E.
Data was analysed from 31 archived cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and Digital panoramic radiographs (DP) for the same patients taken on the same x-ray machine (Carestream CS9000 3D). The position and demarcations of mental foramen were identified and then compared by means of linear measurements performed using the manufacturer provided software. Distances measured for the mental foramen in CBCT reformatted panoramic views (CRP) and digital panoramic radiographs (DP) were obtained and compared for both the vertical and horizontal positions. CBCT oblique coronal views (CORO) were studied for the vertical position of the mental foramen and compared to those obtained from CRP and DP for the same distance.

Browsing by Author "Parker, M.E."

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