Browsing by Author "Nqakala, Loyiso Clemence"

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    Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 with different Si/Al ratio and their evaluation as catalysts in the catalytic cracking of hexane
    (University of Western Cape, 2021) Nqakala, Loyiso Clemence; Mdleleni, Masikana; Mohiuddin, Ebrahim; Mpungose, Philani Perfect
    Ethylene and propylene are greatly used for their importance as feedstocks for producing useful materials. Due to rise in prices and the demand of ethylene and propylene, the need to increase the selective production of these light olefins is necessary. To achieve this, zeolites, specifically ZSM-5 has been used to investigate catalytic cracking of several types of hydrocarbons for the production of these light olefins. This study focuses on developing hierarchical macro and/or mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites with variable Si/Al ratios. The synthesized materials were then evaluated on their performance via catalytic cracking of hexane, dodecane and tyre derived oil [TDO] to produce light olefins, particularly ethylene and propylene.
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    Sustainable fuels: Lower alcohols perspective
    (Wiley, 2023) Anekwe, Ifeanyi Michael Smarte; Nyembe, Nhlanhla; Nqakala, Loyiso Clemence
    In the coming years, energy sources will play a vital role in global development. Biofuels made from sustainable sources are essential for the global economy's long-term viability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Clean, renewable, and sustainable must be the watchwords for future energy strategy. Alcohol fuels are again becoming a popular term in the context of green fuel usage in relation to climate change mitigation and clean fuel technology. In this review, low alcohol synthesis, applications and limitations as fuel and its catalytic conversion to fuel and petrochemicals were discussed, in addition to the techno-economic evaluation, environmental implications and prospects for practical application of low alcohols as fuels and petrochemicals.